Ukuhlolwa Kokuphazamiseka Kokukhanya
Ukuphazamiseka kokukhanya kuyinto ebonakalayo ehilela ukufakwa kwamaza okukhanya amabili noma ngaphezulu, okuholela emaphethini okukhanya nobumnyama. Lesi simo sidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqondeni kwethu uhlobo lwamaza okukhanya futhi sinikeze isisekelo sezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zobuchwepheshe. Esinye sezivivinyo ezidumile kakhulu ezihlola ukuphazamiseka kokukhanya ukuhlolwa okuphindwe kabili, okwenziwa okokuqala nguThomas Young ngo-1801. Lesi sihloko sizohlola umqondo oyisisekelo wokuphazamiseka kokukhanya, sixoxe ngokuhlolwa kukaYoung okuvamile, sichaze inguqulo yesimanje yalolu vivinyo, futhi sixoxe ngezicelo kanye nemiphumela yalolu mkhuba wokuphazamiseka kokukhanya kwisayensi nobuchwepheshe besimanje.
Umqondo Oyisisekelo Wokuphazamiseka Kokukhanya
Ukuphazamiseka kuyiphethini ebangelwa ukufakwa kwamagagasi amabili noma ngaphezulu angenayo. Emongweni wokukhanya, lokhu kuhilela imisebe emibili yokukhanya ehlangana, yakha iphethini yokukhanya nobumnyama. Le phethini ivela ekufakweni (ukuphazamiseka okwakhayo) kanye nokususwa (ukuphazamiseka okubhubhisayo) kwama-amplitude wamagagasi.
– Ukuphazamiseka Okwakhayo: Kwenzeka lapho isiqongo segagasi elilodwa sihlangana nesiqongo segagasi elinye, noma isigodi segagasi elilodwa sihlangana nesigodi segagasi elinye, ukuze ukukhanya kukhule futhi kukhiqize iphethini ekhanyayo.
– Ukuphazamiseka Okubhubhisayo: Kwenzeka lapho isiqongo segagasi elilodwa sihlangana nomgodi wegagasi elinye, ukuze zihlukane bese ziveza iphethini emnyama.
Ukuhlolwa Kokuqhekeka Okuphindwe Kabili nguThomas Young
Ukuhlolwa kwe-double-slit kungenye yezithombe ezidumile kakhulu zokuphazamiseka kokukhanya. UThomas Young wenze lokhu kuhlolwa ukuze afakazele uhlobo lwamagagasi okukhanya.
Ukulungiselela Ukuhlolwa
Ekuhlolweni kokuqala kukaYoung, umthombo wokukhanya (ngokuvamile isibani) wawuqondiswa ngesikhala esisodwa esincane ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhanya okuphumayo kuvumelana. Ngemva kokudlula ngesikhala sokuqala, ukukhanya kwaqondiswa ngezikhala ezimbili ezincane eziseduze. Lezi zikhala ezimbili zazizosebenza njengemithombo emibili yokukhanya ehambisanayo, zikhipha amagagasi esigaba esifanayo.
Ukuqaphela
Uma ukukhanya okuphuma ezimbotsheni ezimbili kufinyelela esikrinini, kudala iphethini yokuphazamiseka equkethe uchungechunge lwemiphetho emnyama nekhanyayo. Le phethini iwubufakazi bokuphazamiseka kokukhanya, okubonisa ukuthi ukukhanya kunezakhiwo zamagagasi.
Ukuhlolwa Kokuqhekeka Okuphindwe Kabili Ngokwesimo Sesimanje
Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, kuye kwenziwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuhlola kukaYoung okunezimbobo ezimbili ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqonda kwethu ukuphazamiseka kokukhanya kanye nezakhiwo zamaza okukhanya. Enye indlela yesimanje ihilela ukusebenzisa i-laser njengomthombo wokukhanya.
– Ukusetshenziswa Kwe-Laser: I-Laser inikeza umthombo wokukhanya ohambisana kahle, ikhiqiza amaphethini okuphazamiseka acacile futhi ajwayelekile kunemithombo yokukhanya evamile. Lobu buchwepheshe buvumela ukuhlolwa okunembe kakhudlwana.
– Ama-Photodetector nama-CCD: Ama-detector esimanje afana nama-CCD (amadivayisi ahlanganiswe ngokushaja) kanye nama-photodetector avumela ukulinganisa okunembe kakhulu kobukhulu kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwamaphethini okuphazamiseka. Lokhu kubalulekile ekuhlaziyweni kwenani.
Izicelo Zokuphazamiseka Kokukhanya
Isenzakalo sokuphazamiseka kokukhanya sinezinhlelo eziningi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yobuchwepheshe nesayensi.
– I-Interferometry: Amasu e-interferometric asetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokusebenza, kusukela ku-astronomy kuya ku-precision engineering. I-interferometer iyithuluzi elisebenzisa ukuphazamiseka kokukhanya ukukala amabanga, ama-engeli, kanye nezinguquko ezincane endaweni noma esakhiweni sezinto ngokunemba okukhulu kakhulu.
– I-Fiber Optics: Ukuphazamiseka kokukhanya kuvame ukusetshenziswa kubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana be-fiber-optic. Ama-interferometer e-Mach-Zehnder, isibonelo, asetshenziselwa ukuguqula nokunciphisa izimpawu zokukhanya ezithwala ulwazi kumanethiwekhi okuxhumana.
– I-Holography: I-Holography isebenzisa ukuphazamiseka kokukhanya ukuqopha nokubonisa izithombe zezinto ezinobukhulu obuthathu. Ama-Hologram adalwa ngokuhlukanisa umsebe we-laser ube kabili; umsebe owodwa ukhanya ngqo epuletini le-holographic, kuyilapho omunye umsebe ukhanya entweni bese kuba yipuleti le-holographic. Ukuphazamiseka phakathi kwale misebe emibili kudala iphethini engakhiqiza isithombe se-3D uma sikhanyiswa ukukhanya okufanele.
Imiphumela Yefilosofi Nesayensi
Ukuhlolwa kokuphazamisa, ikakhulukazi ukuhlolwa okuphindwe kabili, kube negalelo elikhulu ekuqondeni kwethu uhlobo oluyisisekelo lokukhanya nezinhlayiya. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubonisa ukuhlangana kwe-wave-particle kokukhanya, okuyingxenye ebalulekile ye-quantum mechanics.
– Ukuhlangana Kwezinhlayiya Zamagagasi: Ukukhanya (nezinye izinhlayiya ezifana nama-electron) kungabonisa kokubili izakhiwo zamagagasi kanye nezinhlayiya kuye ngokuhlolwa. Ekuhlolweni okuphindwe kabili, ukukhanya kubonisa izakhiwo zamagagasi ngamaphethini okuphazamiseka. Kodwa-ke, lapho kubhekwe ngqo indawo yezinhlayiya ngazinye (njenge-photon noma ama-electron), izakhiwo zezinhlayiya ziyabonwa.
– Ukuhunyushwa kwe-Quantum Mechanics: Ukuhlolwa kokuphazamiseka kokukhanya kubangele ingxoxo eningi mayelana nokuhunyushwa kwe-quantum mechanics. Isimiso se-quantum superposition kanye nomqondo kaHeisenberg wokungaqiniseki yizici ezimbili ezibalulekile eziqinisekiswe ngokubheka amaphethini okuphazamiseka esikalini esincane kakhulu.
Isiphetho
Ukuhlolwa kokuphazamisa, kanye nokuhlolwa kukaThomas Young okuphindwe kabili njengesibonelo esivamile, kubonise ngempumelelo uhlobo lwamagagasi okukhanya. Kusukela kulolu cwaningo oluyisisekelo kuya ekushintsheni kwesimanje kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe njenge-laser kanye ne-CCD detectors, umqondo wokuphazamisa uyaqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe. Ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuhlanganisa imikhakha eminingi, kufaka phakathi i-interferometry, ubuchwepheshe be-fiber optic, kanye ne-holography. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela yefilosofi nesayensi yalezi zivivinyo iyaqhubeka nokuxoxwa ngayo kumongo we-quantum mechanics kanye nohlobo oluyisisekelo lokukhanya nezinto. Ngokuqonda okujulile kokuphazamisa, singaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha futhi sijulise ukuqonda kwethu indawo yonke.
