Imibuzo Eyisibonelo Exoxa Ngencazelo Yezitshalo Nezilwane
Ngokuvamile, sivame ukuzwa amagama athi izitshalo nezilwane lapho sifunda ngebhayoloji noma i-ecology. La magama amabili abhekisela ezingxenyeni zemvelo ezibalulekile ezisebenzisana ekugcineni ibhalansi yemvelo. Kulesi sihloko, sizojulisa ukuqonda kwethu imiqondo yezitshalo nezilwane futhi sinikeze izibonelo zezinkinga nezingxoxo ukuze siqonde kabanzi le miqondo.
Ukuqonda Izitshalo Nezilwane
I-Flora ibhekisela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo ezitholakala esifundeni noma enkathini ethile. Leli gama livela kwelesiLatini elithi "Flora," elibhekisela kunkulunkulukazi wezimbali ezinganekwaneni zamaRoma. I-Flora ihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo, kusukela ezihlahleni ezinkulu nasezitshalweni eziqhakazayo kuya kuma-mosses kanye ne-algae. I-Flora ihlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana ngokusekelwe esifundeni sayo sendawo, njengezitshalo zasezindaweni ezishisayo, izitshalo zasehlane, kanye nezitshalo zasezintabeni. Lezi zitshalo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlinzekeni umoya-mpilo, imithombo yokudla, kanye nezindawo zokuhlala zezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, izilwane zibhekisela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala esifundeni noma enkathini ethile. Igama elithi "izilwane" lithathwe egameni likankulunkulukazi wamaRoma wokuzala, owayefanekisela umhlaba futhi evikela izilwane. Izilwane zihlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zezidalwa eziphilayo, kusukela ezilwaneni ezinkulu njengezindlovu namabhubesi kuya ezidalweni ezincane njengezinambuzane nezilwanyana ezincane. Izilwane nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ibhalansi yezemvelo ngokusebenzisa izintambo zayo zokudla eziyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezinqubo zokuzala.
Ubudlelwano Phakathi Kwezitshalo Nezilwane
Izitshalo nezilwane azihlali zodwa, kodwa zincike komunye nomunye. Izitshalo (izitshalo) zihlinzeka nge-oxygen kanye nokudla kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane (izilwane), kuyilapho izilwane zisiza enqubweni yokuvundisa impova kanye nokusabalala kwembewu. Isibonelo, izinyosi, eziyizilwane, ziyasiza enqubweni yokuvundisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo. Okwamanje, izilwane ezidla uhlaza zithola ukudla kwazo ngqo ezitshalweni. Lokhu kusebenzisana kwakha isisekelo sezindawo ezahlukene zemvelo eMhlabeni.
Isibonelo sezinkinga
Ukuze ujulise ukuqonda kwakho ngezitshalo nezilwane, nansi eminye imibuzo eyisibonelo kanye nezingxoxo ezingakusiza ukuhlola ulwazi lwakho namakhono akho okuhlaziya:
umbuzo 1
Yimuphi umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezitshalo nezilwane ezindaweni zemvelo zasehlane kanye nezindawo zemvelo zemvula eshisayo?
Ingxoxo:
Izindawo zemvelo zasehlane kanye namahlathi emvula ashisayo anezimpawu zezitshalo nezilwane ezihluke kakhulu ngoba zithonywa yizimo zazo zemvelo.
– Izitshalo zasehlane: Izitshalo zasehlane zivame ukuba nezimo ezikhethekile zokusinda ezindaweni ezomile nezimbi kakhulu. Izitshalo ezifana ne-cacti zineziqu ezigcina amanzi namaqabunga aguqulwe abe yizinsika ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhwamuka kwamanzi.
– Izitshalo Emahlathini Emvula Asezindaweni Ezishisayo: Okwamanje, izitshalo emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo zivame ukuba namaqabunga abanzi ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-photosynthesis ezindaweni ezinomswakama. Lezi zitshalo ziyahlukahluka, kufaka phakathi ama-fern, ama-mosses, kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezihlahla ezinkulu.
– Izilwane Zasehlane: Izilwane zasehlane, njengezinyoka zesihlabathi, amakamela, nezimpungushe ze-fennec, zinezindlela zokuzivumelanisa nezimo ukuze zibhekane namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokuntuleka kwamanzi. Amakamela, isibonelo, anekhono lokugcina amanzi emizimbeni yawo ukuze asinde esomeni.
– Izilwane Ezihlala Emahlathini Emvula Ashisayo: Izilwane ezihlala emahlathini emvula ashisayo zifaka izinhlobo eziningi zezinambuzane, izinyoni, nezilwane ezincelisayo ezihlala phansi kwehlathi kanye naphansi kwehlathi. Ukwehlukahlukana kwezilwane lapha ngokuvamile kuphakeme kakhulu ngenxa yokutholakala kokudla kanye nendawo enhle.
umbuzo 2
Ubudlelwano bokusebenzisana phakathi kwezitshalo nezilwane bungathinta kanjani imvelo? Nikeza isibonelo.
Ingxoxo:
Ubudlelwano bokusebenzisana phakathi kwezitshalo nezilwane buvame ukuthonya ukuzinza kanye nempilo yesimiso sezinto eziphilayo sisonke. Ukusebenzisana kungaba yinto ehambisanayo, ehlanganisa izilwane, noma ehambisanayo.
– Ukubambisana: Isibonelo esivamile sobudlelwano obuhambisanayo siphakathi kwezimbali nezinyosi. Izimbali zinikeza umpe oludingwa yizinyosi, kuyilapho izinyosi zisiza izimbali ekuthuthweni kwempova, okwenza kube lula ukuzala kwezitshalo.
– I-Parasitism: Isibonelo se-parasitism ubuhlobo phakathi kwe-tapeworm nesilwane esisiphethe. Lapha, i-tapeworm ithola ukudla okunempilo esilwaneni esisiphethe, kodwa ilimaza isiphethe sayo ngokuyincisha izakhamzimba ezibalulekile.
– I-Commensalism: Isibonelo, i-orchid enamathele esiqwini somuthi ithola indawo enhle yokuthola ukukhanya kwelanga, kuyilapho umuthi ungalimali futhi ungazuzi.
Lokhu kusebenzisana kukhombisa indlela izinto eziphilayo ezithintana ngayo endaweni ezungezile kanye nendlela izinguquko kubantu abathile ezingathinta ngayo abanye.
Isiphetho
Ukuqonda imiqondo yezitshalo nezilwane kanye nobudlelwano bazo ngaphakathi kwezindawo zemvelo kubalulekile ekugcineni ibhalansi yemvelo. Ngalesi sihloko, imibuzo eyisibonelo, kanye nengxoxo, kunethemba lokuthi abafundi bazojulisa ukuqonda kwabo futhi baqonde izindima kanye nokusebenzisana okwenzeka emhlabeni wemvelo. Ngokuhlonipha nokuvikela izitshalo nezilwane, sinikela ekulondolozweni kwemvelo kanye nekusasa elingcono leplanethi.
Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa ingxenye encane kuphela yobubanzi obukhulu be-ecology. Ukuze ube nolwazi oluthe xaxa kanye nochwepheshe kulo mkhakha, kunconywa ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda futhi ucwaninge kabanzi mayelana nokusebenzisana okuyingqayizivele kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo okuboniswa yizinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo nezilwane emhlabeni jikelele.
