Amasu Okufaka Uthuli Ekufakweni Kukagesi
Ukubeka phansi kuyisici esiyisisekelo sokufakwa kukagesi esivame ukunganakwa, kodwa sidlala indima ebalulekile ekuphepheni nasekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo zikagesi. Amasu okubeka phansi abalulekile ukuvimbela izingozi ezingaba khona njengokushaqeka kukagesi, umlilo, kanye nomonakalo wemishini kagesi. Isihloko esilandelayo sizoxoxa ngokujulile ngamasu okubeka phansi, sichaze izimiso eziyisisekelo, izindlela, kanye nokubaluleka kwazo ekusetshenzisweni kukagesi okuhlukahlukene.
Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Zokusekela
Ukubeka phansi kuyindlela yokuhlinzeka ngendlela ephephile yokuhambisa ugesi kusuka emishinini kagesi iye emhlabathini (emhlabeni). Inhloso yayo eyinhloko ukuvikela abantu ekushaqekeni kukagesi okungenzeka kanye namadivayisi kagesi emonakalweni obangelwa ukwanda kwamandla kagesi noma ugesi. Empeleni, ukubeka phansi kudala indlela yokumelana okuncane, okuvumela amandla kagesi ukuthi ageleze kuyo.
Izinhlobo Zokumisa Inhlabathi
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokufaka isisekelo ekufakweni kukagesi, okuhlanganisa:
1. Ukumisa Isisekelo Sesistimu: Lokhu ukumiswa kwesisekelo sendawo engathathi hlangothi ye-transformer noma ijenereyitha phansi. Lolu hlobo luqinisekisa ukuthi iphuzu ngalinye ohlelweni lukagesi linokubhekisela okungenzeka emhlabathini.
2. Ukufaka Isisekelo Semishini: Lolu hlobo luyindlela evame kakhulu esetshenziswa ekufakweni kwekhaya nakwezentengiselwano, lapho isisekelo sensimbi sedivayisi kagesi sinamathiselwe kumqhubi womhlaba.
3. Ukusekela Okusebenzayo: Kusetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwamadivayisi kagesi nawe-elekthronikhi. Isibonelo, ezinhlelweni zokuxhumana, ukufaka ukusekela kusiza ekunciphiseni ukuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic.
Indlela Yokumisa Isisekelo
Ezinye zezindlela ezisetshenziswayo ukwenza isisekelo zifaka:
1. Izinduku Zomhlabathi:
– Incazelo: Izinduku eziphansi noma izinduku zokuphansi ziyizinduku zensimbi (ngokuvamile ezenziwe ngethusi noma ngensimbi embozwe ngethusi) ezifakwa emhlabathini.
– Izinzuzo: Izindleko eziphansi futhi iyasebenza impela.
– Inqubo Yokufaka: Le ntonga ifakwa emhlabathini ize ifinyelele ekujuleni okuthile ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso noma imithethonqubo efanele.
2. Amapuleti Omhlaba:
– Incazelo: Ipuleti lomhlabathi noma ipuleti lomhlabathi liyipuleti lensimbi eligqitshwe emhlabathini.
– Izinzuzo: Ihlinzeka ngendawo ebanzi yokuthintana nomhlabathi.
– Inqubo Yokufaka: Amapuleti ensimbi (ngokuvamile ithusi) agqitshwa emhlabathini ngokujula okuthile.
3. Amagridi Omhlaba:
– Incazelo: Igridi yomhlabathi iyinethiwekhi yama-conductor agqitshwe emhlabathini, okwenza indawo enkulu yokuxhumana.
– Izinzuzo: Inikeza ukumelana okuphansi nokuzinzile komhlabathi.
– Inqubo Yokufaka: Inethiwekhi yomqhubi wethusi igqitshwe ekujuleni okunqunyiwe, evame ukusetshenziswa ekufakweni okukhulu njengeziteshi ezincane.
4. Ama-Ground Loops:
– Incazelo: Le ndlela ihilela ukufaka ngokuphindaphindiwe izintambo zokusekela endaweni ethile.
– Izinzuzo: Kunciphisa izihibe zomhlabathi ezingaba khona.
– Inqubo Yokufaka: Izintambo zomqhubi ziyanwetshwa futhi zingcwatshwe ngendlela efana nephethini ezungeze isakhiwo noma imishini.
Izindinganiso Nemithethonqubo Yokusekela
Ukubeka phansi akunakwenziwa ngokungahleliwe; kunezindinganiso eziningi kanye nemithethonqubo okumele ilandelwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha kwayo. Ezinye izindinganiso ezivame ukusetshenziswa zifaka:
1. I-United States National Electrical Code (NEC) inikeza isiqondiso esiphelele mayelana nokufakwa kwesisekelo ezindaweni zikagesi.
2. IKhomishini Yobuchwepheshe Be-Electrotechnical Yomhlaba Wonke (i-IEC) ehlinzeka ngezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke zemikhuba yokusekela ephephile.
3. Imithethonqubo Ejwayelekile Yokufakwa Kukagesi (i-PUIL) e-Indonesia elawula ukufakwa kukagesi kanye nokuphepha okuhlanganisa nokufakwa phansi.
Ukubaluleka Kokumisa Isisekelo
1. Ukuvikelwa Kokuphepha: Ukumisa umhlabathi kuvikela abantu engozini yokushaqeka kukagesi ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi amaza omlilo angageleza ngqo emhlabathini.
2. Ukuvikelwa Kwemishini: Ukubeka phansi kunciphisa ingozi yokulimala kwemishini kagesi ngenxa yokwanda kwamandla kagesi noma ugesi omningi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kuma-elekthronikhi abucayi.
3. Thuthukisa Ukuzinza Kwe-Voltage: Ukubeka phansi kusiza ekugcineni ukuzinza kwe-voltage yokusatshalaliswa kukagesi, kunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kanye nokwandisa ukuthembeka kohlelo.
4. Ukunciphisa Ukuphazamiseka Kwe-Electromagnetic (EMI): Ezinhlelweni ze-elekthronikhi, ukusekelwa okuhle kusiza ukunciphisa i-EMI engaphazamisa ukusebenza kwamadivayisi kagesi.
Ukuhlolwa Nokulungiswa Kokumisa Isisekelo
Ukufakwa kwesisekelo okuphumelelayo akukhona nje ukufakwa kokuqala kodwa futhi kumayelana nokugcinwa nokuhlolwa njalo.
1. Ukuhlolwa Kokumelana: Sebenzisa ithuluzi elifana ne-Earth Ground Tester ukukala ukumelana komhlabathi. Izinga elijwayelekile lingaphansi kwama-ohm ama-5 okumelana nomhlabathi.
2. Ukuhlolwa Okubonakalayo: Qinisekisa ukuthi zonke izixhumanisi zokusekela umhlabathi zisaqinile futhi akukho ukugqwala noma umonakalo obonakalayo.
3. Ukumba: Kwezinye izimo, uhlelo lokumisa umhlabathi ludinga ukumbiwa futhi luhlolwe ngokwenyama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho monakalo noma ukuwohloka kwezinto.
Ucwaningo Lwesibonelo: Ukuqina Kwezinhlelo Zamaphaneli Elanga
Ekufakweni kwezinhlelo zamaphaneli elanga, ukusekela phansi kudlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha. Uma elinye lamaphaneli lihluleka, ukusekela phansi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ugesi oweqile ungadluliselwa phansi, kuvikele zonke izinhlelo zikagesi ezixhunyiwe. Ubuchwepheshe bokusekela phansi njengezinduku zomhlabathi kanye namapuleti omhlabathi buvame ukusetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuhlangatshezwana nezindinganiso zokumelana nomhlabathi eziphansi.
Isiphetho
Ukufaka inhlabathi phansi kuyisici esibalulekile kukho konke ukufakwa kukagesi, kusukela emakhaya kuya ekufakweni okukhulu kwezimboni. Ngokuqonda amasu okufaka phansi phansi, izinhlobo zawo, kanye nokubaluleka kwawo ekuhlinzekeni ukuvikelwa kohlelo kanye nokuzinza, singanciphisa ingozi yezingozi futhi siqinisekise ukusebenza okuphephile nokuphumelelayo kwezinhlelo zikagesi. Ukusebenzisa izindlela nezindinganiso ezifanele, kanye nokugcinwa njalo, kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zokufaka phansi zihlala zisebenza isikhathi eside.
Ukusebenzisa amasu okusekela kahle akusho nje kuphela ukulandela imithetho, kodwa futhi nomongo wemizamo yokuvikela abantu nemishini ekulahlekelweni okungenzeka kanye nezingozi ngenxa yamandla kagesi.
