I-Fiziksi kwiSayensi Yezinto Zokwakha

I-Fiziksi kwiSayensi Yezinto Zokwakha

I-Pendahuluan

I-physics iyigatsha lesayensi elifunda izakhiwo kanye nezenzakalo zendawo yonke. Ngokomongo wesayensi yezinto zokwakha, i-physics idlala indima ebalulekile. Ukuqonda izimiso ze-physics kwenza onjiniyela nabakhi bezakhiwo bakwazi ukuklama nokwakha izakhiwo eziphephile, ezisebenzayo, nezihlala isikhathi eside. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngendlela izimiso ze-physics ezisetshenziswa ngayo kwisayensi yezinto zokwakha, kusukela kuma-mechanics kanye ne-thermodynamics kuya ezimpahleni zezinto ezibonakalayo.

Ubuchwepheshe Bezinto Ezisetshenziswayo

Imithetho KaNewton kanye Nezicelo Zayo Ekwakhiweni

Esinye sezimiso eziyisisekelo zefiziksi kwezesayensi yezinto zokwakha imithetho kaNewton. Umthetho wokuqala kaNewton ukhuluma nge-inertia, okusho ukuthi into izohlala iphumule noma inyakaze ngendlela efanayo emgqeni oqondile ngaphandle kokuthi isetshenziswe amandla angaphandle. Ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo, lokhu kusho ukuthi izakhiwo kumele zakhiwe ukuze zimelane nemithwalo yangaphandle njengomoya, ukuzamazama komhlaba, noma eminye imithwalo enamandla.

Umthetho wesibili kaNewton uthi ukusheshisa kwento kuhambisana namandla asetshenziswa kuyo futhi kuhambisana nobunzima bayo (F = ma). Ngokwesakhiwo, onjiniyela bezakhiwo basebenzisa lo mthetho ukuklama izakhi zokwakha ezifana nemishayo, amakholomu, nezisekelo ukuze zimelane namandla asebenza kuzo. Isibonelo, lapho uklama ibhuloho, kubalulekile ukucabangela amandla ahlukahlukene njengemithwalo yezimoto, umoya, nokuzamazama komhlaba, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi isakhiwo singamelana nala mandla ngaphandle kokuwa.

Umthetho Wokulondolozwa Kwamandla

Umthetho wokulondolozwa kwamandla uthi amandla awakwazi ukudalwa noma ukubhujiswa; angaguqulwa kuphela kusuka kwesinye isimo aye kwesinye. Kwisayensi yezinto zokwakha, lesi simiso sisetshenziswa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, njengokuhlaziya ukusebenza kahle kokushisa kwezakhiwo kanye nezinhlelo zokushisa nokupholisa. Isibonelo, ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ezisebenzisa amandla kahle (izakhiwo eziluhlaza), onjiniyela basebenzisa isimiso sokulondolozwa kwamandla ukuze bathuthukise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, isibonelo ngokusebenzisa ukushisa okuhle ukunciphisa ukulahleka kokushisa noma ukusebenzisa amaphaneli elanga ukuguqula amandla elanga abe ugesi.

I-Thermodynamics Ezintweni Zokwakha

Ukuqhuba, Ukuguqulwa Kwe-Convection, kanye Nokushiswa Kwemisebe

I-Thermodynamics iyigatsha le-physics elifunda ubudlelwano phakathi kokushisa, amandla, nomsebenzi. Ngokwesakhiwo, i-thermodynamics ibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo ze-HVAC (ukushisa, ukuphefumula, kanye ne-air conditioning) kanye nokukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha.

Izindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokudlulisa ukushisa ukuqhutshwa, ukujiya, kanye nemisebe. Ukuqhutshwa kokushisa ukudluliswa kokushisa ngento ethile, futhi kubalulekile uma ucabangela ukufudumeza kwesakhiwo. Isibonelo, izinto zokuvikela ukushisa ezifana noboya beglasi noma i-polystyrene zisetshenziselwa ukunciphisa ukudluliswa kokushisa ezindongeni nasophahleni lwesakhiwo.

I-Convection ukudluliselwa kokushisa ngokuhamba koketshezi, ngokuvamile umoya. Kulesi simo, ukungenisa umoya okufanele kungasiza ekulawuleni izinga lokushisa langaphakathi ngokuvumela ukugeleza komoya okuphumelelayo. Ukugeleza komoya okuhle kubalulekile futhi ukuvimbela izinkinga ezifana nomswakama kanye nesikhunta, okungalimaza izakhiwo zesakhiwo.

Imisebe iwukudluliselwa kwamandla okushisa ngendlela yamagagasi kagesi. Isibonelo, amafasitela anengilazi encane angasetshenziswa ukunciphisa ukutholakala kokushisa okuvela elangeni ngenkathi evumela ukukhanya kwemvelo ukuthi kungene. Lobu buchwepheshe baziwa ngokuthi ingilazi ye-Low-E (Low Emissivity).

Umthetho Wesibili We-Thermodynamics

Umthetho wesibili we-thermodynamics uthi ukudluliselwa kokushisa kwenzeka ngokuzenzakalelayo kusuka ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphezulu kuya ezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphansi, futhi akukaze kube ngenye indlela. Ngokwesakhiwo, lo mthetho usetshenziswa, isibonelo, ukuklama izinhlelo zokuvikela eziphumelelayo. Ngokuqonda ukuthi ukudluliselwa kokushisa, onjiniyela bangaklama izakhiwo ezinciphisa ukulahleka kokushisa ebusika futhi zivimbele ukwanda kokushisa ngokweqile ehlobo.

Izakhiwo Zezinto

Ukucindezeleka Nokucindezeleka

Uma into ingaphansi kwamandla, ishintsha isimo, noma iguquguquke. Ukucindezeleka kanye nokucindezeleka kuyimiqondo eyisisekelo ekuqondeni ukuthi izinto ziziphatha kanjani ngaphansi komthwalo. Ukucindezeleka kungamandla endaweni ngayinye esebenza ezintweni, kanti ukucindezeleka kungukuguquguquka kwezinto ezidlula kukho ngenxa yalokho kucindezeleka.

Into ngayinye inomkhawulo othile wokucindezeleka, okuthi uma idlula, ibangele ukuguquka okungapheli noma ukuphuka. Ekwakhiweni, kubalulekile ukukhetha izinto ezingamelana nokucindezeleka okulindelekile ngaphandle kokwehluleka. Isibonelo, insimbi ivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakheni ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu okudonseka, kuyilapho ukhonkolo uphumelela kakhulu ekumelaneni nokucindezeleka okucindezelayo.

I-Modulus ye-Elasticity

I-modulus yokuqina, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-modulus kaYoung, iyisilinganiso sokuqina kwezinto. Ibonisa ukuthi izinto zizoguquka kangakanani uma zicindezelwa. Izinto ezine-modulus ephezulu yokuqina, njengensimbi, zizoguquka kancane kunezinto ezine-modulus ephansi yokuqina, njengokhuni, ezingeni elifanayo lokucindezeleka. Ukuqonda i-modulus yokuqina kubalulekile ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezisetshenziswayo zizosebenza njengoba kuhlosiwe.

Amandla kanye Nokuqina Kwezinto Ezibonakalayo

Omunye umqondo obalulekile wefiziksi kwisayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo amandla nokuqina kwezinto. Amandla izinto ezingawamunca ngaphambi kokuba zehluleke kuyindlela ebalulekile yokulinganisa ukuqina kwazo. Izinto zokwakha ezingamunca inani elikhulu lamandla ngaphambi kokuqhekeka zibhekwa njengeziqinile futhi ziphephile. Insimbi, isibonelo, inamandla aphezulu okumunca amandla, okwenza ifaneleke kahle ezakhiweni okumele zimelane nemithwalo enamandla, njengamabhuloho noma izakhiwo ezinde.

Uketshezi Ekwakhiweni

Amandla Oketshezi

I-fluid dynamics iyigatsha le-physics elifunda ukunyakaza koketshezi (uketshezi namagesi) kanye namandla asebenza kuwo. Ngokwesakhiwo, lokhu kubalulekile, isibonelo, ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo zokukhipha amanzi kanye nezinhlelo ze-HVAC. Isimiso sikaBernoulli, esithi ukwanda kwejubane loketshezi kuhambisana nokwehla kwengcindezi, kuvame ukusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo zokungenisa umoya ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba komoya okuhle kakhulu.

Ukuvimbela Amanzi Nokuvinjelwa Kokungenwa Amanzi Kwezakhiwo

I-Hydrostatics isifundo soketshezi oluphumulile. Izimiso eziyisisekelo ze-hydrostatics, njengokucindezela kwe-hydrostatic, zibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo ezingangeni manzi. Isibonelo, lapho kwakhiwa izisekelo ezingaphansi kwetafula lamanzi, onjiniyela kumele bacabangele ukucindezela kwamanzi okusebenza esakhiweni futhi baqinisekise ukuthi izinto ezisetshenziswayo zingamelana nalolu cindezelo ngaphandle kokuvuza.

I-Penutup

I-physics idlala indima ebalulekile kwisayensi yezinto zokwakha. Ukuqonda izimiso eziyisisekelo ze-physics akusizi nje kuphela ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo eziphephile nezisebenzayo kodwa futhi nasekukhetheni izinto ezifanele zokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene. Kusukela ekusebenzeni kwezinto kuya ku-thermodynamics kanye ne-fluid dynamics, ukusetshenziswa kwe-physics ekwakheni kwesimanje kuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhiwo zesikhathi esizayo zizoba namandla, ziqine, futhi zibe nobungane nemvelo. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nocwaningo, singalindela ukusetshenziswa okusha kwezimiso ze-physics emhlabeni wokwakha esikhathini esizayo.