Ukubaluleka Kwensimbi Ekukhiqizweni Kwe-Hemoglobin
I-iron iyiminerali ebalulekile evame ukunganakwa, naphezu kwendima yayo ebalulekile emzimbeni. Omunye wemisebenzi yayo ebaluleke kakhulu ukusekela ukukhiqizwa kwe-hemoglobin, ingxenye eyinhloko yamaseli abomvu egazi anesibopho sokuthutha umoya-mpilo. Ngaphandle kokungenisa i-iron eyanele, inqubo yokwakheka kwe-hemoglobin ingaphazamiseka, okuholela ekusabalaleni kwe-oxygen okungekuhle kuzo zonke izicubu zomzimba. Ngenxa yalokho, umzimba uyakhathala kalula, ube nobunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo, futhi uthambekele ekubeni ne-anemia. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngokugcwele ngokuthi kungani i-iron ibaluleke kangaka ekukhiqizweni kwe-hemoglobin, ukuthi isebenza kanjani, nokuthi ingahlangabezana kanjani nezidingo ze-iron zansuku zonke.
Ukuqonda i-Hemoglobin kanye nemisebenzi yayo
I-Hemoglobin iyiprotheni eyinkimbinkimbi etholakala kumaseli abomvu egazi (ama-erythrocyte). Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukubopha umoya-mpilo ovela emaphashini bese uwuthutha wonke umzimba, bese uthutha i-carbon dioxide esuka ezicutshini uyibuyisele emaphashini ukuze ikhishwe. I-Hemoglobin idlala indima ekugcineni ibhalansi ye-pH yegazi. Ngenxa yokuthi i-hemoglobin ihlobene ngqo nokuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo, amazinga e-hemoglobin anele abalulekile emandleni, ekukhuthazeleni, ekusebenzeni kobuchopho, ngisho nasekusebenzeni ngokomzimba.
I-Hemoglobin yakhiwe yizingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko: ingxenye yephrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-globin kanye nengxenye engeyona iphrotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-heme. Ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo se-heme kukhona i-athomu yensimbi (i-Fe), eyisihluthulelo sekhono le-hemoglobin lokubopha umoya-mpilo. Yingakho insimbi ibalulekile ekwakhekeni kwe-hemoglobin. Ukuntuleka kwensimbi kunganciphisa amazinga e-hemoglobin futhi kunciphise ikhono legazi lokuthwala umoya-mpilo.
Indima Yensimbi Ekukhiqizweni Kwe-Hemoglobin
Insimbi isebenza "njengomgogodla" esakhiweni se-heme. I-molecule ngayinye ye-hemoglobin iqukethe amaqembu amane e-heme, kanti i-heme ngayinye iqukethe i-athomu eyodwa yensimbi engabopha i-molecule eyodwa ye-oxygen. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-athomu amane ensimbi ku-hemoglobin avumela i-molecule eyodwa ye-hemoglobin ukuthi ithwale ama-molecule amane e-oxygen. Ngaphandle kwensimbi, i-hemoglobin ayikwazi ukwakheka kahle, okuholela kumaseli egazi abomvu amancane, akhanyayo, uphawu lwe-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi.
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-hemoglobin kwenzeka ikakhulukazi emnkantsheni wethambo, lapho kwenzeka khona ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Le nqubo idinga izinto zokusetshenziswa ezanele, okuhlanganisa i-iron, i-vitamin B12, i-folate, iphrotheni, kanye nokusekelwa kwe-hormone i-erythropoietin. Kodwa-ke, i-iron idlala indima eqondile kakhulu ekwakhekeni kwe-heme, ngakho-ke ukutholakala kwayo kuyisici esinqumayo.
Umzimba Ulawula Kanjani I-Iron?
Umzimba womuntu unesimiso sokulawula esiqinile sensimbi. Ngokungafani nezinye izimbiwa, insimbi ayikhishwa kalula ngumzimba. Ngakho-ke, umzimba ulawula ukumuncwa kwensimbi ngamathumbu, ikakhulukazi e-duodenum. Uma izidingo zensimbi zanda, umzimba uzokwandisa ukumuncwa; ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma izitolo zensimbi zanele, ukumuncwa kuzoncishiswa.
Insimbi engena emzimbeni ithuthwa yi-protein transferrin egazini iye ezicutshini ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi umnkantsha, ukuze kwakheke i-hemoglobin. Imithombo yensimbi egciniwe igcinwa ngesimo se-ferritin, ikakhulukazi esibindini, esibindini, nasemnkantsha. Lapho ukungenisa insimbi kuncipha, umzimba usebenzisa imithombo ye-ferritin ukuze ugcine ukukhiqizwa kwe-hemoglobin. Kodwa-ke, uma imithombo inciphile futhi ukungenisa kuhlala kuphansi, i-anemia ingenzeka.
Umphumela Wokuntuleka Kwensimbi Ku-Hemoglobin
Ukuntuleka kwensimbi kuyimbangela evame kakhulu ye-anemia emhlabeni jikelele. Uma umzimba ungenayo insimbi, ukukhiqizwa kwe-hemoglobin kuyancipha, okuvimbela amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ukuthi athwale umoya-mpilo ngempumelelo. Izimpawu ezivamile zifaka phakathi ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka, isiyezi, isikhumba esikhanyayo, ukuphelelwa umoya ngesikhathi somsebenzi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, kanye nobunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo. Ezinganeni, ukuntuleka kwensimbi kungaphazamisa nokukhula kwengqondo kanye nokusebenza kwesistimu yomzimba.
Amaqembu asengozini enkulu yokuntuleka kwensimbi ahlanganisa abesifazane abakhulelwe, izingane ezisakhula, amantombazane asebasha, kanye nalabo abanenkinga yokopha okungapheli, njengezinkinga zokuya esikhathini noma ukugaya ukudla. Abesifazane abakhulelwe banezidingo ezengeziwe zensimbi ukuze basekele ukwanda kwegazi likamama kanye nokukhula komntwana osanda kuzalwa. Ukuntuleka kwensimbi eyanele kwandisa ingozi ye-anemia ehlobene nokukhulelwa, okungathinta impilo kamama nengane.
Umphumela Wensimbi Eningi
Nakuba ukuntuleka kwensimbi kuyinkinga enkulu, ukugcwala kwensimbi nakho kudinga ukunakwa. Insimbi eningi kakhulu ingaqongelela ezithweni ezifana nesibindi nenhliziyo, okubangela ukulimala kwezicubu. Lesi simo singabangelwa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezithako zokudla noma izifo zofuzo ezifana ne-hemochromatosis. Ngakho-ke, ukwengezwa kwensimbi kufanele kusekelwe ezidingweni zakho kanye nezincomo zochwepheshe bezempilo, ikakhulukazi uma kungekho zimpawu ze-anemia.
Imithombo Yensimbi Ekudleni
Ukuze kusekelwe ukukhiqizwa kwe-hemoglobin, ukukhetha imithombo yensimbi efanele kubalulekile. Insimbi ekudleni ihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: i-heme kanye ne-non-heme. Insimbi ye-heme ivela emikhiqizweni yezilwane futhi imuncwa kalula ngumzimba. Okwamanje, insimbi engeyona i-heme ivela emithonjeni yezitshalo futhi ukumuncwa kwayo kuthintwa yizici ezahlukahlukene.
Imithombo yensimbi ye-heme ihlanganisa inyama ebomvu, isibindi, inkukhu, inhlanzi, kanye nokudla kwasolwandle. Imithombo yensimbi engeyona i-heme ihlanganisa isipinashi, ubhontshisi, i-tempeh, i-tofu, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, kanye nokusanhlamvu okuqinisiwe. Nakuba insimbi engeyona i-heme kunzima kakhulu ukuyimunca, ukusetshenziswa okwanele kuhlanganiswe namasu okuthuthukisa ukumunca kungasiza ukuhlangabezana nezidingo.
Indlela Yokwandisa Ukumuncwa Kwensimbi
Ukuze insimbi esetshenziswayo isekele ngempumelelo ukukhiqizwa kwe-hemoglobin, ukumuncwa kumele kube ngcono kakhulu. I-Vitamin C yaziwa ngokuthuthukisa ukumuncwa kwensimbi engeyona i-heme. Isibonelo, dla isipinashi noma ubhontshisi namawolintshi, utamatisi, noma i-guava. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ezinye izinto zingavimbela ukumuncwa kwensimbi, njenge-tannins etiyeni nasekofini, kanye nenani elikhulu le-calcium uma isetshenziswa nemithombo yensimbi.
Amasu okucubungula ukudla nawo adlala indima. Ukupheka imifino ethile kunganciphisa izinto ezivimbelayo njenge-phytate noma i-oxalate. Ukubilisa, njengakwi-tempeh, kungandisa nokutholakala kwensimbi. Ngokuhlanganiswa okufanele kwemithombo yokudla, umzimba ungathola insimbi ngempumelelo enkulu.
Izidingo Zensimbi Zansuku Zonke Nokuvimbela I-Anemia
Izidingo zensimbi zansuku zonke ziyahlukahluka kuye ngobudala, ubulili, kanye nesimo somzimba. Ngokuvamile, abesifazane abaseminyakeni yokuzala badinga insimbi eningi kunabesilisa ngenxa yokulahlekelwa igazi ngesikhathi sokuya esikhathini. Abesifazane abakhulelwe badinga okungaphezu kwalokho. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukugcina ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuhlola amazinga e-hemoglobin uma uzizwa ukhathele njalo, bese ubonana nodokotela uma kusolwa ukuthi une-anemia.
I-anemia yokuntuleka kwensimbi ingavinjelwa ngokudla ukudla okune-iron eningi, ukunaka inhlanganisela yokudla ukuze kufakwe kahle, kanye nokuhlolwa njalo kwamaqembu asengozini. Uma kudingeka, udokotela angancoma izithasiselo, kodwa umthamo kanye nokuqapha okufanele kubalulekile.
Isiphetho
I-iron idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-hemoglobin kanye nekhono legazi lokuthutha umoya-mpilo. Ngaphandle kwe-iron eyanele, umzimba awukwazi ukukhiqiza i-hemoglobin ngendlela efanele, okuholela ekunciphiseni amandla kanye nengozi ye-anemia. Ngokuqonda umsebenzi we-iron, imithombo yayo yokudla, kanye nendlela yokwandisa ukumuncwa kwayo, singagcina amazinga e-hemoglobin ajwayelekile futhi sisekele impilo iyonke. Ukugcina ukudla okwanele kwe-iron akukhona nje ukuvimbela ukukhathala, kodwa futhi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke iseli emzimbeni ithola umoya-mpilo eliwudingayo ukuze lisebenze kahle.
