Ukudonswa Komhlaba Okudonsela Phansi
Amandla adonsela phansi angenye yamandla ayisisekelo kakhulu endaweni yonke. Nakuba engabonakali, imiphumela yawo izwakala ngaso sonke isikhathi: izinto ziwela phansi, amanzi ageleza aye ezindaweni eziphansi, futhi singama siqonde ngaphandle kokuntanta emoyeni. Phakathi kwemithombo ehlukahlukene yamandla adonsela phansi, ohlobene kakhulu nokuphila kwabantu ukudonswa kwamandla adonsela phansi koMhlaba. La mandla agcina abantu, izilwane, izitshalo, izilwandle, kanye nomkhathi kunamathele kule planethi, futhi alawula nokunyakaza kwezinto eziningi ezizungeze uMhlaba, kufaka phakathi amasathelayithi okwenziwa.
Ukuqonda amandla adonsela phansi
Kalula nje, ukukhanga kwamandla adonsela phansi amandla adonsela izinto ngobuningi komunye nomunye. Ngenxa yokuthi uMhlaba unesisindo esikhulu kangaka, udonsa konke okuzungezile uye enkabeni yawo. Lokhu kukhanga kusebenza kuzo zonke izinto: amatshe, amanzi, umzimba womuntu, ngisho nomoya. Uma isisindo sento sikhulu, kulapho amandla ayo adonsela phansi eba makhulu khona.
Lo mqondo uchazwa ngokwesayensi ngomthetho wamandla adonsela phansi omhlaba wonke, owathandwa ngu-Isaac Newton. Ngokomgomo kaNewton, amandla adonsela phansi phakathi kwezinto ezimbili ancike ebuningini bazo kanye nebanga eliphakathi kwazo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uMhlaba uyasidonsela ngenxa yobukhulu bawo, futhi nathi sidonsela uMhlaba, kodwa amandla ethu mancane kakhulu kangangokuthi awabonakali nsuku zonke.
Kungani izinto ziwela phansi?
Uma into ikhishwa esandleni, izohamba "phansi," okungukuthi, iye enkabeni yoMhlaba. Ukuthi phansi akuyona indlela efanayo yonke indawo uma ibukwa usemkhathini; elithi "phansi" lisho njalo ukuya enkabeni yeplanethi. Yingakho abantu ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zoMhlaba besazizwa sengathi bame phezu komhlaba, hhayi bebheke phansi noma bewela emkhathini.
Esinye isici esibalulekile ukusheshisa kwamandla adonsela phansi. Eduze kobuso boMhlaba, into ewayo ithola ukusheshisa okungaba ngu-9,8 m/s². Lokhu kusho ukuthi njalo ngomzuzwana ijubane lento likhuphuka cishe ngamamitha angu-9,8 ngomzuzwana (uma ukumelana nomoya kunganakwa). Yingakho izinto eziwayo zishesha zize zishaye phansi.
Amandla adonsela phansi, isisindo, kanye nobunzima: kuvame ukudideka
Empilweni yansuku zonke, abantu abaningi bafanisa “isisindo” “nobunzima”, yize lokhu kokubili kuhlukile.
– Isisindo yinani lezinto entweni. Isisindo asishintshi ngisho noma into ithuthelwa kwenye indawo.
– Isisindo amandla adonsela phansi asebenza esisindo. Isisindo sincike ekusheshiseni okubangelwa amandla adonsela phansi.
Ifomula elula evame ukusetshenziswa yile:
Isisindo (W) = isisindo (m) × ukusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi (g)
Uma umuntu enesisindo esingama-50 kg eMhlabeni, isisindo sakhe singaba ngu-50 × 9,8 = ama-newton angu-490. Uma lowo muntu ebeseNyangeni, ukusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi bekuyoba kuncane, ngakho isisindo sakhe besiyoba sincane kakhulu—yize isisindo sakhe besiyoba ngu-50 kg.
Kungani amandla adonsela phansi oMhlaba engafani yonke indawo?
Nakuba ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokungaguquguquki, amandla adonsela phansi oMhlaba empeleni ayahlukahluka kancane kuye ngendawo. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu:
1. Ukuma koMhlaba akusiyindilinga ngokuphelele
Umhlaba "uvuvukele" kancane enkabazwe futhi uyisicaba kakhulu ezinsikeni. Ngenxa yalokho, ibanga ukusuka kumuntu osenkabazwe kuya enkabeni yoMhlaba lide kancane kunomuntu osezinsikeni, ngakho-ke amandla adonsela phansi awo mancane kancane.
2. Ukujikeleza komhlaba
Umhlaba ujikeleza ku-axis yawo. Lokhu kuzungeza kunomphumela wokunciphisa amandla asebenzayo aya enkabeni, ikakhulukazi ku-equator. Ngakho-ke, isisindo sento e-equator sincane kancane kunesezinsikeni.
3. Ukuphakama kwendawo
Uma indawo iphakeme ngaphezu kolwandle, kulapho ikude khona nesikhungo soMhlaba, ngakho-ke amandla adonsela phansi ayancipha kancane. Ngakho-ke, amandla adonsela phansi esiqongweni sentaba aphansi kunalawo asezingeni lolwandle.
4. Ukusatshalaliswa kobunzima ngaphakathi koMhlaba
Umhlaba awunawo ubuningi obufanayo ngokuphelele. Umehluko ekwakhiweni kwamadwala, ezintabeni, ngisho nasezindaweni eziphansi kungabangela umehluko omncane ekudonseleni amandla endaweni.
Lo mehluko awubonakali kakhulu emisebenzini yansuku zonke, kodwa ubalulekile ekulinganisweni kwesayensi, imephu ye-geophysical, kanye nokuzulazula ngokunemba.
Indima yamandla adonsela phansi oMhlaba empilweni
Ngaphandle kwamandla adonsela phansi oMhlaba anamandla anele, impilo njengoba siyazi cishe ibingeke ibe khona. Nazi ezinye zezindima zayo ezibalulekile:
- Ukugcina umoya
Amandla adonsela phansi agcina amagesi afana nomoya-mpilo kanye ne-nitrogen elenga eMhlabeni. Ngaphandle komkhathi, amazinga okushisa abe aphezulu kakhulu, bekungeke kube khona umoya ophefumulayo, futhi ukuvikelwa emisebeni yelanga bekuzoncishiswa.
- Kugcina amanzi phezu kwamanzi
Izilwandle, amachibi, imifula, ngisho namanzi angaphansi komhlaba konke "kuphethwe" amandla adonsela phansi. Ukube amandla adonsela phansi abebuthakathaka kakhulu, amanzi abengabalekela kalula emkhathini, ikakhulukazi esikhathini eside.
- Kusiza umjikelezo wamanzi
Imvula iyana ngoba amandla adonsela phansi adonsela amaconsi amanzi phansi. Imifula nayo igeleza iye olwandle ngoba amandla adonsela phansi adonsela amanzi ezindaweni eziphansi.
- Ukwakha isakhiwo somzimba wezinto eziphilayo
Umzimba womuntu uye wazivumelanisa namandla adonsela phansi oMhlaba eminyakeni eyizigidi. Amathambo, imisipha, kanye nohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi kusebenza ngaphansi kwalezi zimo. Yingakho osomkhathi emkhathini bezwa izinguquko zomzimba njengokuncipha kwesisindo semisipha kanye nokuqina kwamathambo.
Amandla adonsela phansi kanye nokujikeleza: kungani amasathelayithi engawi?
Kungase kubonakale kungavamile: uma amandla adonsela phansi oMhlaba edonsela phansi konke, kungani amasathelayithi ehlala "entanta" emkhathini? Amasathelayithi ahlala ewela eMhlabeni, kodwa futhi anejubane eliphakeme kakhulu elivundlile. Ngenxa yalokho, amasathelayithi ahambisana nokugoba koMhlaba, akha imijikelezo.
Ngamanye amazwi, umjikelezo uwumphumela wokulinganisela phakathi:
– amandla adonsela phansi adonsela isathelayithi eMhlabeni, kanye
– ijubane eliqondile eligcina isathelayithi iqhubekela phambili.
Isimiso esifanayo sichaza nokunyakaza kweNyanga ezungeza uMhlaba kanye noMhlaba ozungeza iLanga.
Ithonya lamandla adonsela phansi ezintweni ezenzeka eMhlabeni
Amandla adonsela phansi oMhlaba nawo athonya izenzakalo eziningi zemvelo, isibonelo:
- Ulwandle
Amagagasi athonywa kakhulu amandla adonsela phansi eNyanga kanye neLanga eMhlabeni, kodwa amandla adonsela phansi oMhlaba asadlala indima ngoba amanzi "aboshelwe" eplanethini futhi ahamba ngokulandela amandla adonsela phansi alezi zidalwa zasezulwini.
– Ukudilika komhlaba kanye nokuwa kwamatshe
Amandla adonsela phansi adonsela phansi inhlabathi namatshe. Lapho imithambeka iba mide kakhulu noma inhlabathi ilahlekelwa amandla ayo okubopha, amandla adonsela phansi abangela ukunyakaza okukhulu.
- Umfutho womoya kanye nesimo sezulu
Umkhathi ubanjwa amandla adonsela phansi, okudala ingcindezi. Umehluko ekucindezelweni kanye nasezingeni lokushisa ube usuthonya ukwakheka kwemimoya kanye namaphethini esimo sezulu.
Amandla adonsela phansi ekubukeni kwesimanje
UNewton wachaza amandla adonsela phansi njengamandla okukhanga phakathi kwezinto eziningi. Kodwa-ke, ku-physics yanamuhla, ikakhulukazi ngombono ka-Albert Einstein wokuhlobana okujwayelekile, amandla adonsela phansi aqondwa njengomphumela wokugoba kwesikhala-isikhathi okubangelwa ubunzima namandla. Umhlaba "ugoba" isikhala-isikhathi esiwuzungezile, futhi izinto zihamba ngokwalokho kugoba. Nakuba lokhu kungase kuzwakale kuyinkimbinkimbi, esikalini sansuku zonke, imiphumela iyavumelana nezibalo zikaNewton futhi inembile ngokwanele ngezinhloso eziningi.
Isiphetho
Amandla adonsela phansi oMhlaba angamandla ayisisekelo enza ukuphila kule planethi kube nokwenzeka. Kuchaza ukuthi kungani izinto ziwela, ukuthi kungani sinesisindo, ukuthi amanzi ageleza kanjani, ukuthi umkhathi ugcinwa kanjani, ngisho nokuthi amasathelayithi ajikeleza kanjani. Nakuba ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokungaguquguquki, amandla adonsela phansi oMhlaba ayahlukahluka kancane kuye ngendawo, ukuphakama, kanye nesimo soMhlaba. Ukuqonda amandla adonsela phansi akusizi nje kuphela ukuchaza izenzakalo ezilula njenge-apula eliwela esihlahleni, kodwa futhi kuvula ukuqonda ngendlela indawo yonke esebenza ngayo, kusukela ekujikelezeni kwamaplanethi kuya ekuhambeni emkhathini.
