Amasu E-Geophysical Ekuhloleni Amalahle
I-Pendahuluan
Ukuhlola amalahle kuyisigaba sokuqala esibalulekile embonini yezimayini. Amandla aqukethwe kumalahle asephenduke umthombo oyinhloko kagesi emazweni amaningi, ikakhulukazi asathuthuka. Ukuqinisekisa ukuhlola amalahle okuphumelelayo, kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuningana besimanje, obunye babo ubunjiniyela be-geophysical.
Amasu e-geophysical awuchungechunge lwezindlela ezisetshenziswa ososayensi be-geology ukumaka nokuhlaziya isakhiwo esingaphansi komhlaba soMhlaba. Ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, lawa masu avumela ukuhlonza imiphetho yamalahle nezinye izici ze-geological ngaphandle kwesidingo sokumba. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngamasu ahlukahlukene e-geophysical asetshenziswa ekuhloleni amalahle nokuthi asiza kanjani ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokuhlola nokunemba.
Ubunjiniyela be-Geomagnetic
Izimiso Eziyisisekelo
Amasu e-geomagnetic ahilela ukulinganisa ukwehluka kwensimu yamagnetic yoMhlaba. Uhlobo ngalunye lwedwala oqweqweni loMhlaba lunezakhiwo ezihlukile zamagnetic. Amalahle, ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo okuhlukile, abonisa ukungalingani kwamagnetic okungalinganiswa ngezinsimbi ezikhethekile ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-magnetometer.
Isicelo
Ekuhloleni amalahle, idatha ye-geomagnetic ingasetshenziswa ukuthola izindawo ezingavamile ze-magnetic ezibonisa ukuthi kukhona amalahle. Le ndlela iwusizo kakhulu ezindaweni ezinenhlabathi ebanzi lapho ezinye izindlela ze-geophysical zingase zingaphumeleli khona. Idatha ye-geomagnetic ingacutshungulwa ukuze kukhiqizwe amamephu e-magnetic anomaly aveza izakhiwo ze-geological ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye namaphethini okugoqa angase aqukethe amalahle.
Ubunjiniyela Bokuzamazama Komhlaba
Izimiso Eziyisisekelo
Ubunjiniyela be-Seismic buyindlela ye-geophysical esebenzisa amaza anwebekayo, noma amaza e-seismic, ukuze kudwetshwe izakhiwo ezingaphansi komhlaba. Amaza e-Seismic akhiqizwa ukuqhuma okuncane noma ukudlidliza okubangelwa iloli elidlidlizayo, bese ebuyiselwa emuva yizingqimba zamadwala ezingaphansi komhlaba. Ama-sensor abizwa ngokuthi ama-geophone asetshenziselwa ukuthola la maza abonakalisiwe, abese ecutshungulwa abe izithombe ze-subsurface.
Isicelo
Amasu okuzamazama komhlaba angenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu ekuhloleni amalahle ngenxa yekhono lawo lokunikeza izithombe ezinemininingwane yezakhiwo ezingaphansi komhlaba. Ngokuvamile, ucwaningo lokuzamazama komhlaba lwenziwa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: ukuzamazama komhlaba okubonakalayo kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba okubonakalayo. Ucwaningo lokuzamazama komhlaba okubonakalayo lusetshenziselwa ukumaka izakhiwo ze-geological ezijulile nezinemininingwane eminingi, kuyilapho ucwaningo lokuzamazama komhlaba okubonakalayo okubonakalayo lusetshenziselwa ukutadisha izakhiwo ezingaphezulu komhlaba eziqinile.
Besebenzisa idatha yokuzamazama komhlaba, izazi ze-geology zinganquma ukujiya komthungo wamalahle, ukujula kwesendlalelo, futhi zibone ngisho nokuphazamiseka kwesakhiwo njengokugoba kanye namaphutha angathinta ukumbiwa. Lokhu kuvumela ukuhlela imayini okunembe kakhulu futhi okuphumelelayo.
Ubunjiniyela be-Electromagnetic (EM)
Izimiso Eziyisisekelo
Amasu e-Electromagnetic (EM) ahilela ukulinganisa impendulo yensimu ye-electromagnetic ebusweni boMhlaba ebangelwa amasimu kagesi okwenziwa. Uhlobo ngalunye lwedwala noma amaminerali luthinta amasimu kagesi ngendlela ehlukile, okukhiqiza amaphethini angalinganiswa futhi ahlaziywe ukuze kuhlolwe imephu engaphansi komhlaba.
Isicelo
Ekuhloleni amalahle, amasu e-EM asiza ekutholeni imithungo yamalahle enokumelana noma ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okungafani nedwala elizungezile. Izindlela ze-EM ziwusizo kakhulu ekuhloleni ukwakheka kwe-geological okungajulile kuya kokujulile okuphakathi. Izibonelo zezicelo zifaka phakathi i-Time-Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM) noma i-Frequency-Domain Electromagnetic (FDEM), enikeza imininingwane ephezulu yezakhiwo ezingaphansi komhlaba.
Amasu e-EM avumela ukuhlonza ukungalingani kokuqhuba ugesi okungahlotshaniswa nemithungo yamalahle, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho imithungo yamalahle iseduze nobuso. Lolu lwazi, uma luhlanganiswa namanye amasu e-geophysical, lunikeza ulwazi oluphelele mayelana nezimo ze-geological kanye namathuba okumbiwa kwamalahle.
I-Radar Engena Emhlabathini (GPR)
Izimiso Eziyisisekelo
I-Radar Engena Emhlabathini (i-GPR) iyindlela esebenzisa amaza e-radar ukuze ifanekise indawo engaphansi komhlaba. Uhlelo lwe-GPR luthumela amaza omsakazo asebenzisa imvamisa ephezulu emhlabathini bese luqopha ukubonakaliswa kwala maza kusuka ezingqimbeni ezahlukahlukene noma ezintweni ezingaphansi komhlaba.
Isicelo
Ekuhloleni amalahle, i-GPR ingasetshenziswa ukumaka imiphetho yamalahle engajulile, ukuthola izakhiwo ezingajwayelekile, nokubona izinto ezincane ezingavamile ezingase zingabonakali ngezinye izindlela. Amasu e-GPR awusizo kakhulu ezindaweni ezine-dielectric contrast ephezulu phakathi kwamalahle kanye nokwakheka kwamadwala azungezile.
Inzuzo eyinhloko ye-GPR yikhono layo lokuhlinzeka ngedatha enesinqumo esiphezulu, okuwusizo kakhulu ezifundweni ezinemininingwane zokwakheka kwe-geological yendawo. Nakuba ukungena kwayo kulinganiselwe kakhulu kunezindlela zokuzamazama komhlaba, i-GPR inikeza ulwazi olubalulekile, ikakhulukazi ezigabeni zokuqala zokuhlola.
Ubunjiniyela Bokudonsa Amandla Adonsela Phansi
Izimiso Eziyisisekelo
Amasu okudonsa amandla adonsela phansi alinganisa ukwehluka kwensimu yamandla adonsela phansi yoMhlaba okubangelwa izinguquko ekubuneni kwamadwala angaphansi komhlaba. Amalahle ngokuvamile anobukhulu obuphansi kunamadwala azungezile, njengedwala eliyi-sedimentary noma igneous.
Isicelo
Ukuhlolwa kwamandla adonsela phansi kungasetshenziswa ukuthola izindawo ezinezinkinga ezimbi zamandla adonsela phansi ezingase zibonise ukuthi kukhona imiphetho yamalahle. Le ndlela iwusizo kakhulu ekuhloleni ezindaweni ezinkulu nalapho isembozo senhlabathi sijiyile kakhulu ngezindlela ze-geophysical ezingajulile njenge-GPR kanye ne-EM.
Amasu adonsela phansi avame ukusetshenziswa njengendlela yokuqala ezindaweni ezintsha ezingakahlolwa ngokujulile, ngoba ayakwazi ukunikeza isithombe esijwayelekile sokusatshalaliswa kwezinkinga zobuningi bamadwala.
Ukuhlanganiswa Kwamasu Ahlukahlukene E-Geophysical
Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile zokuhlola amalahle kwanamuhla ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela eziningi, noma ukuhlanganiswa kwamasu ahlukahlukene e-geophysical. Idatha evela ezindleleni ezahlukene, njenge-seismic, i-electromagnetic, kanye ne-gravity, ingahlanganiswa ukuze kukhiqizwe isithombe esinemininingwane nenembile sesakhiwo esingaphansi komhlaba. Isibonelo, idatha ye-seismic, enikeza ulwazi mayelana nesakhiwo sezingqimba zamadwala, ingahlanganiswa nedatha ye-gravimetric ukuze kunqunywe ukuhlukahluka kobuningi, kanye nedatha ye-electromagnetic ukuze kutholakale ukumelana kwezingqimba.
Ngokuhlanganisa idatha ehlukahlukene, ukungaqiniseki ekuchazeni i-geological kungancishiswa futhi amaphutha angaba khona ekudwebeni indawo yezimayini zamalahle angancishiswa. Lokhu kuvumela izinkampani zezimayini ukuthi zenze izinqumo ezinolwazi oluthe xaxa mayelana nezindawo zokumba kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimayini.
Isiphetho
Amasu e-Geophysical adlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlolweni kwamalahle kwanamuhla. Izindlela ezifana ne-geomagnetic, i-seismic, i-electromagnetic, i-GPR, kanye namandla adonsela phansi zinikeza amathuluzi anamandla okuqonda izakhiwo ezingaphansi komhlaba ngaphandle kwesidingo sokumba kabanzi. Ngokuhlanganisa idatha evela kulezi zindlela ezahlukahlukene, ukuhlola amalahle kungenziwa ngokusebenza kahle nangokunembile.
Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, izindlela ze-geophysical ziyaqhubeka nokucutshungulwa ukuze zinikeze isisombululo esiphezulu kanye nokuchazwa okunembile. Indima yamasu e-geophysical ekuhlolweni kwamalahle ayigcini nje ngokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokutholwa kwamalahle agciniwe kodwa futhi iyasiza ekuhleleni kangcono izimayini, inciphise izingozi zemvelo, futhi iqinisekise ukuzinza kwesikhathi esizayo kwemboni yezimayini.
