Izibonelo eziyi-16 zezinjini zeCarnot – izinjini zokushisa ezifanele (ukusetshenziswa komthetho wesibili we-thermodynamics)
1. Bheka igrafu ye-P-V yenjini yeCarnot eceleni! Uma ukushisa kungene (Q1 ) = ama-joules ayi-10.000, khona-ke inani lomsebenzi owenziwe yinjini yeCarnot …
A. 1.500 J 
B. 4.000 J
C. 5.000 J
D. 6.000 J
E. 8.000 J
Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi :
Izinga lokushisa eliphansi (T2 ) = 400 K
Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme (T1 ) = 800 K
Ukushisa okumuncwayo (Q 1 ) = ama-Joules angu-10.000
Okufunwayo : Umsebenzi owenziwe yinjini yeCarnot (W)
Impendulo :
Ukusebenza kahle kwenjini yokushisa efanele (injini yeCarnot):
Umsebenzi owenziwe yinjini yeCarnot:
W = e Q 1
W = (1/2)(10.000) = 5000 amaJoules
Impendulo efanele ngu-C.
2. Bheka isithombe ohlangothini! Inani lomsebenzi owenziwe yinjini emjikelezweni owodwa…
A. 300 J
B. 400 J
C. 500 J
D. 600 J
E. 700 J
Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi:
Izinga lokushisa eliphansi (TL ) = 400 K
Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme (TH ) = 600 K
Ukushisa okumuncwayo (Q 1 ) = ama-Joules angu-600
Okufunwayo : Umsebenzi owenziwe yinjini yeCarnot (W)
Impendulo:
Ukusebenza kahle kwenjini yokushisa efanele (injini yeCarnot):
Umsebenzi owenziwe yinjini yeCarnot:
W = e Q 1
W = (1/3)(600) = 200 amaJoules
Impendulo efanele ngu-E.
3. Bheka igrafu yomjikelezo weCarnot ABCDA ngezansi! Ngokusekelwe kudatha ekugrafu, ukusebenza kahle kwenjini yeCarnot…
A. 10% 
B. 20%
C. 25%
D. 30%
E. 35%
Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi :
Izinga lokushisa eliphansi (TL ) = 350 K
Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme (TH ) = 500 K
Umbuzo : Ukusebenza kahle kwenjini ye-Carnot (e)
Impendulo :
Ukusebenza kahle kwenjini ye-Carnot:
e = (TH – TH ) / TH
e = (500 – 350) / 500
e = 150 / 500
e =0,3
e = 30/100 = 30%
Impendulo efanele ngu-D.
4. Kugrafu elandelayo ye-PV yenjini yeCarnot, indawo yokugcina ukushisa okuphezulu ingu-600 K kanti izinga lokushisa eliphansi lingu-400 K. Uma umsebenzi owenziwe yinjini ungu-W, khona-ke ukushisa okukhishwa ekushiseni okuphansi...
A. W
B. 2 W
C. 3 W
D. 4 W
E. 6 W
Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi :
Izinga lokushisa eliphansi (TL ) = 400 K
Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme (TH ) = 600 K
Umbuzo : Ukushisa kukhishwa ekushiseni okuphansi (Q 2 )
Impendulo :
Ukusebenza kahle kwenjini ye-Carnot :
e = (TH – TH ) / TH
e = (600 – 400) / 600
e = 200 / 600
e = 1/3
Umsebenzi owenziwe yinjini yeCarnot :
W = e Q 1
Incazelo: W = umsebenzi owenziwe umshini, e = ukusebenza kahle komshini, Q 1 = ukushisa okumuncwa umshini.
W = (1/3)(Q 1 )
3W = Q 1
Ukushisa kukhishwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi :
Umbuzo 2 = Umbuzo 1 – U
Q 2 = 3W – W
Q 2 = 2W
Impendulo efanele ingu-B.
5. Igrafu ye-PV yomjikelezo we-Carnot ibukeka njengesithombe esilandelayo. Uma ama-Joules angu-3.000 okushisa ekhishwa endaweni ezungezile, khona-ke ukushisa okumuncwa yisistimu…
A. 3.000 J
B. 4.000 J
C. 4.800 J
D. 6.000 J
E. 8.000 J
Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi :
Izinga lokushisa eliphansi (TL ) = 500 K
Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme (TH ) = 800 K
Ukushisa okukhishwe (Q 2 ) = 3000 Joules
Umbuzo : Ukushisa okumuncwa uhlelo ( Q1 )
Impendulo :
Ukusebenza kahle kwenjini ye-Carnot :
e = (TH – TH ) / TH
e = (800 – 500) /8600
e = 300 / 800
e = 3/8
Umsebenzi owenziwe yinjini yeCarnot :
W = e Q 1
W = (3/8)(Q 1 )
8W/3 = Q 1
Umbuzo 2 = Umbuzo 1 – U
Q 2 = 8W/3 – 3W/3
Q 2 = 5W/3
3Q 2 = 5W
W = 3Q 2 /5 = 3(3000)/5 = 9000/5 = 1800
Ukushisa okumuncwa uhlelo :
Umbuzo 1 = W + Umbuzo 2 = 1800 + 3000 = 4800 Joules
Impendulo efanele ngu-C.
6. Injini yeCarnot ithola ukushisa okuvela edamini lokushisa eliphezulu ku-800 K futhi inamandla okusebenza angu-50%. Ukuze kufezwe ukusebenza kahle okungu-80% ngenkathi kugcinwa izinga lokushisa eliphansi ledamini, idamini lokushisa eliphezulu kumele liguqulwe libe….
A. 1.600 K
B. 2.000 K
C. 2.400 K
D. 4.000 K
E. 6.400 K
Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi:
Uma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (TH ) = 800 K, ukusebenza kahle (e) = 50% = 0,5
Umbuzo: Yiliphi izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu (TH ) ukuze ukusebenza kahle (e) = 80% = 0,8
Impendulo:
Izinga lokushisa eliphansi = 400 Kelvin
Liyini izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (TH ) ukuze ukusebenza kahle (e) = 80%?
Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme = 2.000 Kelvin
Impendulo efanele ingu-B.
7. Injini yeCarnot esebenza edamini lokushisa eliphezulu ku- 600 K inamandla okusebenza angu-40%. Ukuze kufezwe ukusebenza kahle okungu-75% ngedamini lokushisa eliphansi elihlala lingaguquguquki, idamini lokushisa eliphezulu kumele likhuliswe libe….
A. 480 K
B. 840 K
C. 900 K
D. 1028 K
E. 1440 K
Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi:
Uma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (TH ) = 600 K, ukusebenza kahle (e) = 40% = 0,4
Umbuzo: Yiliphi izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu (TH ) ukuze ukusebenza kahle (e) = 75% = 0,75
Impendulo:
Izinga lokushisa eliphansi = 360 Kelvin
Liyini izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (TH ) ukuze ukusebenza kahle (e) = 75%?
Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme = 1440 Kelvin
Impendulo efanele ngu-E.
8. Injini yeCarnot ithola ukushisa okuvela edamini lokushisa eliphezulu ku-800 K futhi inamandla okusebenza angu-50%. Ukuze kufezwe ukusebenza kahle okungu-80% ngenkathi kugcinwa izinga lokushisa eliphansi ledamini, idamini lokushisa eliphezulu kumele liguqulwe libe….
A. 1.600 K
B. 2.000 K
C. 2.400 K
D. 4.000 K
E. 6.400 K
Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi:
Uma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (TH) = 800 K, ukusebenza kahle (e) = 50% = 0,5
Umbuzo: Yiliphi izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu (TH) ukuze ukusebenza kahle (e) = 80% = 0,8
Impendulo:
Izinga lokushisa eliphansi = 400 Kelvin
Iyini izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (TH) ukuze ukusebenza kahle (e) = 80%?
Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme = 2.000 Kelvin
Impendulo efanele ingu-B.
9. Injini yeCarnot esebenza edamini lokushisa eliphezulu ku-600 K inamandla okusebenza angu-40%. Ukuze kufezwe ukusebenza kahle okungu-75% ngedamini lokushisa eliphansi elihlala lingaguquguquki, idamini lokushisa eliphezulu kumele likhuliswe libe….
A. 480 K
B. 840 K
C. 900 K
D. 1028 K
E. 1440 K
Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi:
Uma izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (TH) = 600 K, ukusebenza kahle (e) = 40% = 0,4
Umbuzo: Yiliphi izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu (TH) ukuze ukusebenza kahle (e) = 75% = 0,75
Impendulo:
Izinga lokushisa eliphansi = 360 Kelvin
Iyini izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (TH) ukuze ukusebenza kahle (e) = 75%?
Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme = 1440 Kelvin
Impendulo efanele ngu-E.
10. Ukusebenza kahle kwenjini yeCarnot emunca ukushisa ekushiseni okungu-1200 Kelvin futhi yenqabe ukushisa ekushiseni okungu-300 Kelvin…
Ingxoxo
I-Diketahui :
Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (T)H) = 1200 K
Izinga lokushisa eliphansi (T)L) = 300 K
Kubuziwe Ukusebenza kahle kwenjini ye-Carnot (e)
Jawab :
11. Injini yeCarnot isebenza ngomjikelezo ophakathi kuka-727oC kanye no-127oC. Injini imunca ama-Joules angu-6000 okushisa avela endaweni yokugcina ukushisa okuphezulu. Ukusebenza kahle kwenjini kanye nomsebenzi owenziwa yinjini ngomjikelezo owodwa…
Ingxoxo
I-Diketahui :
Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (T)H= = 727oC + 273 = 1000 K
Izinga lokushisa eliphansi (T)L= = 127oC + 273 = 400 K
Ukushisa kuthathwe (Q)H) = amaJoules ayi-6000
Kubuziwe : Ukusebenza kahle (e) kanye nomsebenzi (W) owenziwa yinjini ngomjikelezo owodwa
Jawab :
Ukusebenza kahle kwenjini ye-Carnot :
Umsebenzi owenziwe yinjini yeCarnot :
W = e QH
W = (0,6)(6000)
W = 3600 Joule
12. Injini yeCarnot isebenza phakathi kwethangi lokushisa eliphakeme elingu-527oIsitsha se-C kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphansi 127oC. Injini yeCarnot imunca amaJoules ayi-10.000 okushisa okuvela endaweni eshisayo. Inani lokushisa okwenqatshwa yinjini emjikelezweni ngamunye…
Ingxoxo
I-Diketahui :
Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (T)H= = 527oC + 273 = 800 K
Izinga lokushisa eliphansi (T)L= = 127oC + 273 = 400 K
Ukushisa kuthathwe (Q)H) = amaJoules ayi-10.000
Kubuziwe : Ukushisa okwenqatshwe yinjini ngomjikelezo ngamunye
Jawab :
Ukusebenza kahle kwenjini yokushisa efanele (injini yeCarnot):
Umsebenzi owenziwe yinjini yeCarnot:
W = e Q1
W = (0,5)(10.000)
W = 5000 Joule
Ukushisa okukhishwa yinjini ngomjikelezo ngamunye (Q)L) = ukushisa okumuncwayo (QH) – umsebenzi owenziwe (W)
QL =QH - W
QL = 10.000 - 5000
QL = 5000 amaJoule
Ukushisa okuqedwa yinjini ngomjikelezo = 5000 Joules
13. Nquma ukusebenza kahle kanye nomsebenzi owenziwe yinjini yeCarnot ngomjikelezo owodwa ngokusekelwe kugrafu engezansi...
Ingxoxo
I-Diketahui :
Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (T)H) = 800 K
Izinga lokushisa eliphansi (T)L) = 300 K
Ukushisa kuthathwe (Q)H) = amaJoules ayi-1000
Kubuziwe : Ukusebenza kahle (e) kanye nomsebenzi (W) owenziwa yinjini yeCarnot
Jawab :
Ukusebenza kahle kwenjini ye-Carnot :
Umsebenzi owenziwe yinjini yeCarnot :
W = e QH
W = (0,625)(1000)
W = 625 Joule
14. Bheka igrafu yomjikelezo weCarnot ABCDA ngezansi!
Ngokusekelwe kudatha ekugrafu, ukusebenza kahle kwenjini yeCarnot…
A. 10%
B. 20%
C. 25%
D. 30%
E. 35%
Ingxoxo
I-Diketahui :
Suhu okuphansi (TL) = 350 K
Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (T)H) = 500 K
Kubuziwe Ukusebenza kahle kwenjini ye-Carnot (e)
Jawab :
Ukusebenza kahle kwenjini ye-Carnot:
e = (TH - TL) / TH
e = (500 – 350) / 500
e = 150 / 500
e =0,3
e = 30/100 = 30%
Impendulo efanele ngu-D.
15. Kugrafu elandelayo ye-PV yenjini yeCarnot, indawo yokugcina ukushisa okuphezulu ingu-600 K kanti izinga lokushisa eliphansi lingu-400 K. Uma ibhizinisi uma injini ikhipha u-W, khona-ke ukushisa okukhishwe ekushiseni okuphansi...
A. W
B. 2 W
C. 3 W
D. 4 W
E. 6 W
Ingxoxo
I-Diketahui :
Izinga lokushisa eliphansi (T)L) = 400 K
Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (T)H) = 600 K
Kubuziwe : Ukushisa okukhishwe emazingeni okushisa aphansi (Q2)
Jawab :
Ukusebenza kahle kwenjini ye-Carnot :
e = (TH - TL) / TH
e = (600 – 400) / 600
e = 200 / 600
e = 1/3
Umsebenzi owenziwe yinjini yeCarnot :
W = e Q1
Incazelo: W = umsebenzi owenziwe umshini, e = ukusebenza kahle komshini, Q1 = ukushisa okumuncwa umshini.
W = (1/3)(Q)1)
3W = Q1
KI-Alor ikhishwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi :
Q2 =Q1 - W
Q2 = 3W–W
Q2 = 2W
Impendulo efanele ingu-B.
16. Igrafu ye-PV yomjikelezo we-Carnot ibukeka njengesithombe esilandelayo. Uma ukushisa ekhishwa endaweni ezungezile ama-Joules angu-3.000, bese ukushisa okumuncwa uhlelo kuba…
A. 3.000 J
B. 4.000 J
C. 4.800 J
D. 6.000 J
E. 8.000 J
Ingxoxo
I-Diketahui :
Izinga lokushisa eliphansi (T)L) = 500 K
Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu (T)H) = 800 K
Ukushisa kukhishwe (Q)2) = amaJoules ayi-3000
Kubuziwe Ukushisa okumuncwa uhlelo (Q1)
Jawab :
Ukusebenza kahle kwenjini ye-Carnot :
e = (TH - TL) / TH
e = (800 – 500) /8600
e = 300 / 800
e = 3/8
Umsebenzi owenziwe yinjini yeCarnot :
W = e Q1
W = (3/8)(Q)1)
8W/3 = Q1
Q2 =Q1 - W
Q2 = 8W/3 – 3W/3
Q2 = 5W/3
3Q2 = 5W
W = 3Q2/5 = 3(3000)/5 = 9000/5 = 1800
KI-Alor kumuncwa uhlelo :
Q1 = W + Q2 = 1800 + 3000 = 4800 amaJoule
Impendulo efanele ngu-C.
Umthombo Wemibuzo:
Imibuzo Yefiziksi Yezivivinyo Zikazwelonke Zesikole Samabanga Aphezulu/Isikole Samabanga Aphezulu Sokufundela Umsebenzi
