Ukumelana kwezinto ze-Electromotive force (EMF) ku-voltage ye-terminal
Amandla kagesi ukugeleza ku-closed circuit, kusuka ku-high potential kuya ku-low potential. Lapho ugesi uhamba ngengxenye ukumelana kagesi, kube nokunciphisa amandla kagesi angase abe khona ngoba amandla kagesi asetshenziswa ekumelaneni. Ukuze kugcinwe ugesi ugeleza usuka emandleni aphezulu uye emandleni aphansi, idivayisi kumele isetshenziswe ukwandisa amandla kagesi. Le divayisi ibizwa ngokuthi i-electromotive force (EMF), noma ngokunembile, umthombo we-voltage. Umthombo we-EMF noma we-voltage uyingxenye eguqula uhlobo olulodwa lwamandla lube amandla kagesi, njengebhethri, i-accumulator, i-solar cell, noma i-electrical generator.
Umthombo we-voltage kagesi (emf)
Isithombe esiseceleni siwumfanekiso olula wesekethe evaliwe ene-emf (ε) kanye nokumelana (R). Umugqa omude oqondile emthonjeni we-emf umelela amandla aphezulu kanti umugqa omfushane oqondile umelela amandla aphansi. Ishaja kagesi isuka emandleni aphezulu iye emandleni aphansi. Ishaja kagesi ehamba phakathi nesikhathi esithile ibizwa ngokuthi ugesi wamandla kagesi, lapho isiqondiso sogesi siboniswa khona umcibisholo.
Uma inamandla aphezulu, ishaja inamandla kagesi. Amandla kagesi ayancipha njengoba ishaja idlula ku-resistor. Uma ishaja isuka kumandla aphansi iye kumandla aphezulu, amandla kagesi ayanda.
Izithiyo ku
Uma ishaja kagesi isuka kumthombo we-emf isuka ku-low potential iye ku-high potential, ishaja ibhekana nokumelana. Imithombo ye-voltage kagesi yangempela ivame ukuba nayo izithiyo zangaphakathi, okuvezwa uphawu r. Lapho ishaja kagesi idlula izithiyo zangaphakathi (r), kukhona ukwehla kwamandla kagesi noma amandla kagesi ayancipha.
I-voltage yesiphetho
I-voltage ye-terminal (V) noma i-voltage ye-clamping yi-voltage enetha ekhiqizwa umthombo we-voltage kagesi noma umthombo we-emf. Ngokwezibalo, ivezwa nge-equation:
V= ε – I r
Imininingwane:
V = I-voltage ye-terminal, ε = emf, I = ugesi wamanje, r = ukumelana kwangaphakathi.
Uma ibhethri le-12 Volt linokumelana kwangaphakathi okungu-0,2 Ω bese kuthi lapho ugesi ongu-2 A ugeleza usuka ebhethrini, i-voltage inani lokugcina 12 – (0,2)(2) = 12 – 0,4 = 11,6 Volts.
Uma kungekho mandla kagesi ageleza esuka ebhethrini, inani le-voltage yokugcina = i-emf. Isibonelo, uma i-emf = ama-volts angu-12, khona-ke i-voltage yokugcina = ama-volts angu-12. Uma kukhona ugesi ogeleza ovela emthonjeni we-emf, i-voltage yokugcina ingaphansi kwe-emf.
I-EMF yi-voltage kagesi ebhalwe ohlwini, isibonelo, ebhethrini, kuyilapho i-voltage yokubopha iyi-voltage kagesi yangempela noma umehluko wangempela wamandla, lapho inani lithonywa khona ugesi ogeleza ebhethrini.
