Indima Yefiziksi Kwezokwelapha
I-physics, njengegatsha lesayensi yemvelo, idlala indima ebalulekile kakhulu ezicini ezahlukene zokuphila komuntu. Kwezokwelapha, i-physics yenza iminikelo ebalulekile ngokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqonda okujulile kwezinqubo zomzimba ezenzeka emzimbeni. Lesi sihloko sizochaza izindlela ezahlukene i-physics enikela ngazo kwezokwelapha, kusukela ekuxilongweni kuya ekwelashweni, kanye nokubaluleka kokuqonda i-physics ocwaningweni lwezokwelapha.
Izithombe Zezokwelapha
Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokusebenzisa i-physics kwezokwelapha isekuthathweni kwezithombe zezokwelapha. Ubuchwepheshe bokuthwebula izithombe zezokwelapha buthembele ezimisweni ze-physics ukuthola izithombe zesakhiwo somzimba kanye nomsebenzi womzimba womuntu ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuhlinzwa. Ezinye izibonelo zobuchwepheshe bokuthwebula izithombe zezokwelapha ezidumile nezibalulekile zifaka:
1. I-X-ray (i-X-ray)
I-X-ray isebenzisa ama-X-ray ukukhiqiza izithombe zangaphakathi lomzimba. Ama-X-ray awuhlobo lwemisebe kagesi enamaza amafushane kakhulu angangena ezintweni ezithambile njengezicubu zomzimba kodwa hhayi ezintweni eziqinile njengethambo. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-X-ray ekuxilongweni kwezokwelapha kuvumela odokotela ukuthi babone isakhiwo samathambo, bathole ukwaphuka, noma bahlole isimo samaphaphu nezinye izitho.
2. I-CT Scan (i-Computed Tomography)
I-CT scan iwukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwe-radiography, kusetshenziswa uchungechunge lwezithombe ze-radiographic ezivela emakhoneni amaningi ukudala isithombe somzimba esingu-3D. Le ndlela ivumela odokotela ukuthola izithombe ezinemininingwane eminingi yezitho zangaphakathi, ukuthola izimila, ukopha ebuchosheni, noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha.
3. I-MRI (Umfanekiso Wokuzwakala Kwe-Magnetic)
I-MRI isebenzisa insimu enamandla yamagnetic kanye namagagasi omsakazo ukukhiqiza izithombe zangaphakathi lomzimba. Ubuchwepheshe be-MRI buwusizo kakhulu ekubukeni izakhiwo zezicubu ezithambile ezinemininingwane efana nobuchopho, umgogodla, inhliziyo, kanye nemisipha. Enye yezinzuzo ze-MRI yikhono layo lokukhiqiza izithombe ezinekhwalithi ephezulu ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imisebe ye-ionizing, okwenza kube kuphephile ezigulini.
4. I-Ultrasonography
I-Ultrasound isebenzisa amaza omsindo avame kakhulu ukukhiqiza izithombe. Lobu buchwepheshe buvame ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ukuqapha ukukhula kombungu, kodwa futhi busetshenziselwa ukuhlola izitho zangaphakathi njengesibindi, izinso, nenhliziyo. Isimiso esiyisisekelo se-ultrasound ukuthumela amaza omsindo emzimbeni bese kubanjwa amaza omsindo abonakalayo ukuze kwakhiwe isithombe.
Ukwelashwa ngemisebe
I-physics nayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekwelashweni komdlavuza nge-radiotherapy. I-Radiotherapy isebenzisa imisebe eyi-ionizing, njenge-X-ray, imisebe ye-gamma, noma izinhlayiya ezisheshayo, ukubulala amangqamuzana omdlavuza. Le nqubo idinga ukuqonda okujulile ukusebenzisana kwemisebe nezinto eziphilayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umthamo wemisebe ubhubhisa ngempumelelo amangqamuzana omdlavuza ngenkathi kunciphisa umonakalo ezicutshini ezizungezile ezinempilo.
Ososayensi bezokwelapha basebenzisana eduze nodokotela bezifo zomdlavuza ukuhlela nokunikeza umthamo wemisebe ofanele wesiguli ngasinye. Basebenzisa amasu anjenge-Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) kanye ne-Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) ukuze banikeze umthamo wemisebe oqondiswe kakhulu.
Ukuqonda Izindlela Zokusebenza Koketshezi Ohlelweni Lokujikeleza Kwegazi
Uhlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi lomuntu luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi ukuqonda indlela esebenza ngayo uketshezi kubalulekile kwezokwelapha ekuhlaziyeni ukugeleza kwegazi. Umfutho wegazi, ijubane lokugeleza kwegazi, kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwegazi nezindonga zemithambo yegazi konke kuthonywa yizimiso zendlela esebenza ngayo uketshezi.
Lokhu kuqonda kubalulekile ekwakhiweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamadivayisi ezokwelapha afana nama-catheter, ama-stents, namadivayisi enhliziyo okwenziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulingisa kwekhompyutha okusekelwe ezimisweni ze-fluid mechanics kusetshenziselwa ukubikezela ukuthi izinguquko kumapharamitha athile, njengokuncishiswa kwemithambo yegazi, zizothinta kanjani ukugeleza kwegazi kanye nomfutho wegazi.
I-Biophotonics kanye nokwelashwa nge-laser
I-physics nayo yavula indlela yokusetshenziswa kwe-laser kwezokwelapha. Ukwelashwa nge-laser sekuyindlela ethandwayo yezinqubo ezahlukene zezokwelapha, kusukela ekuhlinzeni amehlo kuya ekwelapheni isikhumba. I-laser inikeza inzuzo yokuba nemininingwane eqondile, okuvumela odokotela ukuthi benze ukuhlinzwa ngaphandle komonakalo omkhulu ezicutshini ezinempilo.
I-Biophotonics, isifundo sokusebenzisana phakathi kwezicubu zokukhanya nezebhayoloji, nayo ineqhaza elibalulekile kubuchwepheshe bokuxilonga. Isibonelo, amasu afana ne-Raman spectroscopy angasetshenziswa ukuxilonga izimo zesikhumba noma zezicubu ngaphandle kwesidingo se-biopsy ehlaselayo.
Ukuhlolwa Nokuhlolwa Kwezokwelapha
Ngaphandle kokuthwebula izithombe nokwelapha, i-physics isetshenziswa kabanzi nakwamanye amathuluzi okuxilonga. Ama-Electrocardiogram (ECG) kanye nama-electroencephalogram (EEG) amadivayisi asetshenziselwa ukuqapha umsebenzi kagesi wenhliziyo nobuchopho. Womabili la madivayisi asebenza ngokusekelwe ezimisweni ze-physics kagesi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwamaphaphu nge-spirometer kusebenzisa isimiso somzimba esilinganisa umthamo womoya ophefumulwayo nokhishwayo. Leli thuluzi libalulekile ekuxilongweni nasekuphathweni kwezifo zamaphaphu ezifana ne-asthma kanye nesifo samaphaphu esingamahlalakhona (i-COPD).
Izifundo kanye nocwaningo lwe-Biomechanics
I-Biomechanics iwucwaningo oluhlanganisa izimiso ze-mechanics ne-biology ukuze kuqondwe ukunyakaza namandla emzimbeni womuntu. Ucwaningo lwe-biomechanics lunikeza ukuqonda okujulile ngezimo ezahlukahlukene zezokwelapha ezifana nokuphazamiseka kwemisipha, ukulimala kwezemidlalo, kanye nokuvuselelwa.
Ngokusebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kokunyakaza namandla, ososayensi nodokotela bangakha amadivayisi okusiza njenge-prostheses, i-orthoses, kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokuvuselela obuklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila kweziguli. Ukulingisa ngekhompyutha kanye namamodeli ezibalo e-biomechanics nakho kusetshenziselwa ukuklama nokuhlola imishini yezokwelapha kanye nezinqubo zokuhlinzwa.
Ukubaluleka Kwemfundo Ehlanganisa Imikhakha Ehlukahlukene Nokubambisana
Ukuqonda i-physics yezokwelapha kanye ne-radiology kubalulekile kochwepheshe bezempilo. Izinhlelo eziqinile zemfundo nokuqeqesha odokotela, abahlengikazi, kanye nochwepheshe bezokwelapha zibalulekile ukuze kwandiswe izinzuzo zalobu buchwepheshe. Ukubambisana phakathi kwezazi zefiziksi, onjiniyela, kanye nochwepheshe bezokwelapha kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe obusha bezokwelapha kanye nokuqonda kangcono izimo zezempilo zomphakathi.
Isiphetho
I-physics idlala indima ebalulekile kwezokwelapha. Kusukela kubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokuthwebula izithombe obuvumela ukuxilonga okufika ngesikhathi nangokunembile kuya ekwelashweni okusebenzisa imisebe nama-laser, i-physics isiza ekuhlinzekeni ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okungcono kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqonda okujulile nge-fluid mechanics, i-biomechanics, kanye ne-biophotonics kusenza sikwazi ukuthuthukisa amathuluzi namasu amasha angathuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila kweziguli. Ukubambisana phakathi kososayensi be-physics nochwepheshe bezokwelapha kuyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa nokusebenzisa intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kwezokwelapha njalo. Ngakho-ke, i-physics akuyona nje isayensi eyisisekelo ebalulekile kodwa futhi iyinsika ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwempilo kanye nezokwelapha.
