Ukwelashwa Ngemizimba Ekusingatheni Izinkinga Zokuphefumula
Izinkinga zokuphefumula ziyisikhalazo esivamile kubantu babo bonke ubudala, kusukela ezinganeni kuya kubantu asebekhulile. Izimo ezifana ne-asthma, isifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona (i-COPD), i-pneumonia, i-bronchiectasis, kanye nezinkinga zokuphefumula ngemva kokuhlinzwa zinganciphisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yokuphila. Ngaphezu kokwelashwa kwezokwelapha, i-physiotherapy idlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwamaphaphu, ukunciphisa ukuphefumula okufushane, ukwenza kube lula ukuphuma kwegazi, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukubekezelela imisebenzi. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngendlela i-physiotherapy enikela ngayo ekuphathweni kwezinkinga zokuphefumula, amasu asetshenziswayo, kanye nezinzuzo zayo ezigulini.
Indima ye-physiotherapy ohlelweni lokuphefumula
I-physiotherapy yenhliziyo nokuphefumula igatsha le-physiotherapy eligxile ekuhlolweni nasekungeneleleni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwenhliziyo namaphaphu. Ngokuphathelene nezinkinga zokuphefumula, odokotela be-physiotherapists basiza iziguli ngezinhlelo ezihlelekile ezenzelwe izimo zazo ngazinye. Imigomo ifaka: ukuthuthukisa ukuphefumula kwamaphaphu, ukuthuthukisa ukushintshana komoya-mpilo kanye ne-carbon dioxide, ukugcina ukukhululeka komoya, ukuthuthukisa amandla emisipha yokuphefumula, kanye nokusiza iziguli ukuthi zibuyele emisebenzini yazo yansuku zonke ngokuphephile.
Izinkinga zokuphefumula zivame ukuhambisana nobuthakathaka bemisipha, ukunyakaza okulinganiselwe kwesifuba, ukuqongelela koketshezi (i-phlegm), kanye nezindlela zokuphefumula ezingasebenzi kahle. Ukwelashwa nge-physiotherapy kudlala indima ekubhekaneni nalezi zingxenye. Ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezingamahlalakhona njenge-COPD, i-physiotherapy ayisizi nje kuphela ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwesifo kodwa futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukubuyela emuva ngokuzivocavoca kanye nemfundo.
Izimo ezivame ukusizwa nge-physiotherapy
Ezinye izimo zokuphefumula ezivamile ezizuzisayo nge-physiotherapy zifaka:
1. I-COPD (Isifo Esingapheli Sokuvimbela Amaphaphu)
Iziguli ezine-COPD zivame ukuba nokuphefumula okunzima, ukukhiqizwa kwe-phlegm ngokweqile, kanye nokuncipha kokubekezelela imisebenzi. Ukwelashwa nge-physiotherapy kusiza ukuqeqesha amaphethini okuphefumula aphumelelayo futhi kuthuthukise amandla okusebenza.
2. Isifuba somoya
Ku-asthma, i-physiotherapy ingasiza ngokulawula ukuphefumula, ukuphumula, kanye nokuqina komzimba. Nakuba ukuhlaselwa okubukhali kusadinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, ukuvivinya umzimba ngokuphefumula kungasiza ekunciphiseni ukwethuka nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuphefumula.
3. I-pneumonia kanye nezifo zokuphefumula
Ezigulini ezine-phlegm ejiyile noma enzima ukuyikhipha, amasu okuhlanza umgudu womoya abalulekile ukusiza ekululameni.
4. I-Bronchiectasis kanye ne-cystic fibrosis
Lesi simo sivame ukuholela ekukhiqizweni koketshezi okweqile kanye nokutheleleka okuphindaphindiwe. Ukwelashwa nge-physiotherapy kusiza ukuhlanza imigudu yokuphefumula njalo.
5. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa (ikakhulukazi ukuhlinzwa kwesifuba/kwesisu)
Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, iziguli zivame ukuphefumula kancane ngenxa yobuhlungu, okuzibeka engcupheni ye-atelectasis (ukuwa kwengxenye yamaphaphu). Ukuzivocavoca ukuphefumula kanye nokunyakaza kwasekuqaleni kusiza ukuvimbela izinkinga.
6. Izinkinga zemisipha (isib. isifo sohlangothi, ukulimala komgogodla, i-ALS)
Ubuthakathaka bemisipha yokuphefumula kanye nokukhwehlela okungasebenzi kahle kwenza kube nzima ngeziguli ukususa uketshezi oluphumayo. Ukwelashwa nge-physiotherapy kusiza ukuthuthukisa ukukhwehlela kanye nokuphefumula.
Amasu okwelapha ngokuzivocavoca asetshenziswayo
1. Ukuzivocavoca kokuphefumula
Ukuzivocavoca kokuphefumula kuhlose ukuthuthukisa amaphethini okuphefumula nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwemisipha yokuphefumula. Izindlela ezimbili ezivame ukusetshenziswa yilezi:
– Ukuphefumula ngezindebe ezicindezelwe: kusiza ukwehlisa isikhathi sokuphelelwa yisikhathi, kunciphisa ukubanjwa komoya kubantu abane-COPD, futhi kunciphisa imizwa yokuphelelwa umoya.
– Ukuphefumula nge-diaphragm (ukuphefumula nge-diaphragm): kuqeqesha ukusetshenziswa kwe-diaphragm ukwenza ukuphefumula kujule futhi kukhululeke kakhudlwana, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemisipha yokuphefumula evame ukwenza iziguli zikhathale ngokushesha.
2. Amasu okuhlanza imigwaqo yomoya
Uma uketshezi luqoqana, iziguli zingaba nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, ukuphelelwa umoya, kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokutheleleka. Izindlela ezingasetshenziswa zifaka:
– Ukufutha nokukhwehlela okuphumelelayo: ukufutha kuwukukhipha umoya ngamandla ngaphandle kokuvala umphimbo, okuwusizo ekususeni i-phlegm kusuka emigudwini yomoya emincane iye kwemikhulu ukuze ikwazi ukuphuma kalula.
– Ukukhipha amanzi emzimbeni: ukubeka umzimba ngezindlela ezithile ukuze kusetshenziswe amandla adonsela phansi ukusiza ekukhipheni i-phlegm.
– Ukushaywa kwemisipha nokudlidliza: ukumbambatha kancane nokudlidliza kodonga lwesifuba ukusiza ukukhulula uketshezi oluphumayo.
– Izinsiza ezifana ne-PEP (Positive Expiratory Pressure): zinikeza ingcindezi ngesikhathi sokuphelelwa umoya ukuze kugcinwe imigudu yomoya ivulekile futhi kuvumele uketshezi luhambe kalula.
3. Ukuzivocavoca kokuqinisa imisipha yokuphefumula
Kwabanye iziguli, imisipha yokuphefumula kanye neyokuphefumula iyabuthaka. Ukuzivocavoca okucindezelayo kusetshenziswa idivayisi yokuqeqesha imisipha yokuphefumula kungathuthukisa amandla emisipha yokuphefumula, kusize iziguli zinciphise ukuphefumula ngesikhathi somsebenzi, futhi kwandise amandla okuzivocavoca.
4. Ukushukunyiswa okuhleliwe kanye nokuzivocavoca umzimba
Ukuphefumula kanzima kuvame ukwenza iziguli zesabe ukunyakaza, okuholela ekuwohlokeni kokuqina komzimba: lapho zingasebenzi kakhulu, kuba buthakathaka, futhi kulapho ziba namathuba amaningi okuthola ukuphefumula kanzima. Uhlelo lokuzivocavoca oluphephile—njengokuhamba, ukugibela ibhayisikili okungaguquki, noma ukuqeqeshwa kwamandla amancane—kusiza ekuthuthukiseni ukubekezelela imisebenzi kanye nokusebenza kwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Ezinhlelweni zokuvuselela amaphaphu, ukuzivocavoca kuyingxenye ebalulekile, esekelwa yimfundo kanye namasu okuphatha izimpawu.
5. Imfundo kanye nokuphathwa kwamandla
Odokotela be-physiotherapists banikeza nemfundo mayelana nalokhu:
- indlela yokubona izimpawu zokubuyela emuva,
- amasu okuphefumula lapho ukhuphuka izitebhisi noma uhamba,
– izikhundla zomzimba ezisiza ekunciphiseni ukuphelelwa umoya (isib. ukugoba phambili ngokusekelwa yizandla),
– isu lokuhamba ngesivinini (ukulawula isigqi somsebenzi) ukuze amandla angasheshi.
Le mfundo ibalulekile ngoba impumelelo ye-physiotherapy ithonywa kakhulu ukuzivocavoca okuzimele kanye nezinguquko emikhubeni yansuku zonke.
Inqubo yokubuyekeza uhlelo kanye nokunquma
Ngaphambi kokunikeza noma yikuphi ukungenelela, udokotela wezokwelapha umzimba wenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele. Ukuhlolwa kungafaka izinga lokuphefumula, iphethini yokuphefumula, ukugcwala komoya-mpilo, ikhono lokukhwehlela, ubuningi besikhohlela kanye nezici, ukunyakaza kodonga lwesifuba, ukubekezelela umsebenzi, kanye nokuhlolwa kokuphelelwa umoya njenge-Borg Scale. Ngokusekelwe kule miphumela, udokotela wezokwelapha umzimba uthuthukisa uhlelo oluqondiswe emigomweni yesiguli—isibonelo, ukunciphisa ukuphelelwa umoya lapho uhamba, ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokwenza imisebenzi yasekhaya, noma ukunciphisa ukuvama kokubhebhetheka kwe-COPD.
Izinzuzo ze-physiotherapy zezinkinga zokuphefumula
Ngokuvamile, izinzuzo ze-physiotherapy zezinkinga zokuphefumula zifaka:
- kunciphisa ukuqina futhi kuthuthukisa induduzo yokuphefumula,
– kusiza ukukhipha i-phlegm ukuze umgudu wokuphefumula uhlanzeke,
- kwandisa amandla okusebenza kanye namakhono okusebenza kwansuku zonke,
– ukunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga ezifana ne-atelectasis kanye nokutheleleka okuphindaphindiwe,
- thuthukisa ukuma komzimba kanye nokuhamba kwesifuba,
– ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila kanye nokuzethemba kweziguli.
Ezimweni ezingamahlalakhona, i-physiotherapy ibuye isize iziguli ukuthi zilawule kangcono isifo sazo ngemikhuba yokuzivocavoca, ukuqapha izimpawu, kanye nokunamathela ohlelweni.
Kunini lapho kufanele ubonane nodokotela we-physiotherapist?
Ukubonisana ngokwelashwa ngomzimba kungacatshangelwa uma umuntu evame ukuba nokuphefumula okunzima ngesikhathi somsebenzi olula, ekhwehlela njalo ene-phlegm, enesifo sokuqina esingapheli, noma elulama esifweni samaphaphu noma ekuhlinzweni. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu eziphuthumayo ezifana nokuphefumula okunzima, izindebe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ubuhlungu besifuba obukhulu, noma ukuncipha kokuqaphela—lezi zimo zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo.
Isiphetho
Ukwelashwa nge-physiotherapy kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuphathweni kwezinkinga zokuphefumula, kokubili eziphuthumayo nezingapheli. Ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo zokuphefumula, amasu okuhlanza umoya, ukuqinisa imisipha yokuphefumula, ukuzivocavoca umzimba okuhleliwe, kanye nemfundo, i-physiotherapy isiza iziguli ukuphefumula kahle futhi zenze imisebenzi enempilo engcono. Ukubambisana phakathi kweziguli, odokotela be-physiotherapists, kanye nabanye ochwepheshe bezempilo kuyisihluthulelo sempumelelo, njengoba ukwelashwa kwezinkinga zokuphefumula ngokuvamile kudinga indlela eqhubekayo neqondiwe, yesikhathi eside.
