Umehluko phakathi kwePlasma neSerum yegazi
Igazi liyingxenye ebalulekile yomzimba womuntu, lithutha umoya-mpilo, izakhamzimba, ama-hormone, nezinye izinto eziya kuzo zonke izitho nezicubu. Igazi lakhiwe ngezinto ezahlukahlukene ezivumela izinhlelo zomzimba ukuthi zisebenze kahle. Kunezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko zegazi eziwuketshezi ezivame ukuxoxwa ngazo kwezokwelapha nasocwaningweni lwezokwelapha: i-plasma ne-serum. Nakuba ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokufana ngabantu abavamile, i-plasma ne-serum kunomehluko omkhulu ekusebenzeni nasekubunjweni. Lesi sihloko sizochaza umehluko phakathi kwe-plasma ne-serum yegazi kanye nokubaluleka kokuqonda lezi zingxenye ezimbili esimweni sezokwelapha.
I-plasma yegazi
Incazelo kanye nokwakheka kwe-Plasma
I-plasma iwuketshezi oluphuzi olukhanyayo olwakha cishe u-55% womthamo wegazi lomuntu. I-plasma yakhiwa cishe u-90-92% wamanzi, kanti okusele kuqukethe amaprotheni, usawoti, ama-enzyme, amagesi, izakhamzimba, kanye nemikhiqizo engcolile.
Umsebenzi wePlasma
I-Plasma isebenza njengendlela yokuthutha. Isiza ekuthwaleni amakhemikhali nezinto ezahlukahlukene ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba. I-Plasma isebenza ku:
1. Ihambisa izakhamzimba nama-hormone emzimbeni wonke.
2. Ukuthwala imfucuza ye-metabolic uye esibindini nasezinso ukuze ikhishwe.
3. Kusiza ekulawuleni izinga lokushisa lomzimba ngokusatshalaliswa kokushisa.
4. Inamaphrotheni e-plasma njenge-albumin esiza ekugcineni ingcindezi ye-osmotic kanye nomthamo wegazi.
5. Iqukethe izinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi njenge-fibrinogen ebalulekile enqubweni yokwakheka kwegazi.
Ukudalwa kwePlasma
I-plasma yegazi itholakala egazini eliphelele elikhishwe bese lihlukaniswa kusetshenziswa i-centrifuge. I-centrifuge iyithuluzi elijikeleza isampula yegazi ngesivinini esikhulu, lihlukanise izingxenye zalo ngokusekelwe ekubuneni kwazo. Amaseli egazi abomvu namhlophe aqoqana phansi kwepayipi, kuyilapho i-plasma elula ihlala phezulu.
I-Serum yegazi
Incazelo kanye nokwakheka kwe-Serum
I-serum uketshezi olusalayo ngemva kokuba igazi selijiyile futhi izinto ezijiyile njenge-fibrinogen sezisusiwe. Le nqubo isusa ezinye zezingxenye ezibalulekile ezikhona ku-plasma, kodwa igcina izinto ezifana nama-hormone, ama-electrolyte, ama-antigen, namaprotheni.
Umsebenzi we-Serum
I-serum isaqukethe amakhemikhali amaningi abalulekile asetshenziswa ekuhlolweni nasekucwaningweni kokuxilonga. Imisebenzi ebalulekile ye-serum ifaka:
1. Nikeza ulwazi lokuxilonga ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okuhlukahlukene.
2. Iqukethe ama-antibodies asetshenziswa ekuhlolweni kwezifo kanye nezimpendulo zomzimba.
3. Kusetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwezokwelapha kanye nasekukhiqizweni kwemijovo.
4. Kusetshenziswa ezivivinyweni zemitholampilo ukuqapha izimo zezokwelapha noma ukuqonda imiphumela yokwelashwa.
Ukudalwa kwe-Serum
Inqubo yokwenza i-serum ifana neye-plasma, kodwa ngesinyathelo esengeziwe. Ngemva kokuqoqa igazi eliphelele, isampula iyashiywa ime noma kufakwe i-agent yokujiya ukuze kubangele ukujiya. Uma igazi selijiyile, izingxenye ze-plasma nezeseli ezifana namaseli abomvu egazi, amaseli amhlophe egazi, nama-platelet ziyasuswa, kushiye i-serum phezulu.
Ukuqhathaniswa Okuningiliziwe Phakathi Kwe-Plasma Ne-Serum
Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali
1. Amaprotheni kanye Nezinto Ezibangela Ukujiya Kwegazi:
– I-Plasma iqukethe izinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi (njenge-fibrinogen) ezibalulekile enqubweni ye-hemostasis.
– I-serum ayinayo nhlobo le nto yokujiya kwegazi, ngoba isijiyile.
2. Ama-electrolyte, ama-hormone, nama-enzyme:
– Kokubili i-plasma ne-serum kuqukethe ama-electrolyte (njenge-sodium, i-potassium, i-calcium), ama-hormone, nama-enzyme cishe ngokulinganayo, kodwa akukho noyedwa odlala indima ekujiyeni kwegazi.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwezokwelapha Nelebhu
1. Ukuhlolwa Kokuxilonga:
– I-Plasma ivame ukusetshenziswa ezivivinyweni zokuxilonga ezidinga ukuhlaziywa kokujiya kwegazi njengokuhlolwa kwe-PT (Prothrombin Time) noma i-aPTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time).
– I-serum iwusizo kakhulu ekuhlolweni okuhlukahlukene kwamakhemikhali egazi njengokuhlolwa kwe-glucose, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi, kanye nokuhlolwa okuhlukahlukene kwe-immunological.
2. Izidingo Ezithile:
– I-plasma isetshenziswa ezimweni zezokwelapha ezidinga ukumpontshelwa igazi ukuze kwelashwe izinkinga zokopha noma zokujiya kwegazi.
– I-serum isetshenziswa emalabhorethri ocwaningo ukuze kwenziwe izivivinyo ezahlukahlukene ze-biochemical.
Indlela Yokulungiselela
1. Ukusetshenziswa Kwemithi Yokulwa Nokugabha Ama-Anticoagulant:
– I-Plasma itholakala ngokusebenzisa ama-anticoagulant afana ne-EDTA, i-heparin, noma i-sodium citrate, okuvimbela ukujiya kwegazi ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhlukaniswa.
– I-serum itholakala ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ama-anticoagulant futhi ihilela ukujiya kwegazi kwemvelo ngaphambi kokuhlukana.
2. Inqubo Yokucisha Ugesi:
– I-Plasma itholakala ngenqubo ye-centrifugation eqondile ngemva kokufakwa kwe-anticoagulant.
– I-serum itholakala nge-centrifugation ngemva kokuba igazi selijiyile futhi lakha i-stratum.
Ukuzinza kanye Nokugcina Isitoreji
– Ukuzinza:
– I-serum ibhekwa njengezinzile kakhulu kune-plasma ngoba ayinazo izinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi ezingashintsha futhi imelana nokushisa.
- Isitoreji:
– I-Plasma idinga ukugcinwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi futhi ngokuvamile idinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela ukuze kulondolozwe ukuzinza kwezinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi.
– I-serum ingagcinwa isikhathi eside emazingeni okushisa abandayo noma ngisho nasemakhazeni ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ubuqotho bayo.
Isiphetho
Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwe-plasma ne-serum kubalulekile emisebenzini yezokwelapha kanye nocwaningo lwesayensi. I-plasma idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqineni kwegazi kanye nokulawulwa kwengcindezi ye-osmotic kanye nomthamo wegazi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-serum isetshenziswa kabanzi ezivivinyweni zokuxilonga ngoba ayinazo izici zokujiya kwegazi, okuholela emiphumeleni eqinile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Zombili zinezisetshenziswa ezihlukile kodwa ezibalulekile ezimweni zezokwelapha nezelabhorethri. Ukwenza ngcono ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zingxenye ezimbili kungasiza kakhulu ekuxilongweni, ekwelapheni, kanye nasekucwaningweni kwezimo ezahlukene zezokwelapha. Ukuqonda kahle i-plasma ne-serum nakho kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokunakekelwa kwempilo kanye nokuqhubeka nokuthuthuka kocwaningo lwezokwelapha.
