Isibonelo Semibuzo Yengxoxo Ngombono Wesakhiwo Sendawo Yasemadolobheni
Ithiyori yesakhiwo sendawo yasemadolobheni iyisici esibalulekile sokutadisha i-geography kanye nokuhlela kwesifunda. Le thiyori isisiza ukuqonda ukuthi ukwakheka, ukusatshalaliswa, kanye nokusebenzisana kwezingxenye ezahlukene ngaphakathi kwedolobha kwenzeka kanjani. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngezibonelo eziningana zezinkinga ezivame ukuhlangatshezwana nazo esifundweni sethiyori yesakhiwo sendawo yasemadolobheni, kanye nengxoxo ejulile ngayinye.
I-Pendahuluan
Amadolobha ayizikhungo eziyinkimbinkimbi zemisebenzi yabantu, lapho kwenzeka khona imisebenzi eminingi yezenhlalo, yezomnotho, kanye neyamasiko. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi kudala isidingo sokuqonda ukuthi amadolobha ahlelwe futhi athuthuke kanjani. Kuye kwasungulwa imibono eminingana ukuchaza isakhiwo sendawo yamadolobha, okuhlanganisa imibono egxile, yesigaba, kanye nemibono eminingi eyinhloko.
Umbono Wokwakheka Kwendawo Yasemadolobheni
Ngaphambi kokuba singene engxoxweni, kubalulekile ukuqonda le mbono kuqala:
1. Ithiyori Yendawo Egxilile
Yasungulwa ngu-E.W. Burgess ngo-1925, le mbono iveza amadolobha akhula kusukela enkabeni ngezindilinga eziqondile. Indilinga engaphakathi yisifunda sebhizinisi esimaphakathi (i-CBD), kulandele izindawo zokushintsha, izindawo zokuhlala zesigaba sabasebenzi, njalo njalo emaphethelweni.
2. Ithiyori Yomkhakha
Le mbono, eyethulwa nguHomer Hoyt ngo-1939, ithi amadolobha athuthuka emikhakheni esukela enkabeni. Umkhakha ngamunye uthuthuka ngokusekelwe ezinhlotsheni zokusetshenziswa komhlaba njengezindawo zezimboni, izindlu zesigaba esiphakathi, njalo njalo.
3. Ithiyori Ye-Nuclei Eningi
Eyasungulwa ngu-C.D. Harris no-E.L. Ullman ngo-1945, le mbono ithi amadolobha awathuthuki esuka enkabeni eyodwa ephakathi, kodwa kunalokho avela ezikhungweni ezahlukene zemisebenzi. Lezi zihlanganisa izifunda zebhizinisi, izindawo zezimboni, nezinye, ngasinye sakha inkaba yaso.
Imibuzo Eyisibonelo Nengxoxo
Umbuzo 1:
Ithiyori egxile ekuqondeni ichaza kanjani intuthuko yasemadolobheni kanye nezici zayo zenhlalo-zomnotho? Chaza izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwale thiyori.
Ingxoxo:
Ithiyori kaBurgess egxile emizini ichaza amadolobha akhula kusukela enkabeni kuya ngaphandle ngendlela yokuhlela izindawo eziyindilinga. Enkabeni kukhona i-CBD, elandelwa izindawo ezifana nezindawo zokushintsha (eziqukethe izimboni ezilula nezindlu zabantu abahola kancane) kanye nezindawo zokuhlala, eziba yigugu kakhulu njengoba ziqhubeka.
Izinzuzo:
– Ubulula Bokubona Izinto: Le mbono yenza kube lula ukuqonda intuthuko yasemadolobheni ngesakhiwo esilula.
– Ukugxila Kwezenhlalo Nezomnotho: Kuchaza umthelela wentuthuko yezomnotho ekusatshalalisweni kwezenhlalo kanye nendawo.
Ukushoda:
– Kulula: Ayinaki intuthuko yezokuthutha zesimanje kanye nobuthakathaka bendawo yedolobha.
– Akuyona Yonke Indawo: Ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa kuwo wonke amadolobha, ikakhulukazi lawo angathuthuki ngendlela eqondile.
Umbuzo 2:
Chaza ukuthi ithiyori yomkhakha ingamela kanjani ukungalingani kwezenhlalo-zomnotho ekuthuthukisweni kwamadolobha bese unikeza izibonelo zokusetshenziswa kwayo.
Ingxoxo:
Ithiyori kaHoyt yomkhakha isikisela ukuthi intuthuko yasemadolobheni yenzeka ngezigaba, noma izingcezu, ezakhiwe enkabeni yedolobha, ngezinhlobo ezithile zokusetshenziswa komhlaba ezithatha ingxenye ngayinye. Isibonelo, izindawo zokuhlala eziphezulu zingase zikhule ngezigaba eziseduze nezici zemvelo ezikhangayo noma imizila emikhulu yezokuthutha.
Izibonelo Zokusetshenziswa:
– Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwesimanje: Emadolobheni esimanje, izindawo ezinezindawo ezinhle zokuhamba zomphakathi zihloselwe ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zezentengiselwano noma izindlu zesigaba esiphakathi.
– Ukuhlukaniswa Kwezomnotho: Ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, imikhakha ehlukene ingabonisa ukuhlukana okucacile phakathi kwezindawo zokuhlala zabantu abasezingeni eliphezulu kanye nabantu abasezingeni eliphansi, okubonisa ukufinyelela okungalingani ezinsizeni nasezintweni zasemadolobheni.
Umbuzo 3:
Ithiyori eyinhloko eminingi ingakunikeza kanjani ukuqonda okujulile ngentuthuko yesifunda sasemadolobheni kunethiyori egxile kanye neyesigaba?
Ingxoxo:
Ithiyori ye-multiple core yethula umqondo wokuthi amadolobha athuthuka esuka ezikhungweni eziningi zomsebenzi noma "ezindaweni eziyinhloko," kunokuba abe yisizinda esisodwa esiyinhloko. Lokhu kungenxa yobunzima bomsebenzi wabantu nowezomnotho, lapho izindawo ezifana nezindawo zezimboni, izindawo zokuhlala, kanye nezikhungo zebhizinisi zingathuthuka ngokuzimela.
Ukuqonda Okunikeziwe:
– Ukusebenza Kahle Kokuqoqwa Kwemisebenzi: Ingqikithi ngayinye ingasebenza kahle kakhulu emisebenzini ethile, njengezindawo zezimboni ezikude nezindawo zokuhlala ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcola.
– Ukuzivumelanisa Nezinguquko Zezobuchwepheshe: Izikhungo ezahlukene zemisebenzi zenza kube lula ngamadolobha ukuzivumelanisa nezinguquko zezomnotho nezobuchwepheshe, njengokuvela kwezikhungo zobuchwepheshe eziba yizikhungo zemisebenzi yebhizinisi yanamuhla kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha.
– Ukwehlukahlukana Kwezomnotho Nezenhlalo: Ukukhuthaza ukukhula komnotho okulinganayo kanye nokunciphisa ukugcwala kobumpofu endaweni ethile.
Isiphetho
Ithiyori yesakhiwo sendawo yasemadolobheni iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuhlaziya elisisiza siqonde ukuguquguquka kwentuthuko yasemadolobheni. Zonke izinkolelo-mbono ezixoxwa ngazo, kungaba ezigxile, ezigxile emkhakheni, noma eziningi, zinamandla nobuthakathaka bazo. Zinikeza uhlaka lokuhlaziywa okujulile kokuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye zedolobha. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi idolobha ngalinye lihlukile ekusetshenzisweni kwalo futhi lingadinga inhlanganisela yalezi zinkolelo-mbono ukuze kuqondwe ngokuphelele. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe kanye namacala angempela kunconywa kakhulu ukuze kutholakale ukuqonda okunembile nokufanelekile ngesimo sanamuhla sanamuhla.
