Umdwebo Wokusabalalisa: Incazelo, Umsebenzi, kanye Nokusetshenziswa
Ukuqonda Imidwebo Ye-Scatter
I-scatterplot, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-scatter diagram noma i-scatter plot, uhlobo lwegrafu olusetshenziswa kuzibalo kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha ukuze kufinyezwe futhi kubonwe ubudlelwano phakathi kweziguquguquko ezimbili eziqhubekayo. Lo mdwebo ubonisa amaphuzu edatha endizeni yeCartesian, lapho ama-x- kanye nama-y-axis ngalinye limelela i-variable eyodwa. Iphuzu ngalinye kumdwebo limelela amanani amabili eziguquguquko ezimbili ezibonwe. Ngokuvamile, ama-scatterplot asisiza ukuqonda amaphethini, izitayela, kanye nokuxhumana okungenzeka phakathi kweziguquguquko ezimbili.
Umsebenzi We-Scatter Diagram
Ama-scatter plot anemisebenzi eyahlukene ekuhlaziyweni kwedatha, eminye yayo yile:
1. Ukunquma Ubudlelwano: Ama-Scatterplot asiza ekunqumeni ukuthi kukhona yini ubudlelwano noma ukuhlobana phakathi kwezinto ezimbili eziguquguqukayo. Isibonelo, ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini ukuhlobana phakathi kokuphakama komuntu nesisindo sakhe.
2. Thola Izinto Ezingaphandle: Ngokuhlela idatha, izinto ezingaphandle, noma idatha ehluke kakhulu kwezinye, ingabonakala kalula. Izinto ezingaphandle zingabangelwa amaphutha okulinganisa noma ezinye izinto ezingabalwanga.
3. Ukubona Idatha: Ama-Scatterplot avumela ukubuka okujulile okubonakalayo, okungabonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi etafuleni ledatha elilula. Anikeza umbono ocacile ngamandla obudlelwano phakathi kwezinguquko kanye nesimo salobo budlelwano, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi buqondile, bunezinhlangothi ezine, noma abujwayelekile.
4. Ukuthola Amaphethini Nezindlela Zokuthambekela: Ngokuhlela idatha ku-scatterplot, amaphethini nezindlela zokuthatha idatha zingabonakala. Isibonelo, kungabonakala ukuthi i-variable ilandela iphethini ethile ekhulayo noma enciphayo.
Ubudlelwano ku-Scatter Diagram
Ekuhlaziyweni kwe-scatterplot, kubalulekile ukuqonda umqondo wokuxhumana, olinganisa amandla obudlelwano phakathi kweziguquguquko ezimbili. Ukuxhumana kungaba kuhle, kubi, noma kube yi-zero:
1. Ubudlelwano Obuhle: Kwenzeka lapho ukwanda kwenani le-variable eyodwa kulandelwa ukwanda kwenani le-variable enye. Kumdwebo, amaphuzu edatha azokwakha umugqa noma ijika elikhuphuka kusukela phansi kwesobunxele liye phezulu kwesokudla.
2. Ubudlelwano Obungalungile: Kwenzeka lapho ukwanda kwenani le-variable eyodwa kulandelwa ukwehla kwenani le-variable enye. Kumdwebo, amaphuzu edatha akha umugqa noma ijika eliwela phansi kusukela phezulu kwesobunxele liye phansi kwesokudla.
3. Ukuxhumana Okungenalutho: Kwenzeka lapho kungekho buhlobo obucacile phakathi kweziguquguquko ezimbili. Amaphuzu edatha azohlakazeka ngokungahleliwe ngaphandle kwephethini ecacile.
Indlela Yokwenza Ishadi Lokuhlakaza
Ukuze udale i-scatterplot, landela lezi zinyathelo:
1. Qoqa Idatha: Lungisa amasethi amabili edatha, ngalinye limelela iziguquguquko u-x no-y.
2. Nquma Isikali Nama-Axes: Nquma isikali se-x-axis kanye ne-y-axis ngokusekelwe kububanzi benani lalezi ziguquguquko ezimbili.
3. Idatha Yesakhiwo: Hlela amanani amabili eziguquguquko ezimbili njengamaphuzu kugrafu.
4. Ukuhlaziywa: Qapha indaba ukuze unqume noma yimaphi amaphethini noma izitayela ezingaba khona bese ubala ukuhlobana ukuze kuhlolwe ngokujulile.
Isibonelo se-Scatter Diagram
Ake sithi sinedatha ngokuphakama (ngamasentimitha) kanye nesisindo (ngamakhilogremu) sabantu abayishumi:
| Ukuphakama (cm) | Isisindo Somzimba (kg) |
|——————-|——————|
| 160 | 55 |
| 165 | 60 |
| 170 | 65 |
| 175 | 70 |
| 180 | 75 |
| 185 | 80 |
| 190 | 85 |
| 195 | 90 |
| 200 | 95 |
| 205 | 100 |
Ngokuhlela lolu lwazi kumdwebo wokuhlakaza, sizobona ukuthi kukhona ubudlelwano obuhle phakathi kokuphakama nesisindo.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwangempela Kwemidwebo Yokusakaza
Imidwebo ye-Scatterplot isetshenziswa emikhakheni eyahlukene kanye nezimboni ukuze kuhlaziywe idatha ngokujulile. Ezinye izibonelo zomhlaba wangempela zifaka:
1. Impilo: Ukunquma ubudlelwano phakathi kwezici ezahlukene zezempilo njengokudla nomfutho wegazi, noma isikhathi sokulala kanye namazinga okukhiqiza nsuku zonke.
2. Ezomnotho: Ukuhlaziywa kokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nenzuzo, kubhekwe ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinto eziguquguqukayo ezifana namazinga enzalo kanye namazinga okwehla kwamandla emali.
3. Imfundo: Ukuhlola ukuhlobana phakathi kwesikhathi sokufunda kanye namaphuzu okuhlolwa kwabafundi ukuze kuqondwe izici ezithonya ukusebenza kwezemfundo.
4. Ibhizinisi: Ekukhangiseni ukukala ukusebenza kahle komkhankaso wokukhangisa ngokuhlela izindleko zokukhangisa ngokumelene nokwenyuka kokuthengisa.
Ukulinganiselwa Kwemidwebo Ye-Scatter
Naphezu kokuba nezinzuzo eziningi, ama-scatterplot nawo anemikhawulo ethile:
1. Akachazi Imbangela: Ubudlelwano obubonakala ku-scatterplot abusho ubudlelwano bembangela nomphumela. Ubudlelwano bubonisa kuphela ukuthi kukhona ubudlelwano, kodwa abuchazi imbangela noma isiqondiso salobo budlelwano.
2. Kunzima Kudatha Enkulu Kakhulu: Endabeni yedatha enkulu kakhulu, ama-scatterplot angaba makhulu kangangokuthi kunzima ukuwachaza.
3. Iziguquguquko Ezimbili Kuphela: I-scatterplot ingabonisa kuphela ubudlelwano phakathi kweziguquguquko ezimbili. Kubudlelwano obuhilela iziguquguquko ezingaphezu kwezimbili, kudingeka amasu okuhlaziya ama-multivariate.
Isiphetho
Ama-Scatterplot ayithuluzi elinamandla ekuhlaziyeni izibalo kanye nedatha ukuze abone futhi ahlaziye ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinto ezimbili eziguquguqukayo. Ngokusiza ekuboneni ukuhlobana, izitayela, kanye nezinto ezingaphandle, enza kube lula ukuqonda okujulile kwedatha. Nakuba enemikhawulo ethile, ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwama-scatterplot kunganikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile okusekela ukwenza izinqumo ezingcono emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene. Ukuqonda ukuthi ungadala futhi uhlaziye kanjani ama-scatterplot kuyikhono elibalulekile kunoma ubani osebenza ngedatha.
