Imibuzo Eyisibonelo kanye Nengxoxo Ngokulingana Kokwabiwa Kwemali Engenayo
Ukusatshalaliswa kwemali engenayo kuyinkinga ebalulekile kwezomnotho kuwo wonke amazwe. Kuphathelene nendlela imali engenayo esatshalaliswa ngayo phakathi kwabantu noma amaqembu ngaphakathi kwezwe. Ukusatshalaliswa kwemali engenayo ngokulinganayo kubhekwa njengokubalulekile ekufezeni ubulungiswa bezenhlalo nezomnotho obuqhubekayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizogxila kakhulu kulo mqondo ngokunikeza izibonelo nezingxoxo.
I-Pendahuluan
Ukusatshalaliswa kwemali engenayo okungalingani kungaholela ekunganeliseki emphakathini, kwandise ubugebengu, futhi kuvimbele ukukhula komnotho jikelele. Ngakho-ke, amazwe amaningi alwela ukulinganisela ukusatshalaliswa kwemali engenayo ngezinqubomgomo ezahlukahlukene.
Ukuze uqonde ukuthi uhulumeni angathonya kanjani ukwabiwa kwemali engenayo kanye nezinkinga ezivela ekusabalaleni okungalingani, kubalulekile ukuqonda umqondo oyisisekelo wokulingana kokwabiwa kwemali engenayo.
Isibonelo sezinkinga
Ake sithi izwe linamaqembu amathathu emali engenayo: aphansi, aphakathi nendawo, naphezulu. Njengamanje, iqembu elinemali engenayo ephansi lithola imali engenayo yanyanga zonke engama-Rp 3 million, iqembu eliphakathi lithola ama-Rp 8 million, kanye neqembu elinemali ephezulu lithola ama-Rp 20 million. Uhulumeni uhlela ukusebenzisa izinguquko zentela kanye nezibonelelo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukulingana.
Inkinga iwukuthi: Uhulumeni uphakamisa uhlelo olulandelayo:
1. Qoqa intela engu-10% emaqenjini anemali engenayo ephezulu nephakathi.
2. Nikeza uxhaso lwemali engenayo kumaqembu anemali engenayo ephansi engu-IDR 1 million ngenyanga ngomuntu ngamunye.
3. Uma sicabanga ukuthi iqembu ngalinye linani elifanayo labantu, okungukuthi abayi-1.000.000, bala imali engenayo etholwe yiqembu ngalinye ngemva kokuguqulwa kwentela kanye nokuxhaswa. Le nqubomgomo iphumelela kangakanani ekubhekaneni nokulingana kwemali engenayo?
Ingxoxo
Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, ake sihlaziye kancane kancane umthelela wenqubomgomo ehlongozwayo.
1. Bala imali engenayo ngemva kwentela yamaqembu anemali engenayo ephakathi nendawo kanye naphezulu:
– Iqembu Eliphakathi:
– Imali engenayo ngaphambi kwentela = IDR 8 million/umuntu
– Intela ka-10% = Rp. 8 million x 10% = Rp. 0,8 million
– Imali engenayo ngemva kwentela = Rp. 8 million – Rp. 0,8 million = Rp. 7,2 million/umuntu
– Iqembu Eliphezulu:
– Imali engenayo ngaphambi kwentela = IDR 20 million/umuntu
– Intela ka-10% = Rp. 20 million x 10% = Rp. 2 million
– Imali engenayo ngemva kwentela = Rp. 20 million – Rp. 2 million = Rp. 18 million/umuntu
2. Bala intela iyonke eqoqwe nguhulumeni:
– Intela iyonke evela esigabeni esiphakathi = 0,8 million x 1.000.000 abantu = Rp. 800 million
– Intela iyonke evela eqenjini eliphakeme = 2 million x 1.000.000 abantu = Rp. 2.000 million
– Intela iyonke eqoqwe = Rp. 800 million + Rp. 2.000 million = Rp. 2.800 million
3. Sabalalisa uxhaso kumaqembu anemali engenayo ephansi:
– Isibonelelo ngomuntu ngamunye = IDR 1 million
– Isamba semali yoxhaso yamaqembu anemali engenayo ephansi = Rp. 1 million x 1.000.000 abantu = Rp. 1.000 million
4. Bala imali engenayo ngemva koxhaso lweqembu eliphansi:
– Imali engenayo ngaphambi koxhaso = IDR 3 million
– Imali engenayo ngemva koxhaso = IDR 3 million + IDR 1 million = IDR 4 million/umuntu
5. Ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela:
– Iqembu Eliphansi: Imali engenayo ephakathi nendawo ingu-IDR million 4/umuntu.
– Iqembu Eliphakathi: Isilinganiso semali engenayo ngemva kwentela singama-IDR ayizigidi ezingu-7,2 ngomuntu ngamunye.
– Iqembu Eliphezulu: Isilinganiso semali engenayo ngemva kwentela yi-IDR eyizigidi ezingu-18/umuntu.
Ingxoxo Nokuhlaziywa
Ngemva kwalezi zinguquko, ukulingana kwathuthuka kancane impela. Iqembu labantu abahola kancane libone imali engenayo yalo ikhuphuka isuka ku-Rp 3 million yaya ku-Rp 4 million, kanti amanye amaqembu ehla kancane. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imali engenayo yonyaka yeqembu labantu abahola kakhulu isadlula kakhulu eyamaqembu abantu abahola imali ephakathi nendawo nabaphansi.
Lezi zinguquko zingasebenza kangcono uma zihlanganiswa namanye amasu afana nokuguqulwa kwezemfundo, ukufinyeleleka okuthuthukisiwe kwezempilo, kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwamakhono kwamaqembu aswele. Lokhu kunganikeza amaqembu anemali engenayo ephansi ithuba elikhulu lokukhulisa imali engenayo yawo ngokukhulisa umkhiqizo.
Isiphetho
Ukusatshalaliswa kwemali engenayo ngokulinganayo akuyona nje indaba yokusatshalaliswa kwentela kanye nokuxhaswa ngemali. Nakuba izinqubomgomo zentela kanye nokuxhaswa ngemali zinganikeza usizo olusheshayo futhi zandise amazinga emali engenayo yamaqembu aswele, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uhulumeni udinga ukucabangela ezinye izici ezahlukahlukene, njengokulungela abasebenzi, izinqubomgomo zemfundo, kanye namathuba ezomnotho alinganayo.
Ukwabiwa kwemali engenayo okuphumelelayo kudinga indlela enezici eziningi futhi kumele kuhlelwe ngokucophelela ukuze kube nomthelela omuhle hhayi nje kuphela ezibalweni zezibalo, kodwa nasenhlalakahleni yomphakathi wonke.
Ukuqaliswa kwenqubomgomo yezomnotho kumele kucabangele isimo senhlalo kanye namasiko omphakathi ukuqinisekisa ukwamukelwa kwayo kanye nokusebenza kwayo ekuthuthukiseni inhlalakahle yazo zonke izigaba zomphakathi. Ngokuthuthukisa ukwabiwa kwemali engenayo, kunethemba lokuthi ukungalingani komphakathi kungancishiswa futhi inhlalakahle yomphakathi iyonke ingathuthukiswa.
