Imibuzo Eyisibonelo kanye Nengxoxo Yezibalo
Izibalo ziyigatsha lezibalo eliphathelene nokuqoqwa, ukuhlaziywa, ukuchazwa, kanye nokwethulwa kwedatha. Amathuluzi ezibalo asetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, njengezomnotho, ubunjiniyela, ezempilo, kanye nesayensi yezenhlalo, ukuqonda izenzakalo ezibonwe. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngezibonelo eziningana zezinkinga zezibalo kanye nezincazelo zazo ukuze sikusize uqonde kangcono lo mqondo.
1. Izakhiwo Zedatha Nezinhlobo Zokusabalalisa
Isibonelo Sombuzo 1:
Umcwaningi uqoqe idatha kubantu abangu-30 abaphendulile ukuze anqume isilinganiso sobudala babantu edolobhaneni. Iminyaka elandelayo yabhalwa phansi:
25, 30, 22, 28, 34, 29, 31, 24, 26, 27, 29 30 31 33 35 24 26 28 29 27 30 32 26 25 28 31 29 30 24 32 XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX XNUMX, XNUMX, XNUMX, XNUMX, XNUMX
Kubuziwe:
1. Bala isilinganiso (isilinganiso) sedatha.
2. Nquma i-median yedatha.
Ingxoxo:
1. Ukubala isilinganiso:
Isilinganiso yisamba sawo wonke amanani ahlukaniswe ngenani ledatha.
Isilinganiso = (25 + 30 + 22 + 28 + 34 + 29 + 31 + 24 + 26 + 27 + 29 + 30 + 31 + 33 + 35 + 24 + 26 + 28 + 29 + 27 + 30 + 32 + 26 + 25 + 28 + 31 + 29 + 30 + 24 + 32) / 30
Isilinganiso = 840 / 30 = 28
Ngakho-ke, isilinganiso sobudala sabantu bakuleli dolobhana siyiminyaka engama-28.
2. Ukunquma Okuphakathi:
Isinyathelo sokuqala ekubaleni i-median ukuhlunga idatha kusukela kwencane kuya kwenkulu.
Idatha ehleliwe: 22, 24, 24, 24, 25, 25, 26, 26, 27, 27, 28, 28, 28, 29, 29, 29, 29, 30, 30, 31, 31, 32, 32, 33, 34, 35
Njengoba inani ledatha lingu-30 (elilinganayo), i-median iyisilinganiso samanani amabili aphakathi.
Amanani aphakathi enombolo 15 kanye nenombolo 16 angama-29 kanye nama-29.
Okuphakathi = (29 + 29) / 2 = 29
Ngakho-ke, isilinganiso sedatha siyiminyaka engama-29.
2. Ukuphambuka Okujwayelekile Nokwehluka
Isibonelo Sombuzo 2:
Okulandelayo yidatha yenani lezivakashi zansuku zonke esitolo ngesonto elilodwa: 120, 135, 150, 165, 180, 195, 210.
Kubuziwe:
1. Bala ukuhlukahluka kwedatha.
2. Bala ukuphambuka okujwayelekile kwedatha.
Ingxoxo:
1. Ukubala isilinganiso:
Isilinganiso = (120 + 135 + 150 + 165 + 180 + 195 + 210) / 7 = 1155 / 7 = 165
Ngakho-ke, isilinganiso sezivakashi zansuku zonke singu-165.
2. Ukubala Ukwehluka:
Umehluko \(\sigma^2\) uyisilinganiso sezikwele zomehluko phakathi kwedatha ngayinye kanye nesilinganiso.
Ukwehluka = \(\sum_{i=1}^{n} (x_i – \mu)^2 / n\)
Lapho i-\(x_i\) iyidatha ngayinye, i-\(\mu\) iyisilinganiso, kanti i-n iyinombolo yedatha.
\((120-165)^2 = 2025\)
\((135-165)^2 = 900\)
\((150-165)^2 = 225\)
\((165-165)^2 = 0\)
\((180-165)^2 = 225\)
\((195-165)^2 = 900\)
\((210-165)^2 = 2025\)
Isamba Esiphelele = 2025 + 900 + 225 + 0 + 225 + 900 + 2025 = 6300
Ukwehluka = 6300 / 7 = 900
2. Ukubala Ukuphambuka Okujwayelekile:
Ukuphambuka okujwayelekile kuyimpande yesikwele yokwehluka.
Ukuphambuka okujwayelekile = \(\sqrt{900}\) = 30
Ngakho-ke, ukuhluka kwedatha yezivakashi zansuku zonke kungu-900 kanti ukuphambuka okujwayelekile kungu-30.
3. Ukusatshalaliswa Kwemvamisa kanye ne-Histogram
Isibonelo Sombuzo 3:
Dala ithebula lokusatshalaliswa kwemvamisa kanye ne-histogram ngokusekelwe kudatha elandelayo ekhombisa amaphuzu okuhlolwa abafundi abangu-20:
I-45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 50, 55, 60, 65
Kubuziwe:
1. Lungisa ithebula lokusatshalaliswa kwemvamisa elinezikhawu zeklasi ezi-5.
2. Dala i-histogram ngokusekelwe kuthebula lokusatshalaliswa kwemvamisa.
Ingxoxo:
1. Ukuhlanganisa Ithebula Lokusabalalisa Imvamisa:
Isikhawu sekilasi esisetshenzisiwe singu-5.
| Isikhawu Sekilasi | Imvamisa |
|——————-|———–|
| 45 – 49 | 1 |
| 50 – 54 | 2 |
| 55 – 59 | 2 |
| 60 – 64 | 4 |
| 65 – 69 | 3 |
| 70 – 74 | 2 |
| 75 – 79 | 2 |
| 80 – 84 | 2 |
| 85 – 89 | 2 |
| 90 – 94 | 1 |
2. Ukudala i-Histogram:
I-histogram iwumfanekiso ocacile wethebula lokusatshalaliswa kwemvamisa. Isikhawu ngasinye sekilasi simelelwa yibha, futhi ukuphakama kwebha kukhombisa imvamisa yayo.
Ukuze uyihlele, ungasebenzisa isofthiwe efana ne-Excel noma amanye amathuluzi okubuka idatha. Nasi isibonelo esilula se-histogram enjalo:
``
Isikhawu Sekilasi: x-axis (45-49, 50-54, …, 90-94)
Imvamisa: i-y-axis
| 4
| 3 x
| 2 xxxxxx
| 1 xxxxxxxx
|————————————–
45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85-89 90-94
``
Qaphela: Ukumelwa ngezinhlamvu ze-ASCII akunembile ngokuphelele. Sebenzisa isofthiwe yehluzo ukuze uthole ukumelwa okufaneleka kakhudlwana.
Isiphetho
Ngale mibuzo nezingxoxo eziyisibonelo, sifunde ukuthi singabala kanjani isilinganiso, isilinganiso, ukuhlukahluka, kanye nokuphambuka okujwayelekile, kanye nendlela yokwakha amathebula okusabalalisa imvamisa kanye nama-histogram kusuka kudatha. Lokhu kuqonda kubalulekile ekuhlaziyeni idatha ngempumelelo kanye nokwenza izinqumo ngokusekelwe olwazini olunembile lwezibalo.
Izibalo ziyithuluzi elinamandla ocwaningweni nasekusetshenzisweni okusebenzayo. Uma siqonda kangcono imiqondo eyisisekelo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo, kulapho singakwazi khona ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi senze izinqumo ezinolwazi.
