Isibonelo semibuzo yokushaja kagesi

Izibonelo ezingu-20 zemibuzo yokushaja kagesi

1. Uma ingilazi igcotshwa ngendwangu kasilika, okwenzekayo...
A. Indwangu kasilika ineshaja kagesi enhle
Ingilazi ye-B. ineshaja kagesi engemihle
Ama-proton e-C. asuka engilazini aye endwangu kasilika
Ama-electron e-D. asuka engilazini aye endwangu kasilika
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UBenjamin Franklin (1706–1790), isazi sezombusazwe saseMelika kanye nososayensi, wasikisela ukubiza izinhlobo ezimbili ze-charge ngokuthi i-positive charge kanye ne-negative charge. Waziqamba ngokuthi ishaja kagesi njengasengilazini njengeshaja elungile kanye neshaja kagesi njengasepulasitikini njengeshaja engalungile.
Isilika eshajelwe ngogesi idonsela ingilazi eshajelwe ngogesi. Ngenxa yokuthi ingilazi ishajelwe kahle, isilika iba ne-negative charge.
Ingilazi ishajelwe kahle, okusho ukuthi ingilazi inama-proton amaningi kanye nokuntuleka kwama-electron, lapho ama-electron eshintsha esuka engilazini aye endwangwini kasilika.
Isilika eshajelwe kabi isho ukuthi isilika inama-electron amaningi, lapho isilika ithola khona ama-electron engeziwe engilazini.
Impendulo efanele ngu-D.

2. Ingilazi ehlikihlwe ngendwangu kasilika izoshajwa kahle. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba...
A. Ama-electron asuka kusilika aye engilazini
Ama-electron e-B. asuka engilazini aye endwangu kasilika
Ama-proton e-C. asuka kusilika aye engilazini
Ama-proton e-D. asuka engilazini aye endwangu kasilika
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Ingilazi ishajwa kahle ngoba ama-electron asuka engilazini aye kusilika, okwenza ingilazi ibe nama-proton amaningi (ishaja enhle). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, indwangu kasilika ishajwa kabi ngoba indwangu kasilika ithola ama-electron avela engilazini, okwenza indwangu kasilika ibe nama-electron amaningi (ishaja embi).
Okunyakazayo ngesikhathi sokuhlikihla ama-electron, hhayi ama-proton. Ama-electron angaphandle futhi angahamba esuka kwenye into aye kwenye, kuyilapho ama-proton etholakala ngaphakathi noma enkabeni ye-athomu futhi awakwazi ukuhamba esuka kwenye into aye kwenye.
Impendulo efanele ingu-B.

3. Bheka isithombe esilandelayo sokuhlola!
Into B yenziwe ngepulasitiki futhi ihlikihlwe ngezinwele bese isondela entweni A elenga ngokukhululeka. Kuvela ukuthi into A iyasuka ku-B. Ngakho-ke, kungaphethwa ngokuthi...
U-A. U-A no-B banezindleko ezingezinhle
U-B. A no-B banezindleko ezinhle
C. U-A ukhokhiswe kahle, u-B ukhokhiswe kabi
D. U-A ukhokhiswe kabi, u-B ukhokhiswe kahle
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UBenjamin Franklin (1706–1790), isazi sezombusazwe saseMelika kanye nososayensi, wasikisela ukubiza izinhlobo ezimbili zeshaja njengezinhle nezimbi. Kwavunyelwana kamuva ukuthi ishaja kagesi engilazini yayinhle kanti ishaja kagesi epulasitikini yayimbi.
Njengoba amashaji exoshana, ngakho-ke izinto ezixosha ipulasitiki zineshaja efanayo nepulasitiki, okungukuthi ishaja engemihle.
Impendulo efanele ngu-A.

4. Into esondelene nerula lepulasitiki elinogesi iyaxoshwa. Uma into isondelene nengilazi enomgesi, izodonswa, ngakho into...
A. ishajeke kahle
B. ishajelwe kabi
C. ukushaja okuhle nokubi
D. ukhokhiswe ukhokhiswe
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Ishaja kagesi, njengaleyo esengilazini, ibhekwa njengelungile, kanti ishaja kagesi, njengaleyo esepulasitikini, ibhekwa njengelungile. Uma into ixosha ipulasitiki eshaja kagesi futhi idonsela ingilazi eshaja kagesi, into ibhekwa njengelungile.
Impendulo efanele ingu-B.

5. Izinwele ezigcotshwe ngepulasitiki zizoshaja kabi ngoba...
Ama-electron e-A. asuka epulasitiki aye ezinweleni
Ama-proton e-B. asuka epulasitikini aye ezinweleni
Ama-electron e-C. asuka ezinweleni aye epulasitikini
Ama-proton e-D. asuka ezinweleni aye epulasitikini
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UBenjamin Franklin (1706–1790), isazi sezombusazwe saseMelika kanye nososayensi, wasikisela ukubiza izinhlobo ezimbili zeshaja ngokuthi ezinhle nezimbi. Wabe esebiza ishaja kagesi engilazini ngokuthi enhle kanye neshaja kagesi epulasitiki ngokuthi embi.
Into ngayinye yakhiwe ngama-athomu noma ama-molecule. Ama-athomu aqukethe ama-electron ashajwe kabi, ama-proton ashajwe kahle, kanye nama-neutron angathathi hlangothi kagesi. Ama-electron atholakala ngaphandle kwama-athomu, okuwavumela ukuthi ahambe kalula esuka kwenye into aye kwenye, kuyilapho ama-proton etholakala maphakathi ne-athomu, okuwavimbela ukuthi ahambe.
Ipulasitiki, noma yini, iba ne-negative charge ngenxa yobuningi bama-electron. Ngenxa yokuthi ipulasitiki ihlikihlwa ezinweleni, kuphethwa ngokuthi ama-electron asuka ezinweleni aye epulasitikini.
Impendulo efanele ngu-C.

6. Uma amacala amabili afanayo ehlanganiswa ndawonye, ​​​​azo...
A. okuphambene
B. ukuheha nokuxosha
C. ukwenqaba
D. ukudonsa impi
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Uma kuhlanganiswa amacala amabili afanayo, ayaphikisana futhi amacala amabili angafani lapho kuhlanganiswa ayakhangana.
Impendulo efanele ngu-C.

7. Amashaja amane u-A, u-B, u-C, no-D. U-A no-B bayaxoshana. U-A no-C bayadonselana, kuyilapho u-C no-D bexoshana. Uma u-B eneshaja kagesi evumayo, khona-ke...
U-A. U-D une-negative charge, u-C une-positive
B. U-C une-negative charge, u-D une-positive
U-C. D une-negative charge, u-A une-positive
D. U-A ushajwe kahle, u-C ushajwe kahle
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Uma u-B ekhokhiswe kahle khona-ke:
U-A no-B bayaxoshana, ngakho-ke uma u-B eshajwe kahle khona-ke u-A ushajwe kahle.
U-A no-C bayakhangana, ngakho-ke uma u-A eshajwe kahle khona-ke u-C ushajwe kabi.
U-C no-D bayaxoshana, ngakho-ke uma u-C eshajwe kabi kusho ukuthi u-D ushajwe kabi.
Impendulo efanele ngu-C.

8. Umfundi ufuna induku yengilazi ivele njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni futhi ishajeke kahle. Ukuze enze lokhu, uhlikihla induku yengilazi ngezinhlobo ezimbili zendwangu ngokushintshana.
Isenzakalo esenzeka ngenxa yokukhuhlana kwaba….
A. Ama-electron avela endwangwini ngiwayisa engilazini
B. Ama-electron avela endwangwini II aya engilazini
C. Ama-electron avela engilazini aya endwangwini I
D. Ama-electron avela engilazini aya endwangu II
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Uma ingilazi ihlikihlwa ngesilika, ama-electron asuka engilazini aye kusilika, okwenza ingilazi ibe nama-proton amaningi kanti isilika ibe nama-electron amaningi. Ama-proton aneshaja enhle kanti ama-electron aneshaja embi, ngakho-ke ingilazi iba neshaja enhle kanti isilika iba neshaja embi.
Uma ipulasitiki ihlikihlwa ngoboya, ama-electron asuka eboyeni aye epulasitikini, okwenza ipulasitiki ibe nama-electron amaningi kanti uboya bube nama-proton amaningi. Ama-proton aneshaja enhle kanti ama-electron aneshaja embi, ngakho-ke ipulasitiki iba neshaja embi kanti indwangu yoboya ishaja kahle.
Impendulo efanele ngu-C.

9. Uma irula lepulasitiki lihlikihlwa ngezinwele ezomile bese libanjwa eduze kwezingcezu ezincane zephepha, iphepha lizonamathela kurula. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi irula lepulasitiki lishajwe ngogesi...
A. positive, ngoba ama-electron avela ezinweleni ageleza aye epulasitikini
B. positive, ngoba ama-electron avela epulasitikini aya ezinweleni
C. negative, ngoba ama-electron avela ezinweleni ageleza aye epulasitikini
D. negative, ngoba ama-electron avela epulasitikini aya ezinweleni
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Ngokwesivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe, izinhlobo ezimbili zokushaja kagesi zibizwa ngokuthi ezinhle nezimbi. Ukushaja kagesi engilazini kubizwa ngokuthi okuhle, kanti ukushaja kagesi epulasitikini kubizwa ngokuthi okubi.
Into ngayinye yakhiwe ngama-athomu noma ama-molecule. Ama-athomu aqukethe ama-electron ashajwe kabi, ama-proton ashajwe kahle, kanye nama-neutron angathathi hlangothi kagesi. Ama-electron atholakala ngaphandle kwama-athomu, okuwavumela ukuthi ahambe kalula esuka kwenye into aye kwenye, kuyilapho ama-proton etholakala maphakathi ne-athomu, okuwavimbela ukuthi ahambe.
Ipulasitiki, noma yini, iba ne-negative charge ngenxa yobuningi bama-electron. Ngenxa yokuthi ipulasitiki ihlikihlwa ezinweleni, kuphethwa ngokuthi ama-electron asuka ezinweleni aye epulasitikini.
Impendulo efanele ngu-C.

10. Ukuhlolwa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi nezinto zokwakha njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esilandelayo:
Ngemva kokuhlikihlwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngendwangu, irula lepulasitiki lingadonsa izingcezu ezincane zephepha njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso II. Lokhu kufakazela ukuthi irula lishajwe ngogesi…..
A. Kuhle, ngoba ikhiphe amanye ama-electron ayo
B. Okuhle, ngoba inani lama-proton ku-nucleus ye-athomu liyakhula
C. Okubi, ngoba ithole ama-electron athile endwangu.
D. Okubi, ngoba inani lama-electron ku-orbit engaphandle liyancipha
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Ishaja kagesi engilazini kuvunyelwene ngayo emhlabeni wonke ukuthi ilungile, kanti ishaja kagesi epulasitikini kuvunyelwene ngayo emhlabeni wonke ukuthi ilungile. Ipulasitiki, noma yini, iba ne-negative charge ngenxa yama-electron amaningi. Ngenxa yokuthi ipulasitiki ihlikihlwa ngendwangu, kuphethwa ngokuthi ama-electron adlula esuka endwangwini aye epulasitikini.
Impendulo efanele ngu-C.

11. Ukuhlolwa kokushaja ugesi ongashintshi kusetshenziswa amathuluzi nezinto zokwakha njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esilandelayo:

Ngemva kokuhlikihlwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngendwangu (isithombe 1), irula lepulasitiki lingadonsa izingcezu ezincane zephepha njengoba kuboniswe kusithombe 2. Lokhu kufakazela ukuthi irula lishajwe ngogesi…
A. Kuhle, ngoba ikhiphe amanye ama-electron ayo
B. Okuhle, ngoba inani lama-proton ku-ruler liyakhula
C. Okubi, ngoba ithole ama-electron athile endwangu.
D. Okubi, ngoba ama-electron avela ku-ruler aya endwangu
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Ishaja kagesi engilazini kuvunyelwene ngayo emhlabeni wonke ukuthi ishaja enhle kanti ishaja kagesi epulasitikini kuvunyelwene ngayo emhlabeni wonke ukuthi ishaja embi.
Ipulasitiki, noma yini, iba ne-negative charge ngenxa yobuningi bama-electron. Ukuhlikihla ipulasitiki ngendwangu kubonisa ukuthi ama-electron adluliselwa kusuka endwangu aye epulasitikini.
Impendulo efanele ngu-C.

12. Bheka isithombe serula lepulasitiki lihlikihlwa ngendwangu yoboya ngezansi!

Ngemva kokuba irula lepulasitiki lihlikihlwe ngoboya, ukugeleza kwama-electron kanye nokushaja okwenzeka kurula lepulasitiki kuya...

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Ishaja kagesi engilazini kuvunyelwene ngayo emhlabeni wonke ukuthi ishaja enhle kanti ishaja kagesi epulasitikini kuvunyelwene ngayo emhlabeni wonke ukuthi ishaja embi.
Ipulasitiki, noma yini, iba ne-negative charge ngenxa yobuningi bama-electron. Uma kuhlikihlwa ipulasitiki ngoboya, kuphethwa ngokuthi ama-electron adluliselwa kusuka kuboya aye epulasitikini.
Impendulo efanele ngu-D.

13. Inqubo yokushaja ugesi ongashintshi ingenzeka epulasitikini ehlikihlwa ngoboya. Isitatimende esifanele etafuleni sithi...

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Ngokwesivumelwano sezazi zesayensi yefiziksi, uma ipulasitiki ishajwa ngogesi, ipulasitiki ishajwa kabi, kuyilapho uboya obuhlikihlwe ngepulasitiki bushajwa kahle.

Ipulasitiki eshajeke kabi = ipulasitiki enama-electron amaningi = ipulasitiki yamukela ama-electron
Uboya bushajwe kahle = uboya buntula ama-electron = uboya bulahlekelwa ama-electron

Impendulo efanele ngu-C.

14. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa kokuhlikihla ingilazi nepulasitiki ngendwangu yesilika neyoboya ukuze kutholakale ishaja kagesi iboniswe kuthebula elilandelayo!
Isitatimende esifanele mayelana nemiphumela yokuhlolwa sithi….

A. (1)
B. (2)
C. (3)
D. (4)

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Ngokusho kwesivumelwano sezazi zesayensi, uma ipulasitiki ishajwa ngogesi, iba ne-negative charge, kuyilapho uboya obuhlikihlwe ngepulasitiki buba ne-positive charge. Ngokufanayo, uma ingilazi ishajwa ngogesi, iba ne-positive charge, kuyilapho isilika ihlikihlwe ngengilazi iba ne-negative charge.

Ipulasitiki ishajelwe kabi (ipulasitiki inama-electron amaningi) kuyilapho uboya bushajelwe kahle (uboya buntula ama-electron) = ama-electron avela kuboya aya epulasitikini.
Ingilazi ishajelwe kahle (ingilazi ayinawo ama-electron) kanti indwangu kasilika ishajelwe kabi (indwangu kasilika inama-electron amaningi) = ama-electron asengilazini aya endwangu kasilika.

Impendulo efanele ngu-A.

15. Uma ingilazi ihlikihlwa ngendwangu yesilika, kuzovela ukushaja kukagesi kokubili engilazini kanye nasendwangu yesilika. Kuleli thebula elilandelayo, incazelo efanele ithi….
Ingxoxo
Ngokwesivumelwano sezazi zesayensi, uma ingilazi igcotshwa ngendwangu kasilika, ingilazi izoshajwa kahle kanti indwangu kasilika izoshajwa kabi.

Ingilazi eshajeke kahle = ingilazi ilahlekelwa ama-electron.
Isilika eshajelwe kabi = isilika ithola ama-electron.

Impendulo efanele ngu-A.

16. Bheka izinto ezinhlanu ezishajwe ngogesi ngezansi!
Into q₁ kanye no-q₅ amacala angalungile, kuyilapho amacala ezinye izinto ezintathu engaziwa. Uma u-q₁ kusondele kakhulu₂ kukhona ukudonsisana kwempi, q₅ kusondele kakhulu₃ ukudonsa impi, q₂ kusondele kakhulu₄ ukuxosha. Isiphetho sokushaja kagesi q₂, q₃, kanye no-q₄ kuyinto…

A. okuhle, okuhle, okuhle
B. okuhle, okubi, okuhle
C. okubi, okubi, okubi
D. okubi, okuhle, okubi

Ingxoxo

Ishaja kagesi inezinhlobo ezimbili, okuyishaja kagesi elungile kanye neshaja kagesi engalungile. Njengoba amashaja kagesi enqaba futhi ngokungafani namashaja kagesi enqaba. Ngakho-ke, ishaja kagesi elungile idonsa ishaja kagesi engalungile; ishaja kagesi elungile idonsa ishaja kagesi elungile; ishaja kagesi elungile idonsa ishaja kagesi elungile. Uma kwaziwa ukuthi u-A uneshaja kagesi elungile futhi uma u-A enqaba u-B khona-ke u-B kumele ashajwe kahle. Ngokufanayo, uma kwaziwa ukuthi u-P uneshaja kagesi elungile futhi uma u-P edonsa u-Q khona-ke u-Q kumele ashajwe kahle.

q₅ ishajelwe kabi.
q₁ ishajelwe kabi.
q₂ ukudonswa kwempi no-q₁ ufulawa q₂ ishajeke kahle.
q₃ ukudonswa kwempi no-q₅ ufulawa q₃ ishajeke kahle.
q₄ ukwenqaba ukwenqaba nge-q₂ ufulawa q₄ ishajeke kahle.
Ishaja kagesi q₂, q₃, kanye no-q₄ kuyinto enhle, enhle, enhle.
Impendulo efanele ngu-A.

17. Bheka isithombe esilandelayo!
Into Q ineshaja eqondile (+) kanti u-S uneshaja engemihle (-). Into R iyaxosha ngento S bese into R idonsela ngezinto P no-T. Amacala ezinto P, R no-T ngokulandelana...

A. okubi, okuhle, okuhle
B. okubi, okuhle, okubi
C. okuhle, okubi, okubi
D. okuhle, okubi, okuhle

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I-Q ishajwe kahle
I-S ishajelwe kabi
U-R uxosha u-S bese I-R ikhokhiswe kabi
U-P udonsela u-R bese kuba I-P ishajwe kahle
U-T udonsela u-R bese kuba I-T ishajwe kahle
Amacala ezinto u-P, u-R no-T ngokulandelana alungile, angalungile, futhi alungile.
Impendulo efanele ngu-D.

18. Bheka isithombe samabhola amahlanu ashajwe ngogesi ngezansi!
Amabhola u-B no-E aneshaja elibi (-). Uma ibhola u-A lisondela ku-E, liyaxoshana, uma u-A esondela ku-D, liyadonselana, futhi uma u-C esondela ku-E, ayadonselana. Ngakho-ke, kungaphethwa ngokuthi ishaja lebhola u-A...
A. A = okungekuhle (-), C kanye no-D = okuhle (+)
B. A = okuhle (+), C no-D = okubi (-)
C. A kanye no-C = okungekuhle (-), D = okuhle (+)
D. A no-D = okungekuhle (-), C = okuhle (+)
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I-B ishajelwe kabi
I-E ishajwe kabi
U-A uyamxosha u-E bese I-A ishajwe kabi
U-D udonsela u-A, ngakho-ke U-D ushajwe kahle
U-C udonsela u-E, ngakho-ke I-C ishajwe kahle
Impendulo efanele ngu-A.

19. Induku yepulasitiki ihlikihlwa ngendwangu yoboya, inqubo yokulayisha eyenzeka kulesi sigameko iyingxenye...

A. Ama-electron akuboya aya epulasitikini, ipulasitiki ishajwa kabi.

B. Ama-electron asepulasitikini aya endwangu yoboya, uboya bushajwa kabi.

C. Ama-electron akuboya aya epulasitikini, eshintshana nama-proton, uboya bushaja kabi.

D. Ama-electron epulasitiki aya eboyeni futhi athathelwa indawo ama-proton, ipulasitiki ishajwa kahle.

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Ishaja kagesi epulasitikini kuvunyelwene ngayo emhlabeni wonke ukuthi ayibi negative.

Ipulasitiki, noma yini, iba ne-negative charge ngenxa yobuningi bama-electron. Uma kuhlikihlwa ipulasitiki ngoboya, kuphethwa ngokuthi ama-electron adluliselwa kusuka kuboya aye epulasitikini.

Impendulo efanele ngu-A.

20. Kukhona ibhola lomqhubi elishajeke kabi u-P kanye namabhola amane omqhubi u-Q, u-R, u-S, u-T okungakaziwa ukuthi amasheya awo angakanani.

Uma ibhola u-P lisondela lidonsela u-Q futhi lixoshe u-S. Okwamanje ibhola u-Q uxosha u-R, kanti ibhola u-S uxosha u-T. Uma ibhola u-P lisondela emabholeni u-R no-T khona-ke amandla azodluliswa ngokulandelana...

A. ukuhudula impi kanye nokuhudula impi

B. ukwenqaba nokwenqaba

C. ukucasula nokukhanga

D. ukukhanga kanye nokucasula

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I-P ishajelwe kabi.

U-P udonsela u-Q ukuze u-Q abe nokushaja kagesi okuhle.

I-P ixosha i-S ukuze i-S ibe neshaja kagesi engemihle.

U-Q uxosha u-R ukuze u-R abe nokushaja kagesi okuhle.

I-S ixosha i-T ukuze i-T ibe neshaja kagesi engemihle.

Uma ibhola u-P lisondela ebholeni u-R khona-ke liyakhangana.

Uma ibhola u-P lisondela ebholeni u-T, bayaxoshana.

Impendulo efanele ngu-D.

Umthombo wombuzo:

Imibuzo Yokuhlolwa Kazwelonke Yesayensi Yesikole Samabanga Aphansi/Isikole SamaSulumane Samabanga Aphakeme