Umbono Oyisisekelo Wokwakheka Kwe-Seismic Poroelasticity
I-Seismic poroelasticity igatsha le-geophysics elihlola ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba kanye nemithombo yamanzi embozwe uketshezi. Kulesi simo, imithombo yamanzi ingaba amatshe okugcina amanzi atholakala ngaphansi komhlaba, aqukethe uwoyela, igesi, noma amanzi. Ukuqonda ithiyori ye-seismic poroelasticity kubalulekile ekuhlolweni kwe-hydrocarbon, ukuphathwa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, kanye nokunciphisa izingozi zezinhlekelele njengokuzamazama komhlaba. Lesi sihloko sizonikeza umbono ojulile wesisekelo sethiyori se-seismic poroelasticity, imiqondo yayo eyisisekelo, izibalo ezibalulekile zezibalo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo okusebenzayo.
1. Pendahuluan
I-Seismic poroelasticity ihlanganisa inkolelo-mbono yokunwebeka nokugeleza koketshezi ezindaweni ezinezimbobo. Le nkolelo-mbono isekelwe ezifundweni zikaBiot (1941), owasungula imodeli yezibalo ukuchaza amagagasi e-seismic ezindaweni ezinezimbobo ezigcwele uketshezi. Imodeli kaBiot yathola ukunakwa kabanzi ngoba ingachaza izinhlobonhlobo zezenzakalo ezingenakuchazeka ngokunwebeka kwakudala.
I-medium enezimbobo yinto equkethe uhlaka oluqinile olunezimbobo ezigcwele uketshezi. Lolu ketshezi lungaba yigesi, uketshezi, noma ingxube yakho kokubili. Umphumela woketshezi lwezimbobo ekusabalaleni kwamagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba uyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ezifundweni ze-poroelasticity. Uketshezi lwezimbobo lungathinta ijubane kanye nokuncipha kwamagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba, lunikeze ulwazi olubalulekile lokuhumusha idatha yokuzamazama komhlaba.
2. Umqondo Oyisisekelo Wokunwebeka Kwe-Poroelasticity
2.1. Okuphakathi Okunezimbobo
Ku-poroelasticity theory, indawo enezimbobo ibhekwa njengenezigaba ezimbili: isigaba esiqinile (uhlaka lwamatshe) kanye nesigaba soketshezi (uketshezi noma igesi ezimbobeni). Ukunyakaza kwamagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba kubangela ukuguquka kohlaka oluqinile kanye nokucindezeleka koketshezi.
2.2. Ukuguqulwa Kokunwebeka
Ukuguquguquka kwe-elastic kubhekisela ekushintsheni kwesimo noma ivolumu yento ekwazi ukululama. Ezindaweni ezinezimbobo, lokhu kuguquguquka kubangelwa ukucindezeleka okusebenzayo komshini. Ithiyori ye-classical elastic ihlanganisa ubudlelwano phakathi kokucindezeleka nokucindezeleka, okuvame ukuvezwa ngesimo se-equation kaHooke.
2.3. Ukugeleza Koketshezi
Ngaphezu kokuguquguquka kwe-elastic, ukuba khona koketshezi ezindaweni ezinezimbobo kudinga nokuqonda ukugeleza koketshezi ezimbobeni. Lokhu kugeleza koketshezi kuqhutshwa yi-gradient yokucindezela futhi kungachazwa kusetshenziswa umthetho kaDarcy.
3. Izibalo Eziyinhloko Zezibalo
Ukuze uqonde i-seismic poroelasticity, imodeli yezibalo echaza ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamagagasi e-seismic kanye nendawo enezimbobo ibalulekile. Ezinye zezibalo ezibalulekile kule mbono zifaka:
3.1. Isibalo se-Biot
I-Biot equation iyisisekelo se-seismic poroelasticity theory. Le equation ihlanganisa imithetho yokuguquguquka kwamafreyimu aqinile kanye nomthetho kaDarcy wokugeleza koketshezi. I-Biot ibonise ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamagagasi endaweni ye-poroelastic: amagagasi e-P asheshayo kanye namagagasi e-P ahamba kancane. Lawa magagasi amabili anezici ezihlukile zesivinini kanye nokuncishiswa.
3.2. Isibalo Sokuqhubeka
I-continuity equation ikhombisa isimiso sokulondolozwa kwesisindo samanzi asema-pores. Kumodeli ye-Biot, i-continuity equation icabangela izinguquko ekubuneni koketshezi kanye nesivinini sokugeleza koketshezi endaweni enezimbobo.
3.3. Izilinganiso Zokunyakaza
Izibalo zokunyakaza ku-seismic poroelasticity theory zihlanganisa ukunyakaza okuhlobene phakathi kohlaka oluqinile kanye noketshezi olungaphakathi kwama-pores. Lezi zibalo zibala ukucindezeleka komshini okubangelwa ukuguqulwa kwe-elastic kanye nokucindezela koketshezi ngaphakathi kwama-pores.
4. Isenzakalo se-Seismic Poroelasticity
4.1. Ukusabalala Kwamagagasi
Ukusabalala kwamagagasi kuyisenzakalo lapho ijubane lamagagasi lincike khona ekuvameni. Kuma-poroelastic media, ukusabalala kwamagagasi kuthonywa ukusebenzisana phakathi kohlaka oluqinile nolwe-fluid. Lokhu kusabalala kunganikeza ulwazi mayelana nezakhiwo ze-mechanical kanye ne-hydraulic ze-porous medium.
4.2. Ukuncipha Kwamagagasi
Ukuncipha kwamagagasi kubhekisela ekwehleni kokuphakama kwamagagasi njengoba kusabalala. Ukuncipha kwamagagasi emithonjeni kwenzeka ngenxa yokumuncwa kwamandla amagagasi yi-medium. Izinga lokuncipha lithonywa yi-viscosity yoketshezi olusezimbotsheni kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zohlaka oluqinile.
4.3. I-Anisotropy
I-Anisotropy iwukuncika kwezakhiwo zomzimba ze-medium ngokuya ngakwesokunene. I-Porous media ivame ukubonisa i-seismic anisotropy, lapho ijubane lamagagasi kanye nokuncishiswa kwezakhi kuhluka ngezindlela ezahlukene. Lokhu ku-anisotropy kungabangelwa ukuqondiswa kwama-pores, ukwakheka, noma ukuqhekeka ngaphakathi kwe-porous medium.
5. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Poroelasticity nge-Seismic
5.1. Ukuhlola i-Hydrocarbon
Ekuhlolweni kwe-hydrocarbon, ukuzamazama komhlaba okune-poroelastic kusetshenziselwa ukuhlonza izindawo zokugcina uwoyela negesi kanye nokuchaza izakhiwo zazo. Ulwazi mayelana nejubane kanye nokuncipha kwamagagasi ezindaweni zokusakaza ezine-porous lungasiza ekudwebeni amamephu ezindawo zokugcina amanzi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamasu okukhiqiza asebenzayo.
5.2. Imithombo Yamanzi Angaphansi Komhlaba
Ukuqonda ukuminyana komhlaba kubalulekile nasezifundweni zamanzi zokuphatha izinsiza zamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ukuchazwa kwezindawo zamanzi kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi ezindaweni ezimboziwe kungenziwa kusetshenziswa idatha yokuminyana komhlaba.
5.3. Ukuqapha Izingozi Zendawo
Amasu okuma komhlaba asebenzisa i-seismic poroelasticity asetshenziswa ukuqapha izingozi ze-geo njengokuzamazama komhlaba kanye nezinguquko ekucindezelweni koketshezi endaweni engaphansi komhlaba. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekunciphiseni izingozi kanye nokuphathwa kwezinhlekelele.
6. Isiphetho
I-Seismic poroelasticity iyinsimu eyinkimbinkimbi kodwa ebalulekile yokufunda ku-geophysics. Ukuqonda le mbono kudinga inhlanganisela yokuguquguquka kanye ne-fluid mechanics ku-porous media. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamamodeli ezibalo njenge-Biot equation kusivumele ukuthi siqonde kangcono ukuziphatha kwamagagasi e-seismic ku-porous media, okuhlanganisa nezenzakalo zokuhlakazeka, ukuncipha, kanye ne-anisotropy.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-poroelasticity yokuzamazama komhlaba kubanzi, kusukela ekuhlolweni kwe-hydrocarbon kuya ekuphathweni kwemithombo yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba kanye nokunciphisa izingozi ze-geo. Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo olwengeziwe kule ndawo luzoqhubeka nokufaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nesayensi emikhakheni eyahlukene.
Ireferensi
– Biot, M.A. (1941). Inkolelo-mbono yokusabalala kwamagagasi anwebekayo esiqinileni esigcwele uketshezi esinezimbobo. Ijenali ye-Acoustical Society of America, 28(2), 168-191.
– Carcione, J.M. (2007). Ama-Wave Fields ku-Real Media: Ukusabalala kwama-Wave ku-Anisotropic, Anelastic, Porous kanye ne-Electromagnetic Media. Elsevier.
– Wang, Z. (2000). Izisekelo ze-Seismic Rock Physics. Geophysics, 55(9), 1124-1134.
Ngokuqonda izisekelo zethiyori ye-seismic poroelasticity, sithola ithuluzi elinamandla lokuphenya indawo engaphansi komhlaba, elibalulekile ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo zezimboni nezesayensi. Ucwaningo lwayo olucebile noluyinkimbinkimbi lusinikeza ukuqonda okujulile ngezwe elingaphansi kwezinyawo zethu kanye nezinsiza eziqukethe.
