Izindlela Zokwenza Imephu Yesimi Engaphansi Kwamanzi
Ukumapha kokuzamazama komhlaba ngaphansi kwamanzi kuyindlela ebalulekile ekuhloleni kwamanzi, ikakhulukazi ekuhloleni uwoyela negesi kanye nasezifundweni ze-geology phansi kolwandle. Ngokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, le ndlela iye yathuthuka kakhulu, okuvumela ososayensi nonjiniyela ukuthola isithombe esinemininingwane nenembile sesakhiwo sephansi kolwandle. Lesi sihloko sizohlola izindlela zokumapha kokuzamazama komhlaba ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ngaphansi kwamanzi, kanye nezinzuzo zazo kanye nezinselele.
I-Pendahuluan
I-seismology engaphansi kwamanzi iyindlela esebenzisa amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba ukudala izithombe noma amamephu omhlaba ongaphansi komhlaba olwandle. Isimiso esiyisisekelo sifana namasu okuzamazama komhlaba, lapho amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba ekhishwa khona emhlabeni bese ukubonakaliswa kwawo noma ukugqama kwawo kubanjwa ngabamukeli, abahunyushwa ukuze baveze isakhiwo se-geological ngaphansi komhlaba.
Isisekelo Sezimfundiso Zezindlela Zokuzamazama Komhlaba
Empeleni, izindlela zokuzamazama komhlaba zisekelwe ekulinganiseni isikhathi sokuhamba kwamagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba njengoba ebonakalisa noma engena (ekushintsheni) izingqimba ezingaphansi kobuso bolwandle. Lawa magagasi akhiqizwa umthombo wokuzamazama komhlaba, njengesibhamu somoya noma isibhamu esiqhumayo, futhi abanjwe ngama-hydrophone noma ama-geophone.
Ukuzindla Kokuzamazama Komhlaba
Ukubonakaliswa kwe-Seismic kuyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu. Kule ndlela, amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba akhishwa emthonjeni osesikebheni sokuhlola aye phansi kolwandle. Lapho la magagasi efika ezingqimbeni ze-geological ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, amanye amandla amagagasi abuyiselwa emuva ebusweni bese ebanjwa yisamukeli kukhebula lokusakaza ngemuva komkhumbi. Idatha etholiwe bese icutshungulwa ukuze kukhiqizwe isithombe noma iphrofayili yendawo engaphansi komhlaba.
Ukwehlukaniswa Kwesimo Sezwe
Indlela yokulinganisa ukuminyana komhlaba ihilela amagagasi okuminyana komhlaba angena ezingqimbeni ezingaphansi komhlaba futhi aphinde aphinde abuyele emuva emingceleni ephakathi kwezingqimba ezinezivimbo ezahlukene zokuminyana komhlaba. Lawa magagasi alinganiswa ngama-geophone abekwe ngaphansi kwamanzi noma emikhunjini. Lolu lwazi luwusizo ekuqondeni izivimbo zokuminyana komhlaba ezingqimbeni zoMhlaba kanye nezakhiwo ze-geological ekujuleni okukhulu kunendlela yokubonisa.
Amathuluzi Nobuchwepheshe
Umthombo Wokuzamazama Komhlaba
Izibhamu Zomoya
Izibhamu zomoya ziyizinto ezisetshenziswa ukukhiqiza amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba ngokukhulula umoya ocindezelwe kakhulu emanzini. Ziwumthombo wokuzamazama komhlaba ovame kakhulu osetshenziswa ocwaningweni lokuzamazama komhlaba lwasolwandle ngoba zingakhiqiza amagagasi anamandla aphezulu kanye namaza alawulekayo.
Ukuqhuma
Iziqhumane zingasetshenziswa njengemithombo yokuzamazama komhlaba, yize zingavamile njengezibhamu zomoya. Iziqhumane ziqhunyiswa ngaphansi kwamanzi ukuze zikhiqize amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba anamandla aphezulu kakhulu, awusizo kakhulu ekuhlolweni ezindaweni ezine-geometry eyinkimbinkimbi yangaphansi komhlaba.
Umamukeli Wegagasi Lokuzamazama
Ama-Hydrophone
Ama-hydrophone ayizamukeli zamaza okuzamazama komhlaba ezenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ngaphansi kwamanzi. Abamba amaza okuzamazama komhlaba avela ngaphansi komhlaba bese ewaguqula abe amasignali kagesi angacutshungulwa kabanzi.
Ukusakaza
I-streamer ikhebula elide eliqukethe uchungechunge lwama-hydrophone adonswa ngemuva komkhumbi wokuhlola. Lezi zintambo zingaba amakhilomitha amaningana ubude futhi ziwusizo ekubambeni idatha yokuzamazama komhlaba njalo ngenkathi umkhumbi uhamba.
Uhlelo Lokucubungula Idatha
Idatha yokuzamazama komhlaba eqoqwe kumele icutshungulwe kusetshenziswa isofthiwe yekhompyutha eyinkimbinkimbi ukuze kukhiqizwe izithombe eziwusizo ezingaphansi komhlaba. Lokhu kucubungula kuhilela izinyathelo eziningana, njengokulungisa isikhathi sokuhamba, ukuhlunga, nokulola izithombe. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bekhompyutha, ukucubungula idatha yokuzamazama komhlaba manje kungenziwa ngokushesha futhi kukhiqizwe izithombe ezicacile nezinemininingwane eminingi.
Izinzuzo Zezindlela Zokuzamazama Ezingaphansi Kwamanzi
Ukuhlola Imithombo Yemvelo
Izindlela zokuzamazama komhlaba ezingaphansi kolwandle sezibe ithuluzi elibalulekile ekuhlolweni kukawoyela negesi ngaphansi kwamanzi. Idatha yokuzamazama komhlaba ivumela izazi ze-geology ukuthi zibone futhi zidwebe izindawo zokugcina amanzi ane-hydrocarbon ngokunemba okuphezulu. Lokhu kusiza izinkampani zikawoyela negesi ukuthi zinqume izindawo zokumba ezifanele, ekugcineni kuncishiswe izindleko zokuhlola futhi kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
Izifundo ze-Geology kanye ne-Tectonics
Ngaphezu kokuhlola izinsiza zemvelo, izindlela zokuzamazama komhlaba nazo zisetshenziswa ukutadisha i-geology yaphansi kolwandle kanye ne-tectonics. Idatha ye-seismic isiza izazi ze-geology ukuqonda izakhiwo ze-geological ezingaphansi kwamanzi, njengokuba khona kwamaphutha, izintaba zolwandle, kanye nezinye izakhiwo ze-geological eziyinkimbinkimbi. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekubhaleni izingozi zokuzamazama komhlaba kanye ne-tsunami.
Izinselele Nezithiyo
Izimo Zolwandle
Izimo zolwandle zingathinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yedatha yokuzamazama eqoqwe. Amagagasi aphezulu, imisinga enamandla, kanye nezimo zezulu ezimbi kungaphazamisa imisebenzi yokuqoqwa kwedatha futhi kunciphise ikhwalithi yezimpawu ezithathwe ngama-hydrophone.
Ukuphazamiseka kanye nomsindo
Idatha yokuzamazama komhlaba ivame ukuthintwa ukuphazamiseka noma umsindo ovela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, njengeminye imikhumbi, imisebenzi yezimboni ezingaphansi kwamanzi, ngisho nezilwane zasolwandle. Ukucubungula idatha ukuze kususwe lo msindo kuyinselele futhi kudinga amasu okucubungula idatha ayinkimbinkimbi.
Izindleko kanye Nezokuthutha
Imisebenzi yokuhlola ukuzamazama komhlaba ngaphansi kolwandle idinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu emishinini nasebuchwephesheni, kanye nezindleko zokusebenza eziphezulu. Imikhumbi yokuhlola, imithombo yokuzamazama komhlaba, ama-streamer, kanye nezinhlelo zokucubungula idatha konke kudinga ukulungiswa njalo kanye nokushintshwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto zokuhlela imisebenzi olwandle zivame ukuba yinkimbinkimbi futhi zibiza kakhulu.
Ikusasa Lezindlela Zokuzamazama Ezingaphansi Kwamanzi
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwezobuchwepheshe, ikusasa lezindlela zokuzamazama komhlaba ngaphansi kwamanzi libukeka lithembisa kakhulu. Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bezinzwa, ukubala, kanye nedatha enkulu kulindeleke ukuthi ithuthukise ukuxazululwa kanye nokunemba kwedatha yokuzamazama komhlaba, kanye nokusheshisa ukucutshungulwa kwedatha.
Ukuhlanganiswa nezinye ubuchwepheshe, njengokuzwa kude kanye nezimoto ezizimele ngaphansi kwamanzi (ama-AUV), kulindeleke ukuthi kuvuleke amathuba amasha ekuhloleni ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-AUV kungenza kube lula ukuhlola ezindaweni okunzima ukuzifinyelela ngemikhumbi, kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuphepha.
Isiphetho
Ukumapha kokuzamazama komhlaba ngaphansi kwamanzi kuyithuluzi eliwusizo ekuhlolweni kwezinsiza zemvelo kanye nasezifundweni ze-geological ngaphansi kwamanzi. Nakuba kunezinselele eziningi okufanele zinqotshwe, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe iyaqhubeka nokuvula indlela yokuthuthuka kule ndlela. Ngokuqonda kangcono izakhiwo ze-geological ngaphansi kwamanzi, singenza izinqumo ezinolwazi oluthe xaxa ekuhlolweni kwezinsiza zemvelo kanye nokunciphisa izingozi zezinhlekelele zemvelo.
