Imibuzo yesibonelo somthetho wegesi ofanele

Izibonelo eziyi-18 zemibuzo yoMthetho Wegesi Ofanele

1. Igesi elifanele esikhaleni ekuqaleni linomthamo u-V kanye nokushisa u-T. Uma igesi ishiswa ngendlela yokuthi izinga lokushisa lishintshe libe ngu-5/4 T futhi ingcindezi ishintshe ibe ngu-2P khona-ke umthamo wegesi ushintshela...

Ingxoxo
I-Diketahui :
Ivolumu yokuqala (V)₁) = V
Izinga lokushisa lokuqala (T)₁) = T
Izinga lokushisa lokugcina (T)₂) = 5/4 T
Ingcindezi yokuqala (P)₁) = P
Ingcindezi yokugcina (P)₂) = 2P
Kubuziwe : Umqulu wokugcina (V)₂)
Jawab :
Umthamo wegesi ushintsha ube izikhathi ezi-5/8 kunomthamo wokuqala.

2. Umthamo wama-mole amabili egesi ekushiseni okujwayelekile kanye nokucindezela (STP)…

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I-Diketahui :
Inani lama-moles egesi (n) = ama-moles amabili
Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile (T) = 0 ^oC = 0 + 273 = 273 Kelvin
Ukucindezela okujwayelekile (P) = 1 atm = 1,013 x 10⁵ Easter
I-Universal gas constant (R) = 8,315 Joules/mol.Kelvin
Kubuziwe : Umthamo wegesi (V)
Jawab :
Umthetho Wegesi Ofanele (ngenani lama-moles, n)
Umthamo wama-moles amabili egesi ungamalitha angu-44,8.
Umthamo we-mole eyi-1 yegesi ungamalitha angu-45,4 / 2 = amalitha angu-22,4.
Ngakho-ke umthamo we-1 mole yegesi, kungaba yi-oxygen noma i-helium noma i-argon noma enye igesi, ungamalitha angu-22,4.

3. Amalitha ama-4 egesi yomoya-mpilo ekushiseni okungu-27°C ekucindezelweni okungu-2 atm (1 atm = 10⁵ I-Pa) isesitsheni. Uma i-universal gas constant R = 8,314 J.mol^-1.K^-1 kanye nenombolo ka-Avogadro u-N_A 6,02 x 10²³ ama-molecule, khona-ke inani lama-molecule egesi ye-oxygen esitsheni...
Ingxoxo
I-Diketahui :
Umthamo wegesi (V) = amalitha angu-4 = 4 dm³ = 4 x10^-3 m³
Izinga lokushisa legesi (T) = 27^oC = 27 + 273 = 300 Kelvin
Umfutho wegesi (P) = 2 atm = 2 x 10⁵ Easter
I-gesi engaguquki yonke (R) = 8,314 J.mol^-1.K^-1
Inombolo ka-Avogadro (N)_A) = 6,02 x 10²³
Kubuziwe : Inani lama-molecule egesi ye-oxygen esitsheni (N)
Jawab :
I-Boltzmann's njalo :
Umthetho Wegesi Ofanele (ngenani lama-molecule, N)
Ku-1 mole yegesi ye-oxygen, kukhona u-1,93 x 10²³ ama-molecule e-oxygen.

4. Isitsha esiqukethe igesi ye-neon (Ne, isisindo se-athomu = 20 u) ekushiseni okujwayelekile kanye nokucindezela (STP) sinomthamo ongu-2 m³Thola isisindo segesi ye-neon!
I-Diketahui :
Isisindo se-athomu ye-Neon = 20 amagremu/mol = 0,02 kg/mol
Izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile (T) = 0^oC = 273 Kelvin
Ukucindezela okujwayelekile (P) = 1 atm = 1,013 x 10⁵ Easter
Umthamo (V) = 2 m³
Kubuziwe : isisindo (m) segesi ye-neon
Jawab :
Ekushiseni okujwayelekile kanye nokucindezela (STP), i-mole eyi-1 yanoma iyiphi igesi, kufaka phakathi igesi ye-neon, inomthamo wamalitha angu-22,4 = 22,4 dm³ = 0,0448m³Ngakho-ke, ngomthamo ongu-2 m³ Zingaki ama-moles egesi ye-neon akhona?
Kuvolumu engu-2 m³ kunezinhlayiya zegesi ye-neon ezingama-44,6.
Isisindo se-athomu segesi ye-neon singamagremu angu-20/mol. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-mole eyodwa iqukethe amagremu angu-20 noma u-0,02 kg wegesi ye-neon. Njengoba i-mole eyodwa iqukethe u-0,02 kg wegesi ye-neon, ama-moles angu-44,6 aqukethe (ama-moles angu-44,6)(0,02 kg/mol) = 0,892 kg = 892 amagremu wegesi ye-neon.

5. Imibuzo Yokuhlolwa Kazwelonke Ye-SMA/MA ka-2017 No. 22

Igesi efanelekile ifakwa esitsheni esivaliwe, futhi ivolumu yayo yehliswa ngesigamu ekushiseni okulinganayo. Umfutho wegesi manje…

A. Okuyisiqalo okuphindwe kasithupha

B. Okuyisiqalo okuphindwe kahlanu

C. Okuqanjiwe okuphindwe kane

D. 1/2 izikhathi zokuqala

E. 1/4 yombhalo wokuqala

Ingxoxo

Kuyaziwa ukuthi:

Umthamo wokuqala = V

Umthamo wokugcina = 1/2 V

Ingcindezi yokuqala = P

Izinga lokushisa elihlala njalo

Kubuziwe: Ingcindezi yokugcina

Impendulo:

P ₁ V ₁ / T ₁ = P ₂ V ₂ / T ₂ —–> Izinga lokushisa (T) elingaguquki

P ₁ V ₁ = P ₂ V ₂

P V = P ₂ (1/2 V)

P = P ₂ (1/2)

2P = P ₂

Umfutho wegesi uphinda kabili.

Impendulo efanele ingu-B.

6. Umbuzo Wokuhlolwa Kazwelonke We-SMA/MA We-Fiziksi We-2015/2016 Inombolo 21

Naka isitatimende esingezansi!

(1) Inhlayiya ngayinye ihlala ihamba ngendlela ethile

(2) Izinhlayiya zegesi zisakazeka ngokulinganayo kulo lonke igumbi.

(3) Usayizi wezinhlayiya zegesi ungashaywa indiva uma kuqhathaniswa nosayizi wesitsha.

(4) Ukungqubuzana ngakunye kwezinhlayiya zegesi okwenzekayo kuyanwebeka ngokuphelele.

(5) Amandla akhangayo phakathi kwezinhlayiya ayacatshangelwa.

Isitatimende esihambisana nezakhiwo zamagesi afanele sithi…

A. (1) kanye no-(3) kuphela

B. (2) kanye (4) kuphela

C. (1), (2) kanye no-(3) kuphela

D. (2), (3) kanye no (4)

E. (3), (4) kanye no-(5)

Ingxoxo

Izitatimende ezifanele yi-1, 2, 3, 4.

7. Umbuzo Wokuhlolwa Kazwelonke We-SMA/MA We-Fiziksi We-2015/2016 Inombolo 21

Nazi izinto ezihlobene negesi:

(1) Izinhlayiya zezinto zihamba ngendlela eqondile ngesivinini esingaguquki ngokungahleliwe.

(2) Ukushayisana okwenzeka phakathi kwezinhlayiya kubangela ukuthi izinhlayiya zilahlekelwe amandla amancane.

(3) Izinhlayiya zegesi zisakazeka ngokulinganayo kulo lonke igumbi.

(4) Imithetho kaNewton yokuhamba isebenza kuphela ezinhlayiyeni zegesi ze-monatomic.

(5) Isikhathi esidingekayo sokushayisana phakathi kwezinhlayiya sifushane kakhulu.

Kusukela kulezi zitatimende, izakhiwo zamagesi afanele zifaka phakathi...

A. (1), (2), (5)

B. (1), (3), (5)

C. (2), (3), (4)

D. (2), (4), (5)

E. (3), (4), (5)

Ingxoxo

Izitatimende ezifanele ziyi-1, 3, 5.

Impendulo efanele ingu-B.

8. Umbuzo Wokuhlolwa Kazwelonke We-SMA/MA We-Fiziksi We-2015/2016 Inombolo 21

(1) Igesi yakhiwa izinhlayiya ezisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo.

(2) Ukushayisana kwezinhlayiya nezindonga kunwebeka ngokuphelele.

(3) Isikhathi esiphakathi kokushayisana phakathi kwezinhlayiya sifushane kakhulu.

(4) Umthamo wegesi mkhulu kakhulu uma uqhathaniswa nesitsha lapho ukhona khona.

(5) Imithetho kaNewton ayisebenzi kuma-molecule ngoba usayizi wawo mncane kakhulu.

Isitatimende esinembile sithi…

A. (1), (2), kanye (3)

B. (1), (2), kanye (4)

C. (1), (3), kanye no-(5)

D. (2), (3), kanye (5)

E. (3, (4), kanye no-(5)

Ingxoxo

Izitatimende ezifanele ziyi-1, 2, 3.

Impendulo efanele ngu-A.

9. Umbuzo Wokuhlolwa Kazwelonke We-SMA/MA We-Fiziksi We-2015/2016 Inombolo 22

Igesi efanelekile iqala ithathe isikhala esinevolumu V ekushiseni okungu-T kanye nengcindezi engu-P. Uma igesi ishiswa ngendlela yokuthi izinga lokushisa layo libe ngu-3/2 T kanye nengcindezi yayo engu-4/3 P, khona-ke ivolumu yegesi iba...

A. 9/8 V

B. 9/5 V

C. 5/3 V

D. 4/3 V

E. 3/2 V

Ingxoxo

Kuyaziwa ukuthi :

Umthamo wokuqala (V ₁ ) = V

Izinga lokushisa lokuqala (T1 ₎ = T

Ingcindezi yokuqala (P ₁ ) = P

Izinga lokushisa lokugcina (T2 ₎ = 3/2 T

Ukucindezela kokugcina (P ₂ ) = 4/3 P

Umbuzo : Umqulu wokugcina (V ₂ )

Impendulo :

Impendulo efanele ngu-A.

10. Umbuzo Wokuhlolwa Kazwelonke We-SMA/MA We-Fiziksi We-2015/2016 Inombolo 22

Igesi efanelekile ithatha isikhala esinomthamo V ₁ ekushiseni T ₁ kanye nomfutho P _1. Bese iyashiswa ukuze umthamo wegesi ube ngu-4/3 V ₁ bese umfutho uba ngu-5/2 P _1. Isilinganiso sokushisa kokugcina kwegesi negesi yokuqala…

A. 10: 5

B. 10: 3

C. 5: 10

D. 3: 10

Isahluko 1: 8

Ingxoxo

Kuyaziwa ukuthi :

Umthamo wokuqala = V ₁

Izinga lokushisa lokuqala = T ₁

Ingcindezi yokuqala = P ₁

Umthamo wokugcina = 4/3 V ₁

Ingcindezi yokugcina = 5/2 P ₁

Okufunwayo : Ukuqhathaniswa kwezinga lokushisa lokugcina kanye nezinga lokushisa lokuqala

Impendulo :

Bala izinga lokushisa lokugcina:

Impendulo efanele ingu-B.

11. Ingqikithi yamalitha ama-3 egesi i-Argon ekushiseni okungu-27°C ekucindezelweni okungu-1 atm (1 atm = 10 ⁵ Pa) isepayipini. Uma i-general gas constant R = 8,314 J.mol ⁻¹ .K ⁻¹ kanye nenani lezinhlayiya ku-1 mole yegesi kungama-6,02 x 10 ²³ izinhlayiya, khona-ke inani lezinhlayiya zegesi i-Argon epayipini lingu…..

A. 0,83 x 10 ²³ izinhlayiya

B. 0,72 x 10 ²³ izinhlayiya

C. 0,42 x 10 ²³ izinhlayiya

D. 0,22 x 10 ²³ izinhlayiya

E. 0,12 x 10 ²³ izinhlayiya

Ingxoxo

Kuyaziwa ukuthi :

Umthamo wegesi = amalitha ama-3 = 3 dm ³ = 3 x 10 ^-3 m ³

Izinga lokushisa legesi = 27 ^o C + 273 = 300 K

Umfutho wegesi = 1 atm = 10 ⁵ Pa

I-gesi engaguquki yonke (R) = 8,314 J.mol ⁻¹ .K ⁻¹

Inombolo ka-Avogadro (N _A ) = 6,02 x 10 ²³ ama-molecule/mol

Umbuzo : Zingaki izinhlayiya zegesi ze-argon ezikhona epayipini?

Impendulo :

12. Igesi elifanele lisesitsheni esivaliwe esinengcindezi u-P, ivolumu u-V, kanye nezinga lokushisa u-T. Uma ngesinye isikhathi izinga lokushisa lishintshelwa ku-2T, kanye nevolumu libe ngu-3/2 V, khona-ke isilinganiso sengcindezi yokuqala (P 1 ₎ nengcindezi yokugcina (P ₂ ) ngemva kokushintsha u-V no-T….

A. 1: 3

B. 1: 2

C. 2: 3

D. 3: 4

Isahluko 4: 3

Ingxoxo

Kuyaziwa ukuthi:

Ingcindezi yokuqala (P ₁ ) = P

Umthamo wokuqala (V ₁ ) = V

Umthamo wokugcina (V ₂ ) = 3/2 V

Izinga lokushisa lokuqala (T1 ₎ = T

Izinga lokushisa lokugcina (T2 ₎ = 2T

Okufunwayo: Ukuqhathaniswa kwengcindezi yokuqala (P ₁ ) kanye nengcindezi yokugcina (P ₂ )

Impendulo:

Ukuqhathaniswa kwengcindezi yokuqala neyokugcina:

Ikhasi ₁ : Ikhasi ₂

P: 4P/3

1 : 4/3

3 (1): (3) 4/3

3: 4

Impendulo efanele ngu-D.

13. Igesi ye-oksijini enevolumu V, izinga lokushisa T, kanye nengcindezi P ikwisilinda evalwe yivalvu. Uma ivalvu icindezelwa, ivolumu ye-oksijini iba ngu-3/4 V bese izinga lokushisa liba ngu-3/2 T, bese isilinganiso sengcindezi yokuqala kanye nengcindezi yokugcina yegesi….

A. P ₁ : P ₂ = 1 : 2

B. P ₁ : P ₂ = 2 : 3

C. P ₁ : P ₂ = 3 : 2

D. P ₁ : P ₂ = 3 : 4

E. P ₁ : P ₂ = 4 : 3

Ingxoxo

Kuyaziwa ukuthi:

Ingcindezi yokuqala (P ₁ ) = P

Umthamo wokuqala (V ₁ ) = V

Umthamo wokugcina (V ₂ ) = 3/4 V

Izinga lokushisa lokuqala (T1 ₎ = T

Izinga lokushisa lokugcina (T2 ₎ = 3/2 T

Okufunwayo: Ukuqhathaniswa kwengcindezi yokuqala (P ₁ ) kanye nengcindezi yokugcina (P ₂ )

Impendulo:

Ukuqhathaniswa kwengcindezi yokuqala neyokugcina:

Ikhasi ₁ : Ikhasi ₂

P: 2P

1: 2

Impendulo efanele ngu-A.

14. Bheka igrafu yobudlelwano phakathi kobuningi ( ρ) kanye nomthamo (V) wamagesi ahlukahlukene ngezansi!

Ipheya lamagesi anobunzima obufanayo…

Ingxoxo

Ifomula yobuningi:

Ubuningi ( ρ ) = isisindo (m) / Umthamo (V)

Isisindo (m) = ubuningi ( ρ) x Umthamo (V)

1) m = (0,8)(2) = 1,6 kg

2) m = (0,8)(4) = 3,2 kg

3) m = (0,4)(4) = 1,6 kg

4) m = (0,4)(5) = 2 kg

5) m = (0,8)(5) = 4 kg

Amagesi amabili anobunzima obufanayo angu-1 no-3.

15. Igesi elifanele lisesitsheni esivaliwe esinengcindezi u-P, ivolumu u-V, kanye nezinga lokushisa u-T. Uma ngesinye isikhathi izinga lokushisa lishintshelwa ku-2T, kanye nevolumu libe ngu-3/2 V, khona-ke isilinganiso sengcindezi yokuqala (P ₁ ) nengcindezi yokugcina (P ₂ ) ngemva kokushintsha u-V no-T….

A. 1: 3
B. 1: 2
C. 2: 3
D. 3: 4
Isahluko 4: 3

Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi:
Ingcindezi yokuqala (P)₁) = P
Ivolumu yokuqala (V)₁) = V
Umqulu wokugcina (V)₂) = 3/2 V
Izinga lokushisa lokuqala (T)₁) = T
Izinga lokushisa lokugcina (T)₂) = 2T
Kubuziwe: Ukuqhathaniswa kwengcindezi yokuqala (P)₁) kanye nokucindezela kokugcina (P₂)

Impendulo:

Ukuqhathaniswa kwengcindezi yokuqala neyokugcina:
P₁ :P₂
P: 4P/3
1 : 4/3
3 (1): (3) 4/3
3: 4
Impendulo efanele ngu-D.

16. Igesi ye-oksijini enevolumu V, izinga lokushisa T, kanye nengcindezi P ikwisilinda evalwe yivalvu. Uma ivalvu icindezelwa, ivolumu ye-oksijini iba ngu-3/4 V bese izinga lokushisa liba ngu-3/2 T, bese isilinganiso sengcindezi yokuqala kanye nengcindezi yokugcina yegesi….

A. P₁ :P₂ = 1 : 2
B. P₁ :P₂ = 2 : 3
C.P₁ :P₂ = 3 : 2
D.P₁ :P₂ = 3 : 4
E.P₁ :P₂ = 4 : 3

Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi:
Ingcindezi yokuqala (P)₁) = P
Ivolumu yokuqala (V)₁) = V
Umqulu wokugcina (V)₂) = 3/4 V
Izinga lokushisa lokuqala (T)₁) = T
Izinga lokushisa lokugcina (T)₂) = 3/2 T
Kubuziwe: Ukuqhathaniswa kwengcindezi yokuqala (P)₁) kanye nokucindezela kokugcina (P₂)
Impendulo:

Ukuqhathaniswa kwengcindezi yokuqala neyokugcina:
P₁ :P₂
P: 2P
1: 2
Impendulo efanele ngu-A.

17. Amalitha ama-2 egesi yomoya-mpilo (O2)₂) izinga lokushisa 30 ^oC ekucindezelweni okungu-1 atm (1 atm = 10⁵ I-Pa) isepayipini. Uma igesi iyinto engaguquki yonke, i-R = 8,314 J mol^-1 K^-1 futhi inani lama-molecule ku-1 mole yegesi lingu-6,02 x 10²³ ama-molecule, bese kuba inani lama-molecule egesi ye-oxygen (O2)₂) epayipini kukhona…
A. 0,8 x 10²³ i-molecule
B. 0,7 x 10²³ i-molecule
C. 0,5 x 10²³ i-molecule
D. 0,2 x 10²³ i-molecule
E. 0,1 x 10²³ i-molecule
Ingxoxo:
I-Diketahui :
I-VO₂ = 2 amalitha = 2 dm³ = 2 x10^-3 m³
T = 30 + 273 = 303 K
P_Atm = 10⁵ Pa = 10⁵ N / m²
N_A = 6,02 x10²³ ama-molecule/i-mol (Inombolo ka-Avogadro)
R = 8,314 J mol^-1 K^-1
k = R/N_A = 8,314/6,02 x 10²³ = 1,38 x10^-23 J/K
Isisindo sama-molecule sika-O₂ = 32 amagremu/mol = 32 kg/mol
Kubuziwe :
Inani lama-molecule egesi ye-oxygen (O2)₂)
Jawab :
I-PV = NkT
Incazelo: P = ingcindezi, V = ivolumu, N = inani lama-molecule, k = i-Boltzmann engaguquki
(10⁵ N / m²)(2 x 10^-3 m³) = N(1,38 x 10^-23 J/K(303 K)
Impendulo efanele ngu-C.

18. Umthamo wamagremu ama-2 wegesi yomoya-mpilo O₂ (Mnu = 32) ezimweni ezijwayelekile (T = 0 ^oC kanye no-P = 1 atm) ngu…. R = 8,314 J/mol K, 1 atm = 10⁵ Pa) kuyinto…
A. 1,4 m³
B. 2,0 m³
C. 2,3 m³
D. 2,5 m³
E. 3,0 m³
Ingxoxo:
I-Diketahui :
Isisindo O₂ = 2 amagremu
Isisindo sama-molecule (Mnu.) O₂ = 32 amagremu/mol
T = 0 + 273 = 273 K
P=10⁵ N / m²
R = 8.314 J/mol K
Kubuziwe :
Ivolumu?
Jawab :

Umthombo wombuzo:

Imibuzo Yefiziksi Yezivivinyo Zikazwelonke Zesikole Samabanga Aphezulu/Isikole Samabanga Aphezulu Sokufundela Umsebenzi