Isizathu Sokuba Isibhakabhaka Sibe Luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka siyinto yansuku zonke esivame ukuyithatha kalula. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwalesi sibhakabhaka esihle esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kukhona into ebonakalayo ethakazelisayo neyinkimbinkimbi. Kungani isibhakabhaka siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka? Ukuze siqonde lesi simo, sidinga ukuhlolisisa imiqondo eyisisekelo yefiziksi yomoya, ukuhlakazeka kokukhanya, kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi kokukhanya kwelanga nomoya woMhlaba wethu.
Ukukhanya kwelanga kanye ne-Color Spectrum
Ukukhanya kwelanga kubonakala kumhlophe emehlweni ethu, kodwa empeleni kwakhiwe ngemibala eminingi engabonakala ku-spectrum yokukhanya. Le spectrum yakhiwe ngemibala yothingo: obomvu, o-orenji, ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-indigo, kanye ne-violet. Umbala ngamunye ku-spectrum unobude obuhlukile, kusukela kuma-nanometer angaba ngu-700 obomvu kuya kuma-nanometer angaba ngu-400 e-violet.
Uma ukukhanya kwelanga kungena emkhathini woMhlaba, kuxhumana nama-molecule amancane nezinhlayiya ezisemkhathini. Lesi simo yisona esibangela ukuthi umbala wesibhakabhaka ushintshe kuye ngesikhathi sosuku nezimo. Ukusabalala kwe-Rayleigh kuyisihluthulelo sokuqonda ukuthi kungani isibhakabhaka sivame ukubonakala siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ukusabalala kukaRayleigh
Ukusabalala kwe-Rayleigh kuyisenzakalo sokusabalala kokukhanya yizinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu kunobude bokukhanya ngokwako. Lo mphumela uqanjwe ngoBaron John William Strutt, owaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi uLord Rayleigh, isazi sefiziksi saseNgilandi esaqala ukuchaza lesi simo ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19.
Ekusakazeni kweRayleigh, ukuqina kokukhanya okuhlakazekile kuhambisana ngokuphambene namandla wesine obude bokukhanya. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukukhanya okunama-wavelength amafushane (njengoluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka no-violet) kuhlakazeke kakhulu kunokukhanya okunama-wavelength amade (njengobomvu no-orenji).
Nakuba ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusakazeke kakhulu kunokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iso lomuntu lizwela kakhulu ekukhanyeni okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza. Yingakho, yize kukhona ukukhanya okunsomi okuningi okusakazeke esibhakabhakeni, isibhakabhaka sibonakala siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kithi.
Umkhathi Womhlaba
Umkhathi womhlaba wakhiwe ngamagesi ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-nitrogen (cishe u-78%) kanye nomoya-mpilo (cishe u-21%). Uphinde uqukethe i-argon, i-carbon dioxide, i-neon, kanye namanye amagesi amaningana ngamanani amancane. Lezi zinhlayiya zidlala indima ekusakazeni ukukhanya.
Uma ukukhanya kwelanga kungena emkhathini, amaza alo amafushane ahlakazeka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ngama-molecule egesi. Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okunobude bawo obufushane, kuhlakazeka kahle kakhulu kunokukhanya okubomvu, okunobude bawo obude. Ngakho-ke, uma sibheka phezulu esibhakabhakeni, sibona isibhakabhaka sihlakazekile ngokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuzo zonke izinhlangothi.
Kodwa-ke, uma ilanga lisemkhathini, njengasekuphumeni kwelanga noma ekushoneni kwelanga, ukukhanya kwalo kumele kudlule engqimbeni ebanzi yomkhathi. Ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kusakazeke kuzo zonke izinhlangothi kusenesikhathi futhi akufinyeleli emehlweni ethu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukukhanya okunamaza amade, njengobomvu no-orenji, akusakazeki kakhulu njengokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi kufinyelela emehlweni ethu, ngakho-ke sibona ilanga njengo-orenji noma obomvu.
Ukungcola kanye nomphumela wako kumbala wesibhakabhaka
Ngaphezu kwezinhlayiya zegesi ezenzeka ngokwemvelo emkhathini, ukungcola okuhlukahlukene kungathinta nombala wesibhakabhaka. Izinto ezingcolisayo ezifana nentuthu, uthuli, kanye nezinhlayiya ze-aerosol zingabangela ukusabalala kwe-Mie, okuhlukile ekusabalaleni kwe-Rayleigh ngoba kuhilela izinhlayiya ezilingana ngobukhulu nobude bokukhanya okusabalele.
Ukusabalala kwe-Mie akuxhomekile kakhulu kumaza okukhanya, ngakho-ke yonke imibala isakazeke cishe ngokulinganayo. Lokhu kungenza isibhakabhaka sibonakale simhlophe noma simpunga. Emadolobheni anamazinga aphezulu okungcoliswa komoya, sivame ukubona isibhakabhaka sibonakala simnyama futhi siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kancane kunasezindaweni zasemakhaya ezihlanzekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungcoliswa komoya kungabangela nezinye izinto ezifana nemvula ene-asidi kanye nentuthu ye-photochemical, okungathinti nje umbala wesibhakabhaka kodwa futhi nekhwalithi yomoya kanye nempilo yabantu.
Izinguquko Zesizini kanye Nendawo Yezwe
Izinguquko zesizini nazo zithinta umbala wesibhakabhaka. Ehlobo, umoya uvame ukuba msulwa futhi wome, okwenza ukusabalala kweRayleigh kusebenze kangcono futhi isibhakabhaka sibonakale siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Okwamanje, ngezikhathi zemvula noma zasebusika, umswakama ophezulu namafu kuvame ukufihla isibhakabhaka, okwenza sibonakale simnyama kancane noma simpunga.
Indawo yendawo nayo ithinta umbala wesibhakabhaka. Ezindaweni ezibandayo, imimoya enamandla nomoya ohlanzekile kuvame ukwenza isibhakabhaka esibandayo sibonakale siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi sicacile. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ezindaweni eziseduze nenkabazwe, isibhakabhaka singabonakala simhlophe noma simpunga ngenxa yomswakama ophezulu kanye nokwakheka kwamafu okuvamile.
Isiphetho
Isibhakabhaka esisibona nsuku zonke sibonakala siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngenxa yokusabalala kweRayleigh, into ebonakalayo lapho ukukhanya okunamaza amafushane, njengoluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kusakazeka kakhulu yizinhlayiya ezincane emkhathini. Amehlo ethu azwela kakhulu ekukhanyeni okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ngakho-ke isibhakabhaka sibonakala siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yize ukukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nakho kusakazeke kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izici ezahlukahlukene njengokungcola komoya, izinkathi zonyaka, kanye nendawo nazo zidlala indima ekunqumeni umbala wesibhakabhaka. Ngokuqonda lezi zenzakalo, singabuqonda kangcono ubuhle bemvelo obubonakala bulula kodwa buyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, uma ubheka isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngosuku olucacile, khumbula ukuthi kukhona isayensi ethakazelisayo ngemuva kwalobo buhle obubonakalayo. Indawo yonke igcwele izimfihlakalo, futhi isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka singenye nje yezimo eziningi ezilindele ukufundwa nokuqondwa.
