Ithiyori kaDerrida kanye noKuqedwa kobuCiko
I-Pengantar
UJacques Derrida ungomunye wezazi zefilosofi ezinethonya kakhulu zekhulu lama-20, owaziwa kakhulu ngokuthuthukisa kwakhe inkolelo-mbono yokudiliza. I-Deconstruction ayinikezi nje kuphela ukugxekwa kwezakhiwo zolimi, umbhalo, kanye nencazelo kodwa futhi inikeza indlela entsha yokuqonda ubudlelwano phakathi kombhalo, umongo, kanye nokuhumusha. Ngokusebenzisa izimiso zokudiliza, uDerrida uphonsela inselelo imibono eyisisekelo eyamukelwa kabanzi kwifilosofi yendabuko kanye nenkolelo-mbono yokubhala. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukujula empilweni kaDerrida kanye nemiphumela kanye nokusetshenziswa kwenkolelo-mbono yokudiliza.
Ingemuva likaJacques Derrida
UJacques Derrida wazalwa ngoJulayi 15, 1930, e-El Biar, e-Algeria, ngaleso sikhathi eyayiyingxenye yombuso wamakoloni waseFrance. UDerrida wafunda e-École Normale Supérieure (ENS) eParis, isikhungo semfundo ephakeme esikhiqize ongqondongqondo abaningi baseFrance abakhulu, wabe eseqhubeka nokuthola iziqu zobudokotela eSorbonne. UDerrida waqala ukuvelela ngochungechunge lwezincwadi ngawo-1960, ikakhulukazi incwadi yakhe ethi “Of Grammatology” (1967), eyaqashelwa njengomsebenzi obalulekile ekwethulweni kokwakhiwa kabusha.
Ukwakhiwa kabusha njengendlela yefilosofi
Ukususa umbhalo, ngokuqonda kukaDerrida, akuyona indlela equkethe imithetho nezinqubo ezithile. Kunalokho, uwuchaza njengomkhuba noma isu lokufunda eliveza ukungezwani nokungahambisani ngaphakathi kombhalo. Ngokusho kukaDerrida, umbhalo ngamunye ulwela ukuhlangana nokuzinza, kodwa ekugcineni uhlala uqukethe izinto ezimelana nalokhu.
Isihluthulelo sendlela yokunciphisa ukwakheka kwemibhalo ukuhlaziywa kwemibhalo ukuze kuqokonyiswe ukuthi izincazelo ezicacile zingancishiswa kanjani yisakhiwo solimi. UDerrida uyawulahla umqondo wokuthi ulimi luyindlela engathathi hlangothi yokudlulisa amaqiniso noma amaqiniso akhona. Kunalokho, uthi ulimi luyisakhiwo esiguquguqukayo, esihlala sisenkambisweni yokwakhiwa nokuqedwa.
I-Logocentrism kanye nomehluko
Enye yeminikelo emikhulu kaDerrida ukugxekwa kwe-logocentrism, inkolelo yokuthi i-logic, ukucabanga, noma ama-logo kuyisisekelo sokugcina salo lonke ulwazi neqiniso. I-Logocentrism ibeka isikhungo sokunaka "ekubeni khona" futhi ivame ukubekela eceleni noma ukuqeda "ukungabikho." Ngokusho kukaDerrida, lokhu kuyinkohliso ngoba ulimi luhlala lubhekisela ezimpawini nasezinchazelweni ezincikene kunethiwekhi yobudlelwano eyinkimbinkimbi.
Ukuze achaze lokhu kuguquguquka, uDerrida wethula igama elithi "umehluko," okuyi-neologism ehlanganisa amagama amabili esiFulentshi athi "umehluko" (ohlukile) kanye nelithi "ukuhlehlisa" (ukuhlehlisa). Umehluko uyisimiso esiyisisekelo sokususa ukwakheka, okubonisa ukuthi incazelo ihlala ilibaziseka futhi ayifinyeleli ukuqina noma ukuba khona okuphelele. Ngenxa yalokho, incazelo yombhalo ingashintsha njalo futhi ithonywa kakhulu yizimo ezintsha.
Ukuqothulwa Kwesakhiwo Ku-Critical Praxis
Ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo se ...
Isibonelo, ekuhlaziyweni kwezincwadi, ukuhlukaniswa kwemibhalo kungasetshenziswa ukukhombisa ukuthi indaba ebonakala ivumelana futhi iqinile ingahlukaniswa kanjani ibe yiqoqo lemibono ephikisanayo. Ngokukhomba lokhu kungahambisani, ukuhlaziywa okuhlukaniswayo kuzama ukukhulula umbhalo ezinhlotsheni ezazamukelwe ngaphambilini neziqinile futhi kuvule imiphetho emisha yokuhumusha.
Ukugxekwa Nokuphikisana
Naphezu kwethonya layo elibanzi, umbono kaDerrida wokudiliza izinto uphinde wathola ukugxekwa okuhlukahlukene. Ezinye izazi zefilosofi nabagxeki basole ukudiliza izinto ngokuthi kuyindlela yokungakholelwa noma yokuzivumelanisa nezimo okulimaza amathuba okuchaza iqiniso noma isisekelo sokuziphatha esicacile. Laba bagxeki bathi ngokuphika ukuzinza kwencazelo, ukudiliza izinto kungaholela esiphithiphithini sokuhumusha esisusa noma yiziphi izisekelo zokuziphatha noma ze-epistemological.
Kodwa-ke, abavikeli bokubhidliza, okuhlanganisa noDerrida uqobo, bathi lolu hlobo lokugxeka lusekelwe ekungaqondini kahle izinhloso nezindlela zokubhidliza. Ngokusho kwabo, ukubhidliza akukhona ukwenqaba incazelo noma iqiniso kodwa kunalokho kuwumzamo wokwandisa nokugxeka imingcele yendlela esiqonda futhi sakhe ngayo lezo zincazelo.
Umnikelo kaDerrida Emicabangweni Yanamuhla
UDerrida wenze iminikelo ebalulekile emikhakheni eminingi, hhayi nje ifilosofi kanye nethiyori yokubhala. Kufilosofi yezepolitiki, isibonelo, uDerrida uyabaza izisekelo zemibono yobulungiswa, amalungelo, kanye nentando yeningi. Encwadini yakhe ethi "Specters of Marx" (1993), uDerrida ugxeka ubungxowankulu bomhlaba wonke futhi unikeza amathuba amasha omqondo oqinile wobulungiswa bezenhlalo.
Kwezokuziphatha, uDerrida uthuthukisa umqondo "womthwalo wemfanelo ongenamkhawulo," ogcizelela ukubaluleka kokugcina ukuvuleleka kwabanye nokunqoba ukuthambekela okuqinile ekwenzeni izinqumo zokuziphatha. Lo mbono ubonisa umzamo kaDerrida wokugcizelela ukubaluleka kwengxoxo, ubuningi, kanye nokwehlukahluka kuzo zonke izenzo zokuziphatha.
I-Penutup
UJacques Derrida kanye nombono wokuqedwa kolwazi kuvule izindlela ezintsha emcabangweni wesimanje, okusivumela ukuthi sibuze imibono eyisisekelo futhi singene sijule ekuqondeni kwethu umhlaba. Nakuba kuseyindaba ephikisanayo, iminikelo kaDerrida ngokungangabazeki iye yacebisa izingxoxo zobuhlakani futhi yahlinzeka ngamathuluzi abalulekile abalulekile emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene. Ngokuqedwa kolwazi, simenywa ukuba sibone ubunzima kanye nokungacaci okukhona kuyo yonke imibhalo kanye nesiphakamiso, futhi sihlale sifuna incazelo phakathi kwalesi simo esingapheli.
