Kungani i-Hypoxia Iyingozi Kubantu
I-Hypoxia yisimo esibucayi sezokwelapha esenzeka lapho umzimba, noma izingxenye zomzimba, zingatholi umoya-mpilo owanele ukuze zisebenze kahle. I-oksijini ibalulekile empilweni, futhi wonke amaseli emzimbeni womuntu ayayidinga ukuze isinde. Umzimba womuntu uguqukele ekusebenziseni umoya-mpilo ezinqubweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-metabolic ezikhiqiza amandla adingekayo ekusebenzeni kwamaseli, ukulungiswa kwezicubu, kanye nokusinda okuphelele. Lapho amazinga omoya-mpilo ehla kakhulu, umzimba uphendula ngochungechunge lwezinguquko ezingathinta kakhulu impilo. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokuthi kungani i-hypoxia iyingozi kubantu, okuhlanganisa nemiphumela yayo ezinhlelweni ezahlukene zomzimba, izimbangela ezingaba khona, kanye nezinyathelo ezingathathwa ukuvimbela nokwelapha lesi simo.
Kuyini i-Hypoxia?
I-Hypoxia yigama lezokwelapha elibhekisela ekuntulekeni komoya-mpilo ezicutshini zomzimba. Ihlukile ku-hypoxemia, okuyizinga eliphansi lomoya-mpilo egazini. I-Hypoxia ingabangelwa izici ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula, ukujikeleza kwegazi okungekuhle, i-anemia, noma ukuchayeka ezimweni ezithile zemvelo njengokuphakama okuphezulu. I-Hypoxia ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana, kuye ngembangela nendawo emzimbeni:
1. I-Hypoxia I-Hypoxia: Ibangelwa amazinga aphansi omoya-mpilo egazini lemithambo yegazi, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuntuleka komoya-mpilo endaweni ezungezile noma ukucindezeleka kokuphefumula.
2. I-Anemic Hypoxia: Kwenzeka lapho igazi lingakwazi ukuthwala umoya-mpilo owanele ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-hemoglobin, njengoba kubonakala ku-anemia.
3. I-Ischemic Hypoxia: Ibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kokugeleza kwegazi ezicutshini ezithile, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi.
4. I-Histotoxic Hypoxia: Kwenzeka lapho amangqamuzana omzimba engakwazi ukusebenzisa i-oxygen ngempumelelo, yize amazinga e-oxygen egazini ejwayelekile, njengoba kwenzeka kwezinye izinhlobo zamakhemikhali anobuthi.
Umphumela We-Hypoxia Emzimbeni
I-Hypoxia ingathinta cishe zonke izinqubo zomzimba ngoba zonke izicubu zidinga umoya-mpilo ukuze zisebenze. Imiphumela ingaba yimbi noma ibe yinde, kuye ngokuthi amazinga omoya-mpilo ehla ngokushesha kangakanani nokuthi lesi simo siqhubeka isikhathi esingakanani.
Isistimu Yezinzwa Ephakathi
Ubuchopho bungenye yezitho ezizwela kakhulu ku-hypoxia. Budinga cishe u-20% womthamo womoya-mpilo wonke womzimba. Uma ubuchopho buntula umoya-mpilo, izimpawu zokuqala zingafaka phakathi isiyezi, ukudideka, kanye nokukhubazeka kokuqonda. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, umuntu angaba nokulala, i-coma, noma ngisho nokufa kobuchopho. Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo isikhathi eside kungabangela umonakalo ongapheli ezicutshini zobuchopho kanye nezinkinga zemizwa zesikhathi eside.
Uhlelo Lwezinhliziyo
Inhliziyo idinga umoya-mpilo ukuze ipompe igazi emzimbeni wonke. Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo kungaphoqa inhliziyo ukuba isebenze kanzima ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zomzimba. Lokhu kungaholela ekukhuphukeni komfutho wegazi futhi, kwezinye izimo, ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo. I-Hypoxia ingabangela nokuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo, noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungajwayelekile, okungaba yingozi empilweni.
Uhlelo Lokuphefumula
Uhlelo lokuphefumula alugcini nje ngokuqoqa umoya-mpilo kodwa futhi lukhipha ne-carbon dioxide emzimbeni. Uma kwenzeka i-hypoxia, umzimba usabela ngokwandisa izinga lokuphefumula ukuze uzame ukungenisa umoya-mpilo owengeziwe. Lokhu kungaholela ekuphefumuleni ngokweqile, okungagcina kuphazamise ibhalansi ye-acid-base yomzimba futhi kubangele i-alkaliization yokuphefumula.
Uhlelo lwemisipha
Imisipha iphinde ithembele kakhulu ku-oxygen ukuze ikhiqize amandla ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi ukuphefumula kwamaseli. I-hypoxia ende ingabangela ukukhathala okusheshayo kwemisipha, ukuqaqamba kwamalunga, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, i-rhabdomyolysis, okungaholela ekulimaleni kwezinso ngenxa yokukhishwa kwe-myoglobin kusuka kuma-fiber emisipha eyonakele.
Umthelela ku-Fetus kanye nokukhulelwa
I-Hypoxia nayo iyingozi kakhulu kumntwana osakhula. Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo embungwini kungaholela ekubambezelekeni kokukhula, ukulimala kwezitho zomzimba, ngisho nokuphuphuma kwesisu. Kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, i-hypoxia ingandisa ingozi ye-preeclampsia nezinye izifo ezithinta impilo kamama nengane.
Izimbangela ze-Hypoxia
I-Hypoxia ingabangelwa yizimo nezinto ezahlukahlukene:
Izinkinga Zokuphefumula
Izimo ezifana ne-asthma, i-bronchitis engapheli, kanye nesifo samaphaphu esingapheli (i-COPD) zingavimba ukuhamba komoya futhi zehlise amazinga omoya-mpilo egazini. Ngokufanayo, izifo ezibukhali ezifana ne-pneumonia noma i-pulmonary embolism zingaphazamisa ukuhamba komoya-mpilo egazini.
I-anemia
I-anemia, noma amazinga aphansi e-hemoglobin egazini, anciphisa ikhono legazi lokuthwala umoya-mpilo. I-Hemoglobin iyiprotheni esemangqamuzaneni abomvu egazi enesibopho sokuthwala umoya-mpilo usuka emaphashini uye kuwo wonke umzimba.
Izinkinga Zokujikeleza Kwegazi
Izifo zenhliziyo ezifana nesifo semithambo yenhliziyo kanye nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo okubangelwa ukuminyana kunganciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi kanye nomoya-mpilo ezicutshini zomzimba. Ukuqhekeka kwegazi noma isifo sohlangothi nakho kungabangela ukuntuleka kwegazi emzimbeni ngokuvimbela ukugeleza kwegazi endaweni ethile.
I-Ketinggian
Ukuphakama okuphezulu kakhulu kungabangela i-hypoxia ngoba ingcindezi encane yomoya-mpilo emoyeni iyancipha. Abantu abangajwayelene nalokhu kuphakama bangaba nesifo sokuphakama, okuhlanganisa izimpawu ezifana nesicanucanu, ikhanda elibuhlungu, kanye nokukhathala.
Ubuthi
Ubuthi be-carbon monoxide buyimbangela ye-histotoxic hypoxia, lapho i-carbon monoxide ithatha indawo ye-oxygen ku-hemoglobin, inciphise i-oxygen etholakala ezicutshini zomzimba. Ubuthi obuvela kwamanye amakhemikhali, njenge-cyanide, buphinde buphazamise ikhono lamaseli lokusebenzisa i-oxygen.
Ukuvimbela Nokwelapha
Ukuvimbela i-hypoxia kuncike ekuphatheni isimo esiyisisekelo kanye nokugwema izici eziyingozi. Isibonelo, kubantu abanesifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona, ukulandela uhlelo lokwelashwa olufanele nokugwema izimbangela ezithile kungaba usizo kakhulu. Kulabo abahlala noma abaya ezindaweni eziphakeme, ukujwayela kancane kancane kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuvimbeleni ukugula okuphezulu.
Ukwelashwa kwe-hypoxia kuncike embangela kanye nobukhulu bayo. Izinyathelo ezivamile ezithathwayo ukulawula i-hypoxia zifaka:
1. I-Oxygen Engeziwe: Ukunikezwa kwe-oxygen ngemaski noma i-cannula yamakhala ukuze kwandiswe ukugcwala kwe-oxygen egazini.
2. Ukuphefumula Okwenziwa Ngomshini: Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungadingeka umshini wokuphefumula ukusiza isiguli ukuphefumula.
3. Ukwelashwa Kwezifo Eziyisisekelo: Ukuphatha izimo zezokwelapha ezifana ne-anemia, isifo senhliziyo, noma izinkinga zamaphaphu kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni izigameko eziphindaphindayo ze-hypoxia.
4. Ukululama Ekubuthweni: Ukunikezwa kokwelashwa nge-hyperbaric oxygen therapy noma imithi ethile yokwelapha ubuthi.
Isiphetho
I-Hypoxia yisimo esiyingozi esingaba nemiphumela emibi empilweni yabantu. Zonke izinhlelo emzimbeni wethu zidinga umoya-mpilo ukuze zisebenze kahle, futhi ukuntuleka kwawo kungabangela umonakalo ongenakulungiseka ngokushesha. Ukuqonda izimbangela, izimpawu, kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni nasekwelapheni i-hypoxia. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha kanye nokuphathwa kwezimo ezingaphansi, izimo eziningi ze-hypoxia zingaxazululwa ngaphambi kokuba zidale umonakalo omkhulu noma ukufa.
