Imibuzo Eyisibonelo kanye Nengxoxo Nge-Cryptometry
I-Cryptomery iyinto yofuzo lapho i-gene ingabonisi ngqo imiphumela yayo kodwa kunalokho idinga ukuba khona kwezinye izakhi zofuzo ukuze ibonise uhlobo lwayo. Leli gama laqanjwa okokuqala yisazi sezakhi zofuzo saseJalimane u-Erich von Tschermak, owaphawula ukuthi ezinye izici zezitshalo zivela kuphela lapho kwenzeka ukusebenzisana okuthile phakathi kwezakhi zofuzo ezithile.
Isingeniso ku-Cryptometry
Ukuze uqonde i-cryptomeria, cabanga ngesimo lapho kukhona khona izakhi zofuzo ezimbili ezisebenzisanayo: i-gene A kanye ne-gene B. I-Gene A idinga i-gene B ukuthi iveze isici esithile, yize i-gene B ingasithonyi ngqo leso sici. Lokhu kufana nobudlelwano phakathi kwama-enzyme nama-cofactor ku-biochemistry—lapho i-cofactor idingeka khona ukuze i-enzyme isebenze futhi isebenze kahle.
Isibonelo, ake sithi sihlola umbala wembali. Ake sithi i-gene A ikhiqiza umbala obomvu. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwe-gene B, lo mbala ngeke ukhiqizwe. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe i-gene A ikhona ku-genotype, umbala obomvu ngeke uvele embalini ngaphandle kokuba khona kwe-gene B, esebenza njenge-"activator".
Imibuzo Yesibonelo Se-Cryptometry
Ukuze kube lula ukuqonda i-cryptomery, ake sixoxe ngenkinga eyisibonelo.
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Umbuzo:
Ekuhlolweni kokuhlanganisa izitshalo eziqhakazayo, kwakukhona izakhi zofuzo ezimbili: i-gene A (ekhiqiza umbala) kanye ne-gene B (umbala osebenzayo). Umbala obomvu uvela kuphela uma zombili izakhi zofuzo u-A no-B zikhona ku-genotype yesitshalo. Uma i-genotype ingenayo izakhi zofuzo u-A noma u-B, noma enye yalezi zakhi zofuzo ikhona ngesimo esiphindaphindayo (a noma u-b), isitshalo sizoba nezimbali ezimhlophe.
1. Thola uhlobo lwenzalo oluvela ekuhlanganisweni kwesitshalo esine-genotype AaBb kanye nesitshalo esine-genotype aabb.
2. Chaza amathuba ephesenti le-phenotype ngayinye evela kulesi siphambano.
Ingxoxo:
Ukuze sixazulule le nkinga, kumele siqale siqonde ukuthi i-gene A ikhiqiza obomvu kuphela uma i-gene B nayo ikhona. Ngakho-ke, sizosebenzisa indlela yesikwele ye-Punnett ukuthola izinhlobo ze-genotype zenzalo.
Isinyathelo 1: Thola ama-Gametes
– Isitshalo 1 (AaBb) singakhiqiza izinhlobo ezine zama-gametes: AB, Ab, aB, ab
– Isitshalo 2 (aabb) singakhiqiza uhlobo olulodwa lwe-gamete: ab
Isinyathelo 2: Hlanganisa iThebula lePunnett
Sakha ithebula likaPunnett ukuze sibone imiphumela yesiphambano:
``
| ab |
------
AB | AaBb |
U-Ab | U-Aabb |
aB | aaBb |
ab | aabb |
``
Isinyathelo 3: Thola uhlobo lwe-Phenotype
– I-AaBb: Inezakhi zofuzo ezimbili u-A no-B, ngakho-ke i-phenotype yizimbali ezibomvu.
– I-Aabb: Ine-gene A kodwa ayinayo i-gene B ngesimo esivelele, ngakho-ke i-phenotype yizimbali ezimhlophe.
– aaBb: Ayinayo i-gene A ngesimo esivelele, ngakho-ke i-phenotype yizimbali ezimhlophe.
– aabb: Ayinalo ijini lika-A noma lika-B ngesimo esivelele, ngakho-ke i-phenotype yizimbali ezimhlophe.
Isinyathelo 4: Ithebula Lokulinganisa I-Phenotype
Kulezi zinhlobo ezine ezingaba khona, eyodwa kuphela ezoba ne-phenotype yezimbali ezibomvu. Ezinye zizoba ne-phenotype yezimbali ezimhlophe.
Ngakho-ke:
– Izimbali ezibomvu: 1/4 noma 25%
– Izimbali ezimhlophe: 3/4 noma 75%
Ingxoxo Nokuhlaziywa
Kusukela emiphumeleni engenhla, singaphetha ngokuthi noma ngabe i-gene A ekhiqiza umbala obomvu ikhona, ngaphandle kwe-gene B ngesimo sayo esibusayo, umbala obomvu ngeke uvezwe. Lesi simo sibonisa ukuthi i-cryptomeria idinga ukusebenzisana phakathi kwalezi zakhi zofuzo ukuze ibonise izici ezithile.
Lesi simo sivame ukutholakala ekulawulweni kokuthuthukiswa kwezici eziyinkimbinkimbi, lapho i-gene eyodwa ingakwazi "ukufihla" imiphumela yayo ize ihlangane nenye i-gene. Lesi simo siwusizo ekuqondeni ukuthi ukushintshashintsha kwezakhi zofuzo kusebenza kanjani ezingeni elijulile kunokubusa nje kanye nokuwohloka.
Ukubaluleka Kwezifundo Ze-Cryptometric
Ukuqonda i-cryptomeria kunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile mayelana nezakhi zofuzo zezitshalo nezilwane kanye nokuzalanisa. Kwezolimo, isibonelo, ukuqonda izakhi zofuzo ezihilelekile ekukhiqizweni kombala kungasiza abalimi bezitshalo ukuthi bakhe izinhlobo ezintsha ezinemibala efiselekayo. Kwezokwelapha nge-bio, ulwazi ngokusebenzisana kwezakhi zofuzo lungasiza ocwaningweni ngezifo ezibangelwa ukusebenzisana kwezakhi zofuzo okuyinkimbinkimbi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lwe-cryptomeria luphonsela inselelo imiqondo yakudala yezimpawu ezibusayo neziphindaphindayo ezifundiswa ku-genetics eyisisekelo ngokubonisa ukuthi izakhi zofuzo zingaba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho okubonakala ku-Mendelian faith elula.
Isiphetho
I-Cryptomery iqokomisa indlela ubunzima bezakhi zofuzo obusebenza ngayo ekuzuzeni ifa, okubandakanya ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho okuchazwe kumodeli eyisisekelo kaMendel. Ngalesi sibonelo, singabona ukuthi ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezakhi zofuzo kungathonya kanjani ama-phenotype, nokuthi kungani ukuqonda lo mqondo kubalulekile ocwaningweni lwezakhi zofuzo lwanamuhla.
Ngokutadisha i-cryptomeria, sizokwazi kangcono ukuklama izivivinyo zofuzo ezingcono, sithuthukise ikhwalithi yemiphumela ekuzalweni kwezitshalo nezilwane, futhi sithuthukise izindlela zokwelapha zofuzo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu empilweni.
