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Inkomba Yokuthuthukiswa Kwabantu Ekuhlaziyweni Komnotho Inkomba Yokuthuthukiswa Kwabantu (i-HDI) ingenye yezinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuhlola impumelelo yentuthuko, ikakhulukazi lapho intuthuko iqondwa ngale kokukhula komnotho nje. Ekuhlaziyweni komnotho kwanamuhla, i-HDI isebenza njengebhuloho phakathi kwezilinganiso zomnotho ezivamile—njenge-Gross Domestic Product (GDP), imali engenayo yomuntu ngamunye, izinga lokukhuphuka kwamanani, noma izinga lokungasebenzi—kanye nobukhulu… Funda kabanzi

Izinkomba Zokuthuthukiswa Komnotho Ngaphandle Kwe-GDP Sekungamashumi eminyaka, i-Gross Domestic Product (GDP) iyisilinganiso esithandwa kakhulu sokuhlola "ukusebenza" komnotho wezwe. I-GDP ilinganisa inani eliphelele lezimpahla nezinsizakalo ezikhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwesikhathi esithile. Lesi sibalo sibalulekile ngoba sinikeza ukuqonda ngobukhulu bomsebenzi wezomnotho, ukukhula, kanye nemali engenayo kahulumeni engaba khona. Kodwa-ke, inani elikhulayo lezazi zezomnotho nabenzi bezinqubomgomo… Funda kabanzi

Ubudlelwano Phakathi Kwentando Yeningi Nentuthuko Yezomnotho Ubudlelwano phakathi kwentando yeningi nentuthuko yezomnotho buyisihloko esibalulekile kwezesayensi yezepolitiki kanye nezomnotho zentuthuko. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, intando yeningi ivame ukubhekwa njengohlelo lwezepolitiki olukwazi kahle ukuqinisekisa inkululeko, ukuziphendulela, kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwezakhamuzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, intuthuko yezomnotho idinga ukuzinza kwenqubomgomo, amandla kahulumeni, kanye nekhono lokuphatha izinsiza... Funda kabanzi

Indima Yezikhungo Ekuthuthukisweni Komnotho Intuthuko yezomnotho ivame ukuqondwa njengenqubo yokwandisa imali engenayo yabantu, ukwandisa amathuba emisebenzi, ukunciphisa ubumpofu, kanye nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphila ngendlela eqhubekayo. Kodwa-ke, ukukhula komnotho akunqunywa kuphela yimithombo yemvelo, imali ebonakalayo, noma ubukhulu bezisebenzi. Amazwe amaningi anemithombo yemvelo eningi kodwa asathuthuka, kanti amanye, ane... Funda kabanzi

Umbono Wesakhiwo Kwezomnotho Wentuthuko Umnotho Wentuthuko ugatsha lwezomnotho olufunda ukuthi amazwe anengeniso ephansi nephakathi angayithuthukisa kanjani inhlalakahle yabantu bawo ngokukhula komnotho, ukunciphisa ubumpofu, ukudala imisebenzi, kanye nokuguqulwa kwesakhiwo. Emlandweni wemicabango yezomnotho wentuthuko, izikole eziningana ezinkulu zemicabango ziye zathonya indlela izifundiswa nabenzi benqubomgomo abakha ngayo amasu entuthuko. Esinye sazo… Funda kabanzi

Ithiyori Yokuthembela Ekuthuthukisweni Komnotho Womhlaba Wonke Ithiyori yokuthembela iyindlela ebalulekile yokuqonda ukungalingani kwentuthuko yezomnotho ezingeni lomhlaba wonke. Le thiyori yavela njengokuhlaziywa kombono ojwayelekile wokuthi ukungathuthuki kahle kwamazwe asathuthuka kubangelwa kakhulu yizici zangaphakathi, njengokuntuleka kwemali, ubuchwepheshe, noma izikhungo zekhwalithi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ithiyori yokuthembela igcizelela ukuthi… Funda kabanzi

Imodeli kaLewis Yokuguqulwa Kwesakhiwo Somnotho Imodeli kaLewis Yokuguqulwa Kwesakhiwo Somnotho iwuhlaka olujwayelekile kwezomnotho wentuthuko oluchaza ukuthi izwe elithuthukayo lingaguquka kanjani lisuke emnothweni wendabuko, osekelwe kwezolimo liye emnothweni wesimanje, osekelwe kwezimboni. Le modeli yethulwa nguW. Arthur Lewis ngo-1954 emsebenzini wakhe onesihloko esithi *Ukuthuthukiswa Komnotho nge…*. Funda kabanzi

Umbono Wokubumbana Kwezomnotho Emazweni Asathuthuka Isingeniso Umbono wobumbana kwezomnotho uyisisekelo esibalulekile sokuqonda ukuthi umnotho emazweni asathuthuka awuvami kanjani ukuhamba ngendlela efanayo. Amazwe amaningi asathuthuka abonakala ngokuba khona "kwemihlaba" emibili yezomnotho esebenza eceleni esifundeni esisodwa: umkhakha okhiqizayo, wesimanje ohlanganiswe nezimakethe, kanye... Funda kabanzi

Ukuhlaziywa Kwendima Yobuchwepheshe Ekukhuleni Komnotho Ukukhula komnotho kungenye yezinkomba eziyinhloko zempumelelo yentuthuko yezwe. Kubonisa ukwanda kwamandla okukhiqiza izimpahla nezinsizakalo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okugcina kuthinta inhlalakahle yomphakathi. Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, ubuchwepheshe buye baba yisici esibaluleke kakhulu ekuqhubekiseleni phambili ukukhula komnotho, kokubili emazweni athuthukile nasathuthuka. Funda kabanzi

Indima Yokuqongelela Imali Entuthukweni Yomnotho Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho kuyinqubo yesikhathi eside ebonakala ngokwanda kwamandla okukhiqiza, ukwanda kwemali engenayo, kanye nokwanda kwekhwalithi yokuphila, kanye nokushintsha kwesakhiwo somnotho kusuka emikhakheni ekhiqiza kancane kuya emikhakheni ekhiqiza kakhulu. Esinye sezisusa eziyinhloko okuxoxwa ngaso kakhulu embonweni wentuthuko kanye nenqubomgomo ukuqongelela imali. Ukuqongelela imali kubhekisela ku… Funda kabanzi