Imibuzo Eyisibonelo Exoxa Ngokwakheka Kwemisipha Enezinsini Eziqinile
Imisipha iyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yemisipha emzimbeni womuntu, ivumela ukunyakaza, isekela ukuzinza, futhi idlala indima emisebenzini eyahlukene yomzimba. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zemisipha emzimbeni womuntu: imisipha ebushelelezi, imisipha yenhliziyo, kanye nemisipha e-striated. Lesi sihloko sigxile esakhiweni semisipha e-striated, eyaziwa nangokuthi imisipha yamathambo, nokuthi isebenza kanjani. Ukuze sikusize ekuqondeni kwakho, sizokunikeza nezibonelo zezinkinga kanye nezingxoxo mayelana nemisipha e-striated.
Isakhiwo Semisipha Enezingqimba
Imisipha eqondile ithola igama layo ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okunemigqa noma okunemigqa uma ibukwa nge-microscope. Imisipha eqondile inesakhiwo esihlelekile kakhulu futhi iqukethe imicu yemisipha emide ebizwa ngokuthi ama-myofibrils. I-myofibril ngayinye yakhiwe ngamayunithi amancane abizwa ngokuthi ama-sarcomeres, okuyiyunithi encane kakhulu esebenzayo yemisipha eqondile.
I-sarcomere ngayinye inephethini yamabhande amnyama nakhanyayo abangelwa ukuhlelwa kwamaprotheni e-actin ne-myosin. Lawa maprotheni enza imisipha ikwazi ukufinyela nokuphumula. I-Actin iyiprotheni encane ye-filament, kanti i-myosin iyi-filament ejiyile etholakala maphakathi ne-sarcomere. Lokhu kuxhumana phakathi kwe-actin ne-myosin yikho okwenza imisipha ifinyele.
Umsebenzi Wemisipha Eqinile
Imisipha ethambile idlala indima ebalulekile emisebenzini eyahlukahlukene yomzimba, njengokunyakaza nokugcina ukuma. Ngokungafani nemisipha ebushelelezi, esebenza ngokungazi (ngaphandle kokuqaphela), imisipha ethambile isebenza ngokuzithandela (ngaphansi kokulawulwa okuqaphelayo). Uhlelo lwezinzwa oluhambisana nomzimba luyala ukufinyela kwemisipha yamathambo ukuze kukhiqize ukunyakaza.
Ukufinyela Kwemisipha Enezingqimba
Uma imisipha ehlungiwe ithola isignali evela ohlelweni lwezinzwa, ama-ion e-calcium akhishwa ku-sarcoplasmic reticulum aye ku-sarcoplasm. Lawa ma-ion e-calcium abalulekile ekusebenzisaneni phakathi kwe-actin ne-myosin, okubangela ukuthi ama-filament e-actin ashelele phezu kwama-filament e-myosin, afinyeze i-sarcomere futhi abangele ukuthi imisipha ifinyele.
Imibuzo Nengxoxo
Nazi ezinye zezibonelo zemibuzo ehlobene nesakhiwo, umsebenzi, kanye nendlela yokuqina kwemisipha ehlanganisiwe kanye nezingxoxo zayo ukuze ujulise ukuqonda kwakho.
Umbuzo 1:
Chaza umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwemisipha ehlanganisiwe kanye nemisipha ebushelelezi, kokubili ngokwesakhiwo kanye nomsebenzi.
Ingxoxo:
Imisipha eqondile nebushelelezi inezakhiwo nemisebenzi ehlukene. Imisipha eqondile inokubukeka okuqondile noma okunemigqa ngoba yakhiwe ama-sarcomere aqukethe i-actin ne-myosin filaments ezihlelwe njalo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, imisipha ebushelelezi ayinazo lezi migqa ngoba ayinazo ama-sarcomere ahlelekile. Imisipha eqondile isebenza ngokungazi (ngokuzithandela) futhi ihilelekile ekunyakazeni komzimba okuqaphelayo, njengokuhamba noma ukuphakamisa izinto. Imisipha ebushelelezi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isebenza ngokungazi, ilawula imisebenzi engaqondakali njengokunyakaza komgudu wokugaya ukudla noma ukuminyana kwemithambo yegazi.
Umbuzo 2:
Iyini i-sarcomere futhi iyini indima yayo ekuncipheni kwemisipha okunezingqimba?
Ingxoxo:
I-sarcomere iyiyunithi encane kakhulu yokwakha nokusebenza kwemisipha ehlanganisiwe. Yakhiwe yi-filaments yamaprotheni e-actin ne-myosin, ehlelwe ngendlela yamabhande amnyama nakhanyayo. Lapho imisipha ifinyela, i-filaments ye-actin ne-myosin ishelela idlule i-filaments ye-myosin. Lokhu kufinyezwa kwe-sarcomere kuvumela imisipha ukuthi ifinyele.
Umbuzo 3:
Iyini indima yama-ion e-calcium enkambisweni yokufinyela kwemisipha ehlanganisiwe?
Ingxoxo:
Ama-ion e-calcium adlala indima ebalulekile ekuqineni kwemisipha okune-striated. Lapho uhlelo lwezinzwa lubonisa ukuqala kokuqinelana, i-sarcoplasmic reticulum ikhipha ama-ion e-calcium ku-sarcoplasm. Lawa ma-ion e-calcium abe esebopha iphrotheni ye-troponin ekhona kuma-filament e-actin, okubangela ushintsho olushintsha iphrotheni ye-tropomyosin futhi luveze izindawo zokubopha kuma-filament e-actin. Lokhu kuvumela amakhanda e-myosin ukuthi abophane ne-actin futhi aqalise umjikelezo wokuqinelana ngomsebenzi we-ATPase.
Umbuzo 4:
Kungani imisipha eqondile ibizwa ngokuthi imisipha yamathambo futhi ihlobene kanjani namathambo?
Ingxoxo:
Imisipha egobile ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi imisipha yamathambo ngoba ivame ukunamathela emathanjeni ngemisipha. Lapho imisipha egobile igobile, ikhiqiza amandla abangela ukuba amathambo anyakaze. Ngakho-ke, imisipha egobile namathambo asebenza ndawonye ukudala ukunyakaza komzimba okuhlelekile. Amandla akhiqizwa ukugobileka kwemisipha asetshenziselwa ukuhambisa amathambo, okwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke efana nokuhamba, ukugijima, ukuphakamisa, nokudonsa.
Umbuzo 5:
Kwenzekani emisipheni ehlanganisiwe lapho umzimba ufa?
Ingxoxo:
Ngemva kokufa, ama-ion e-calcium avame ukugcinwa ku-sarcoplasmic reticulum ayakhishwa ngenxa yokulahlekelwa yiseli ikhono lokugcina i-gradient yama-ion. Lokhu kubangela ukufinyela kwemisipha okuqhubekayo, isimo esaziwa ngokuthi i-rigor mortis. Lesi simo siyaqhubeka kuze kube yilapho amaprotheni emisipha eqala ukuwohloka ngenqubo yokubola.
Ngokuqonda izindlela eziyisisekelo zemisipha ehlanganisiwe kanye nokwakha izinkinga ezihlobene, singajulisa ulwazi lwethu ngomsebenzi obalulekile wale misipha ekunyakazeni nasekukhuthazeleni komuntu. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile hhayi kuphela ezimweni zemfundo kodwa futhi nasekusetshenzisweni okungokoqobo, okuhlanganisa impilo kanye nokuvuselelwa ngokomzimba.
