Indlela Uhlelo Lwe-Endocrine Olulawula Ngayo I-Metabolism
I-Metabolism uchungechunge lwezindlela zamakhemikhali emzimbeni ezivumela amaseli ukuthola amandla, ukwakha nokulungisa izicubu, nokwenza eminye imisebenzi ebalulekile. Uhlelo lwe-endocrine ludlala indima ebalulekile kule nqubo ngokukhulula ama-hormone alawula izici ezahlukahlukene ze-metabolism. Kulesi sihloko, sizobuyekeza ukuthi uhlelo lwe-endocrine lusebenza kanjani nokuthi ama-hormone oluwakhiqizayo alawula kanjani i-metabolism.
Isingeniso kuhlelo lwe-Endocrine
Uhlelo lwe-endocrine luqukethe izindlala nezicubu ezikhiqiza ama-hormone. Izindlala eziyinhloko ohlelweni lwe-endocrine zifaka phakathi i-hypothalamus, i-pituitary gland, i-thyroid gland, izindlala ze-parathyroid, izindlala ze-adrenal, i-pancreas, ama-ovari kwabesifazane, kanye nama-testes kwabesilisa. Ngayinye yalezi zindlala ikhiqiza ama-hormone athile akhishwa ngqo egazini ukuze afinyelele amaseli noma izitho zawo eziqondiwe.
Ama-hormone asebenza njengezithunywa zamakhemikhali ezilawula imisebenzi eminingi yomzimba, okuhlanganisa ukukhula nentuthuko, ukugaya amandla, ukusebenza kocansi, ukuzala, ukulala, kanye nesimo sengqondo.
Ukulawulwa Kwe-Metabolism Yisistimu Ye-Endocrine
Indlala Yegilo kanye ne-Thyroxine
Enye yezindlala ezibaluleke kakhulu ekulawuleni i-metabolism yindlala yegilo. Le ndlala itholakala entanyeni futhi ikhiqiza ama-hormone egilo, aqukethe i-thyroxine (T4) kanye ne-triiodothyronine (T3).
Ama-hormone e-thyroid avuselela izinga lokuguqulwa kwe-metabolic (BMR), inani lamandla umzimba owadingayo lapho uphumule ukuze wenze imisebenzi eyisisekelo njengokuphefumula nokujikeleza kwegazi. I-Thyroxine yandisa izinga lokuguqulwa kwe-metabolic ngokwandisa ukusetshenziswa komoya-mpilo ngamaseli omzimba nokukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kokushisa. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu abanamazinga aphezulu e-thyroid hormone bavame ukuba nezinga lokuguqulwa kwe-metabolic elisheshayo namandla engeziwe, kuyilapho labo abanamazinga aphansi e-thyroid hormone bevame ukuba nezinga lokuguqulwa kwe-metabolic elihamba kancane futhi bangase bazuze isisindo.
I-Pancreas kanye ne-Insulin
I-pancreas ingenye ingxenye ebalulekile ehileleke kakhulu ekulawuleni i-metabolism, ikakhulukazi i-metabolism ye-glucose. Ikhiqiza ama-hormone i-insulin ne-glucagon. I-insulin ikhishwa lapho amazinga kashukela egazini (i-glucose) ekhuphuka, isibonelo ngemva kokudla. I-insulin isiza amangqamuzana ukuthi athathe i-glucose egazini ukuze isetshenziswe njengomthombo wamandla noma igcinwe njenge-glycogen esibindini nasemisipheni ukuze isetshenziswe kamuva.
Ngokukhethekile, i-insulini isebenza ngokwandisa ukungena kwe-membrane yamaseli ku-glucose, okuvumela i-glucose ukuthi ingene emangqamuzaneni. Ngakho-ke, i-insulini yehlisa amazinga kashukela egazini. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, abangakhiqizi i-insulini eyanele, noma isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2, abamelana ne-insulini, banenkinga yokulawula amazinga kashukela egazini labo, okungaholela ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene ze-metabolic.
Izindlala ze-Adrenal kanye ne-Cortisol
Izindlala ze-adrenal, ezitholakala ngaphezu kwezinso, zikhiqiza ama-hormone ahlukahlukene athinta i-metabolism. Elinye lama-hormone ayinhloko akhiqizwayo yi-cortisol, ekhishwa ngenxa yokucindezeleka kanye namazinga aphansi kashukela egazini.
I-Cortisol isiza ekwandiseni amazinga kashukela egazini ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi i-gluconeogenesis, lapho umzimba ukhiqiza khona i-glucose evela kumaprotheni namafutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-cortisol ilawula ukusebenza kwamafutha namaprotheni. Isibonelo, i-cortisol yandisa ukuwohloka kwamaprotheni emisipheni ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-amino acid, angaguqulwa abe yi-glucose.
I-Hypothalamus kanye ne-Pituitary Gland
I-hypothalamus kanye ne-pituitary gland ebuchosheni zisebenza njengezikhungo eziyinhloko zokuxhumanisa uhlelo lwe-endocrine. I-hypothalamus ithumela izimpawu endlaleni ye-pituitary ukuze ikhulule noma icindezele ama-hormone athile, abese elawula amanye ama-endocrine gland. Isibonelo, i-hypothalamus ikhipha i-thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), evuselela i-pituitary gland ukuthi ikhulule i-thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). I-TSH bese isebenza endlaleni ye-thyroid ukuze ikhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone e-thyroid.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hypothalamus iphinde ilawule i-corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), evuselela i-pituitary gland ukuthi ikhiphe i-adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), bese ivuselela i-adrenal glands ukuthi ikhiqize i-cortisol. Lolu hlelo lokuphendula luqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga e-hormone egazini ahlala elinganisela futhi efanelekile ezidingweni zomzimba.
I-hormone yokukhula
I-Growth hormone (GH) ikhiqizwa yi-pituitary gland futhi inomthelela omkhulu ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni, kanye nasekusetshenzisweni kwe-metabolism. I-GH ivuselela ukukhula kwemisipha namathambo futhi ikhulisa ukuwohloka kwamafutha ukuze kube namandla. I-GH futhi inemiphumela ye-anabolic, okusho ukuthi isheshisa ukwakheka kwamaprotheni nokukhula kwamaseli.
Ngesikhathi sobuntwana kanye nentsha, i-GH ibalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni ngokomzimba. Kwabantu abadala, i-GH isiza ekugcineni imisipha kanye nokuqina kwamathambo futhi ihilelekile ekulawuleni ukwakheka komzimba kanye ne-metabolism.
Ama-hormone ocansi
Ama-ovari kwabesifazane kanye nama-testes kwabesilisa nawo adlala indima ekusetshenzisweni kwezakhi zofuzo ngokukhiqizwa kwama-hormone ocansi njenge-estrogen, i-progesterone, kanye ne-testosterone. Lawa ma-hormone awagcini nje ngokulawula ukusebenza kokuzala kodwa futhi athinta nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Kwabesifazane, i-estrogen isiza ekulawuleni ukusatshalaliswa kwamafutha emzimbeni futhi ithonya nokuzwela kwe-insulin, ngaleyo ndlela ithinte i-glucose metabolism. I-progesterone ingakhuphula izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliyisisekelo futhi ithinte i-metabolism.
Kwabesilisa, i-testosterone ivuselela ukukhula kwemisipha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamaprotheni emzimbeni, futhi ikhulisa ukushiswa kwamafutha, ngaleyo ndlela ithinta ukwakheka komzimba.
Ama-hormone e-Leptin ne-Ghrelin
I-Leptin kanye ne-ghrelin ama-hormone akhiqizwa yizicubu zamafutha kanye nesisu adlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni isifiso sokudla kanye namandla. I-Leptin inika ubuchopho isibonakaliso sokunciphisa isifiso sokudla lapho amafutha egciniwe anele. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-ghrelin yandisa isifiso sokudla ngokubonisa ubuchopho lapho isisu singenalutho.
Ukulawulwa kwala ma-hormone kungathinta isisindo somzimba kanye nokwakheka komzimba. Ukumelana ne-leptin, isibonelo, kungaholela ekukhuluphaleni ngoba ubuchopho abutholi isignali yokuyeka ukudla yize amafutha omzimba anele.
Isiphetho
Uhlelo lwe-endocrine ludlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni zonke izici ze-metabolism. Kusukela ekulawuleni amazinga kashukela egazini nge-insulin kanye ne-glucagon kuya ekuguquleni i-basal metabolism ngama-hormone e-thyroid, i-hormone ngayinye isebenza ngokuvumelana ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umzimba usebenza kahle. Ukuphazamiseka ekusebenzeni kwesistimu ye-endocrine kungaholela ezinkingeni ezahlukene zempilo, okuhlanganisa isifo sikashukela, i-hypothyroidism, kanye ne-metabolic syndrome.
Ukuqonda ukuthi uhlelo lwe-endocrine lulawula kanjani i-metabolism akubalulekile nje kuphela ekuqondeni i-physiology yabantu kodwa futhi kunikeza ukuqonda kokuthi ukungenelela kwezokwelapha kanye nezinguquko zendlela yokuphila kungasetshenziswa kanjani ukuphatha izimo ze-metabolism. Ngocwaningo olwengeziwe kanye nemfundo eqhubekayo, singathuthukisa indlela yethu yokuphila kwe-metabolism iyonke.
