Umqondo Wobulungiswa Ngokusho kukaPlato Ubulungiswa bungenye yezindikimba ezibaluleke kakhulu kwifilosofi yezepolitiki yaseNtshonalanga kanye nokuziphatha, futhi uPlato ungumuntu owabeka isisekelo sengxoxo yakudala yalo mqondo. Emsebenzini wakhe oyinhloko, iPoliteia (iRiphabhulikhi), uPlato akabuzi nje kuphela ukuthi "buyini ubulungiswa?", kodwa futhi "kungani abantu kufanele benze ubulungiswa?" nokuthi "ubulungiswa bungafezeka kanjani... Funda kabanzi
Imicabango kaGeorge Berkeley mayelana ne-Idealism UGeorge Berkeley (1685–1753) wayengomunye wezazi zefilosofi ezikholelwa kakhulu emlandweni wefilosofi yanamuhla. Uyaziwa kabanzi ngokuthuthukisa uhlobo oluhlukile lwe-idealism, oluvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-immatealism noma i-subjective idealism. Ngokombono kaBerkeley, iqiniso lingokwengqondo ngokuyisisekelo: lokho esikubiza ngokuthi "izinto" akukhona njengendaba ezizimele... Funda kabanzi
Iminikelo kaVoltaire kwiFilosofi UVoltaire (1694–1778) wayengomunye wabantu abanethonya kakhulu ekuKhanyisweni kweYurophu. Igama lakhe langempela kwakunguFrançois-Marie Arouet, kodwa wayaziwa kakhulu ngegama elithi "Voltaire," kamuva elaba uphawu lwesibindi sobuhlakani, ukugxekwa okubukhali kwegunya elicindezelayo, kanye nokuvikela inkululeko yokucabanga. Nakuba uVoltaire evame ukubizwa ngokuthi "isazi sefilosofi esihlelekile" njenge... Funda kabanzi
Ukuqonda i-Hedonism ekuziphatheni okuhle I-Hedonism ingenye yamagama asetshenziswa kakhulu lapho kukhulunywa "ngempilo enhle," "ukufuna injabulo," noma "ukuphishekela injabulo." Ezingxoxweni zansuku zonke, i-hedonism ivame ukuqondwa kabi: ifana nendlela yokuphila yokuthenga, amaphathi, ukunethezeka, kanye nesimo sengqondo sokuthi "uma nje ujabule". Kodwa-ke, ezifundweni zefilosofi, ikakhulukazi kwezokuziphatha, i-hedonism inencazelo ehlukile... Funda kabanzi
Umcabango Wefilosofi KaConfucius Umcabango wefilosofi kaConfucius (Kongzi, 551–479 BC) ungomunye wemifa yobuhlakani enethonya elikhulu emlandweni waseMpumalanga Asia. Wayengeyena nje umuntu wemfundo nokuziphatha, kodwa futhi wayengumakhi wemibono yokuthi abantu kufanele baphile kanjani, bahlobane kanjani, futhi bakhe ukuhleleka okuhle komphakathi. Esikweni lamaConfucian, ifilosofi ayiqondwa njengokuqagela nje okungabonakali, kodwa njenge… Funda kabanzi
I-Metaphysics kanye ne-Theory of Existence I-Metaphysics iyigatsha lefilosofi elibuza imibuzo eyisisekelo mayelana neqiniso: ukuthi yini ekhona ngempela, ukuthi into "ingaba khona kanjani," nokuthi yini eyenza into iqhubeke njengoba injalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngenkathi isayensi ekhethekile njenge-physics, i-biology, noma i-psychology ngokuvamile ifunda izingxenye ezithile zomhlaba ngokubuka nokuhlola, ... Funda kabanzi
Inkululeko Nokuzinqumela Ngokusho kukaSartre Umbuzo wokuthi abantu bakhululekile ngempela noma banqunywa yizici zangaphandle ungenye yezingxoxo ezindala kakhulu kwifilosofi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuzinqumela kuthi izenzo zabantu empeleni ziwumphumela wochungechunge lwezimbangela nemiphumela: izimo zezinto eziphilayo, imfundo, isiko, ngisho nezakhiwo zomnotho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umqondo wenkululeko uqinisekisa… Funda kabanzi
Umqondo Wemfundiso Yenkolo Kwefilosofi Imfundiso Yenkolo kanye nefilosofi kuvame ukubhekwa njengemikhakha emibili ehamba ndawonye kodwa iphikisana. Imfundiso Yenkolo ngokuvamile iqondwa njengokuzindla okunengqondo ngoNkulunkulu, ukholo, isambulo, kanye nobuhlobo bomuntu noNkulunkulu. Okwamanje, ifilosofi iwuphenyo olubucayi noluhlelekile lweqiniso, ulwazi, izindinganiso, kanye nencazelo yokuphila ngokusebenzisa ukucabanga. Lapho... Funda kabanzi
Ifilosofi KaHume Yenkolo UDavid Hume (1711–1776) wayengomunye wezazi zefilosofi ezinethonya kakhulu emasikweni esiNgisi okusebenzisa izimiso zobuciko. Waziwa ngokungabaza kwakhe izimangalo ezingaphezu kokuhlangenwe nakho kwezinzwa, kanye nokuhlaziya kwakhe okujulile ukuthi ulwazi lomuntu lusebenza kanjani. Ngokomongo wenkolo, umcabango kaHume uvame ukufundwa njengokuhlaziya okujulile kwefilosofi kwezimpikiswano ezinengqondo zokuba khona kukaNkulunkulu, ukuqashelwa... Funda kabanzi
Umbono kaJohn Rawls Wobulungiswa Bezenhlalo UJohn Rawls (1921–2002) wayengomunye wezazi zefilosofi zezombusazwe ezinethonya kakhulu zekhulu lama-20. Umsebenzi wakhe, ikakhulukazi i-A Theory of Justice (1971), wavuselela isiko lefilosofi yezepolitiki ejwayelekile, eyayivame ukubuswa izindlela zomnotho eziwusizo nezenhlalakahle. URawls wanikeza indlela yokucabanga ngobulungiswa bezenhlalo eyayingagcini nje ngokubala injabulo ephelele kodwa kunalokho ihleleke… Funda kabanzi
