Isibonelo Semibuzo Yengxoxo Yokusabalalisa Okufanayo
Ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kungenye yezinhlobo ezilula kakhulu zokusatshalaliswa kwamathuba kuzibalo. Kuhlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo okuhlukile kanye nokusatshalaliswa okufanayo okuqhubekayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngazo zombili izinhlobo zokusatshalaliswa okufanayo, sinikeze izibonelo, futhi sixoxe ngezixazululo zalezi zinkinga.
Ukusatshalaliswa Okufanayo Okuhlukile
Ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo okuhlukile kuwukusatshalaliswa kwamathuba lapho umphumela ngamunye ongaba khona wokuhlolwa noma umcimbi unethuba elilinganayo lokwenzeka. Izibonelo ezilula kakhulu ukugoqa idayisi elifanele noma ukukhetha ikhadi kusuka kusethi yamakhadi afanayo.
Isibonelo Umbuzo 1
Umbuzo:
Idayi elilinganayo linezinhlangothi ezi-6 ezinenombolo 1 kuya ku-6. Thola amathuba okuthola u-4 kuroli eyodwa yedayi.
Ingxoxo:
Njengoba uhlangothi ngalunye lwe-fair die lunamathuba alinganayo okuvela, singasho ukuthi amathuba ohlangothini ngalunye yilawa:
I-P(A) = 1/n
Lapho u-n kuyinani eliphelele lemiphumela engaba khona. Kulesi simo, u-n = 6.
Ngakho-ke, amathuba okuthola inombolo 4 yilawa:
P(4) = 1/6 ≈ 0.167 noma 16.7%
Isibonelo Umbuzo 2
Umbuzo:
Ibhokisi liqukethe amabhola ayi-10 anenombolo 1 kuya ku-10. Uma ibhola elilodwa lidonswa ngokungahleliwe, thola amathuba okuthi ibhola elidonsiwe linenombolo enkulu kuno-7.
Ingxoxo:
Inani lamabhola afanelekile amabhola anenombolo 8, 9, kanye no-10. Ngakho-ke, kunebhola elifanelekile eli-3 kumabhola ayi-10 esewonke.
P(B) = inani lamabhola ahlangabezana nezimo / amabhola aphelele
P(B) = 3/10 = 0.3 noma 30%
Ukusatshalaliswa Okufanayo Okuqhubekayo
Ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo okuqhubekayo ukusatshalaliswa lapho wonke amanani ngaphakathi kwesikhawu esinikeziwe enethuba elilinganayo lokwenzeka. Lokhu kusatshalaliswa kuvame ukuvela ezimweni lapho yonke imiphumela ngaphakathi kobubanzi obunikeziwe inamathuba alinganayo.
Isibonelo Umbuzo 3
Umbuzo:
Ake sithi u-X uyi-variable engahleliwe esatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo phakathi kuka-0 no-1. Thola amathuba okuthi u-X uphakathi kuka-0.25 no-0.75.
Ingxoxo:
Ukuze kube nokusatshalaliswa okufanayo okuqhubekayo, ubuningi bamathuba buhlala bunjalo kuyo yonke inkathi. Kulesi simo, inkathi isukela ku-0 iye ku-1, okusho ukuthi ubuningi bamathuba (f(x)) bungu-1 ngoba ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kumele kube nendawo ephelele ngaphansi kwejika lika-1.
Amathuba okuthi u-X aphakathi kuka-0.25 no-0.75 angabalwa njengendawo engaphansi kwejika le-PDF (Probability Density Function) phakathi kwale mingcele emibili.
P(0.25 ≤ X ≤ 0.75) = (b – a) / (d – c)
Lapho u-a no-b kuyimingcele ephansi nephezulu yesikhawu esisifunayo, kanti u-c no-d kuyimingcele yokusatshalaliswa okufanayo. Kulesi simo, u-a = 0.25, u-b = 0.75, u-c = 0, kanye no-d = 1.
P(0.25 ≤
Ngakho-ke, amathuba okuthi u-X uphakathi kuka-0.25 no-0.75 angama-0.5 noma ama-50%.
Isibonelo Umbuzo 4
Umbuzo:
Ukulinganisa kwenziwa ngethuluzi elinokusatshalaliswa okufanayo kokunemba phakathi nesikhathi [2, 5]. Thola amathuba okuthi ukulinganisa kuveza inani eliphakathi kuka-3 no-4.
Ingxoxo:
Ukuze kusatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo esikhaleni [2, 5], ubuningi bamathuba buhlala njalo futhi indawo iyonke ngaphansi kwejika ingu-1. Ngakho-ke, ubuningi bamathuba (f(x)) bungu-1/(5-2) = 1/3.
Amathuba okuthi isilinganiso siphakathi kuka-3 no-4 yilawa:
P(3 ≤ X ≤ 4) = (b – a) / (d – c)
Lapho u-a no-b beyimingcele yesikhawu esisifunayo, kanti u-c no-d beyimingcele yokusatshalaliswa okufanayo. Kulesi simo, u-a = 3, u-b = 4, u-c = 2, no-d = 5.
P(3 ≤ X ≤ 4) = (4 – 3) / (5 – 2) = 1/3 ≈ 0.333 noma 33.3%
Isiphetho
Ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kuyithuluzi eliwusizo kakhulu ekuhlaziyweni kwamathuba kanye nezibalo ngenxa yobulula bako kanye nokulula kokuqonda. Kuzo zombili izinhlobo ezihlukene neziqhubekayo, ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imiphumela ngaphakathi kobubanzi obunikeziwe inamathuba afanayo.
Amaphuzu Abalulekile
1. Ukusabalalisa Okufanayo Okuhlukile: Amathuba omphumela ngamunye ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuthile ayafana. Isibonelo: ukuphonsa idayisi elifanele.
2. Ukusabalalisa Okufanayo Okuqhubekayo: Ubuningi bamathuba abuguquguquki phakathi nesikhathi. Isibonelo: ukulinganisa ubude noma isisindo ngethuluzi elinembile ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuthile.
Ngokuqonda lo mqondo nangezibonelo nezingxoxo, singasebenzisa kalula ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo ezimweni ezahlukahlukene zomhlaba wangempela kanye nocwaningo. Lokhu kusiza ekucaciseni izimo ezinemiphumela engaba khona ngokulinganayo, kungaba ngesimo esihlukile noma esiqhubekayo.
Ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo akusizi nje kuphela ezibalweni, kodwa futhi nakwezesayensi yamakhompyutha, ubunjiniyela, ezomnotho, kanye neminye imikhakha eminingi lapho kudingeka khona ukwenza izinqumo noma ukuhlaziywa kwedatha. Isibonelo, ekulingiseni kweMonte Carlo, ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-vector angahleliwe ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuthile, abese esetshenziselwa ukuhlola izimo nemiphumela eyahlukahlukene.
Sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sikusizile ukuthi uqonde kangcono ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kanye nendlela yokuxazulula izinkinga ngakho. Qhubeka uzijwayeza ukuze ube yingcweti kulo mqondo futhi uwusebenzise ezimweni zangempela eziphathelene nensimu yakho.
