Isibonelo Semibuzo Exoxa Ngombono Wendawo
I-Pendahuluan
Ithiyori yendawo iyisici esibalulekile sezomnotho kanye nejografi, ihlaziya ukuthi izici ezahlukene zithonya kanjani izinqumo zokubekwa kwemisebenzi yezomnotho. Lezi zici zifaka phakathi amaholo abasebenzi, izindleko zokuhamba, ukusondela ezintweni zokusetshenziswa, kanye nezimakethe. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngezinkinga eziyisampula kuthiyori yendawo, sichaze imiqondo eyinhloko nokuthi ingasetshenziswa kanjani ezimweni ezahlukene zomnotho.
Imiqondo Eyisisekelo Yethiyori Yendawo
Ithiyori yendawo ihilela imiqondo eminingana ebalulekile, okuhlanganisa:
1. Ithiyori Yendawo KaVon Thünen: Igxila ekubekweni kwemisebenzi yezolimo ngokubheka izindleko zokuhamba eziya ezimakethe zasemadolobheni.
2. Ithiyori Yendawo KaWeber: Ukunquma indawo yezimboni ngokusekelwe ezindlekweni zokuhamba, abasebenzi, kanye nezici zokuhlanganisa.
3. Ithiyori Yendawo KaChristaller: Ichaza iphethini yendawo yezikhungo zesevisi ngomqondo wezindawo ezisebenzayo ezincintisanayo.
4. Ithiyori Yendawo YaseLosch: Ithuthukisa ithiyori yesikhungo sesevisi ngokucabangela amaphethini okuphakelwa kanye nesidingo.
5. Ithiyori Yokuziphatha: Inaka izici zamasiko, ezengqondo, kanye nezenhlalo ekunqumeni indawo yebhizinisi.
Imibuzo Eyisibonelo Nengxoxo
Nazi ezinye izibonelo zemibuzo ezingasiza ekuqondeni ukuthi inkolelo-mbono yendawo isetshenziswa kanjani ezimweni zangempela:
Umbuzo 1: Indawo Yezolimo Esekelwe kuVon Thünen
Umbuzo:
Unedolobha elizungezwe amapulazi. Izindleko zokuhamba kanye namanani emikhiqizo yezolimo ami kanje:
– Izindleko zokuthutha imikhiqizo yezolimo = Rp. 500/ton/km
– Intengo kakolweni emakethe yedolobha = Rp. 2.000.000/ton
– Intengo yommbila emakethe yedolobha = Rp. 1.800.000/ton
Thola indawo efanelekile yokutshala ukolweni nommbila ukuze uthole inzuzo ephezulu.
Ingxoxo:
Ngokusho kwemodeli yeVon Thünen, umhlaba oseduze nezimakethe zasemadolobheni uvame ukuba ngcono kakhulu ezitshalweni ezinamanani aphezulu kanye nezindleko zokuthutha eziphakeme.
– Ukolweni: Intengo kakolweni iphakeme kunommbila, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuwutshala eduze kwedolobha ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zokuhamba.
– Ummbila: Lesi sitshalo singatshalwa kude nedolobha ngoba intengo iphansi.
Ifomula esetshenzisiwe:
Inzuzo = Intengo – (Izindleko Zokuhamba Ibanga)
Ukuze siqhathanise inzuzo yokutshala ebangeni elihlukene (ngamakhilomitha), singabala sisebenzisa ifomula kakolweni nommbila, sicabangela amabanga amaningana.
Umbuzo 2: Indawo Yezimboni Esekelwe ku-Weber
Umbuzo:
Inkampani yokukhiqiza kumele ikhethe phakathi kwezindawo ezimbili zefektri. Izici okufanele zicatshangelwe zifaka phakathi izindleko zokuthutha izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nemikhiqizo eqediwe, kanje:
– Isayithi A: Kuseduze nezinto zokusetshenziswa, kude nemakethe.
– Isayithi B: Kude kakhulu nezinto zokusetshenziswa, kuseduze nemakethe.
– Izindleko zokuhamba ngezinto ezingavuthiwe: Rp. 100/iyunithi/km
– Izindleko zokuthutha umkhiqizo oqediwe: Rp. 150/iyunithi/km
– Ibanga ukusuka emthonjeni wezinto ezibonakalayo kuya eSayithi A = 10 km, kuya eSayithi B = 50 km
– Ibanga ukusuka eSizeni A ukuya emakethe = 70 km, ukusuka eSizeni B ukuya emakethe = 20 km
Nquma ukuthi iyiphi indawo engcono ukuze unciphise izindleko zokuhamba eziphelele.
Ingxoxo:
Ngokusho kombono kaWeber, kufanele sibale izindleko zokuhamba eziphelele endaweni ngayinye bese sikhetha ephansi kakhulu.
Isayithi A:
– Izindleko zokuhamba ngezinto ezingavuthiwe = 10 km Rp. 100/iyunithi/km
– Izindleko zokuthutha umkhiqizo oqediwe = 70 km Rp. 150/iyunithi/km
Isayithi B:
– Izindleko zokuhamba ngezinto ezingavuthiwe = 50 km Rp. 100/iyunithi/km
– Izindleko zokuthutha umkhiqizo oqediwe = 20 km Rp. 150/iyunithi/km
Ngokubala izindleko eziphelele zalezi zindawo zombili, singanquma ukuthi iyiphi eyonga kakhulu inkampani.
Umbuzo 3: Indawo Yesikhungo Sezinsizakalo Ngokusekelwe kuChristaller
Umbuzo:
Esifundeni esinamadolobha amaningana, kunesidingo sesikhungo esisha sokuthenga. Izici ezicatshangelwayo inani labantu bedolobha kanye nebanga ukusuka edolobheni ukuya esikhungweni sesifunda. Kunikezwe idatha elandelayo:
– Idolobha 1: Inani labantu abangu-50.000, ibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-10
– Idolobha 2: Inani labantu abangu-100.000, ibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-30
– Idolobha 3: Inani labantu abangu-80.000, ibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-20
Isikhungo sokuthenga kufanele sibe kuphi?
Ingxoxo:
Ngokusho kombono kaChristaller, indawo efanelekile yesikhungo sesevisi ivame ukuba seduze nedolobha elinabantu abaningi kanye namabanga amafushane. Izibalo zingasebenzisa ifomula ehlanganisa ukusondela kwabantu kanye nebanga lokuhamba ukuze kwandiswe ukumbozwa kwamakhasimende okungenzeka.
– Isilinganiso Sendawo = Inani Labantu / Ibanga
- Bala amaphuzu omuzi ngamunye bese unquma indawo engcono kakhulu ngamaphuzu aphezulu.
Isiphetho
Ithiyori yendawo inikeza amamodeli ahlukahlukene okuqonda ukuguquguquka kokubekwa kwemisebenzi yezomnotho. Empeleni, izici ezifana nezindleko, ukufinyelela emakethe, kanye nezinye izinto eziguquguqukayo zomphakathi nezomphakathi zidlala indima ebalulekile ezinqumweni zendawo. Ukuqonda le mibono kungasiza kakhulu ekwenzeni izinqumo ekuhleleni indawo kanye nesu lebhizinisi.
Ngokuxoxa ngemibuzo eyisibonelo engenhla, singabona ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kwendawo efanele kunganikeza inzuzo yokuncintisana ngokwenza ngcono izindleko nokuthuthukisa ukufinyelela emakethe. Imodeli ngayinye yethiyori yendawo inikeza umbono ohlukile ongasetshenziswa ezidingweni ezithile zenkampani noma ibhizinisi lezomnotho.
