Izibonelo eziyi-13 zamagagasi omshini
1. Umehluko wesigaba samagagasi adlulayo
Bheka isithombe esilandelayo segagasi le- sinusoidal!
Uma ubude be-wavelength ye-sinusoid engenhla bungama-80 cm, khona-ke iphuzu elinomehluko wesigaba esingu-¾ li…
A. P no-Q
B. P no-R
C. P no-S
D. Q no-S
E. R no-S
Ingxoxo
I-PQ = ubude be-wavelength obungu-3/4
PR = 1 1/2 = 1,5 ubude bamaza
I-PS = amaza ama-wavelength ama-2
I-QS = 1 1/4 = 1,25 ubude bamaza
I-RS = 1/2 ubude besikhathi
Impendulo efanele ngu-A.
2. Amapayipi ezitho avulekile navaliwe
Kunikezwa amapayipi amabili ezitho, elinye livuliwe kanti elinye livaliwe, ngalinye linobude obulinganayo. Uma ijubane lomsindo emoyeni lingu-340 m/s, khona-ke isilinganiso samafrikhwensi e-overtone yamapayipi amabili ezitho avulekile namafrikhwensi e-overtone amapayipi amabili ezitho avaliwe…
Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa:
Ubude bepayipi lesitho elivulekile nelivaliwe buyafana.
Isivinini somsindo emoyeni (v) = 340 m/s
Kubuziwe:
Impendulo: Ukuqhathaniswa kwemvamisa f ye-overtone yesibili (f 3 ) yepayipi lesitho elivulekile nelivaliwe
Vula ipayipi lezitho zomzimba
Ipayipi lezitho ezivulekile noma ipayipi elivulekile liyipayipi elinezinhlangothi zombili ezivulekile njengasesithombeni ohlangothini.
Isithombe esingakwesokudla yigrafu yamaza omsindo epayipini elivulekile lesitho, lapho ama-node emelela ubuningi bomoya kanti ama-antinode amelela ukucindezeleka komoya.
Iphimbo eliyisisekelo (f 1 ) = v / 2L = 340/2L = 170/L
Ithoni yesibili engaphezulu (f 3 ) = 3 f 1 = 3 (170/L) = 510/L
Ipayipi lezitho ezivaliwe
Ipayipi lezitho ezivaliwe, noma ipayipi elivaliwe, liyipayipi elinomkhawulo owodwa ovulekile kanti omunye uvaliwe, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi. Uma zombili iziphetho zepayipi zivaliwe, ipayipi alikwazi ukusetshenziswa.
Isithombe esingakwesokudla yigrafu yamaza omsindo epayipini lezitho elivaliwe, lapho ama-node emelela ubuningi bomoya kanti ama-antinode amelela ukucindezeleka komoya.
Iphimbo eliyisisekelo (f 1 ) = v / 4L = 340/4L = 85/L
Ithoni yesibili engaphezulu (f 3 ) = 3 f 1 = 3 (85/L) = 255/L
Ukuqhathaniswa kwemvamisa yesibili ye-overtone f (f 3 ) yamapayipi ezitho avulekile navaliwe
510/L: 255/L
510: 255
2: 1
3. Izinga lokuqina kwamagagasi omsindo
Umthombo wamagagasi omsindo onamandla angu-12,56 W ukhipha amagagasi endaweni ezungezile ngendlela efanayo. Ubukhulu bomsindo bungu-10 -12 Wm -2 . Ubukhulu bobukhulu bokukhanya kwamagagasi ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-10 ukusuka emthonjeni...
Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa:
Daya = 12,56 Watt
Ubukhulu bomkhawulo womsindo (I o ) = 10 -12 Wm -2
Ibanga (r) = amamitha ayi-10
Kubuziwe: Izinga lokuqina (i-TI)
Impendulo:
Ifomula yobudlelwano phakathi kwamandla (P), ubukhali (I) kanye nebanga (r):
Izinga lokuqina (i-TI):
4. Ukuqina komsindo
Uhlelo lwesipikha lukhipha ama-watts angu-36 π wamandla e-acoustic kanye nezinga lokuqina elingu-80 dB uma lizwakala kude x kusuka kusipikha. (I o = 10 -12 watt.m -2 ). Inani elifanele lika-x lingu…
A. 100 m
B. 160 m
C. 175 m
D. 225 m
E. 300 m
Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi:
Amandla (P) = 36 π Watt
Izinga lokuqina (TI) = 80 dB
Ibanga = x
Umkhawulo wokuzwa komuntu (Io ) = 10 -12 W att.m -2
Kubuziwe: Inani lika-x
Impendulo:
Ifomula yobudlelwano phakathi kwamandla (P), ubukhali (I) kanye nebanga (x):
Okokuqala bala ubukhulu bomsindo ebangeni x:
Ukuqina komsindo:
Bala inani lika-x:
Impendulo efanele ngu-E.
5. Igagasi Elihambayo
Umbuzo Wokuhlolwa Kazwelonke We-SMA/MA We-Fiziksi We-2015/2016 No. 24
I-equation yamagagasi okujikeleza evezwe ku-International System of Units (SI) ithi y = 0,2 sin (0,2 πx-20πt)
Kusukela kula mazwi alandelayo:
(1) Isivinini sokusabalala kwamagagasi 100 ms -1
(2) Ku-x = 0 kanye no-t = 0 ukuphambuka kwegagasi = 0
(3) Imvamisa yamagagasi angu-20 Hz
(4) Ububanzi bamagagasi 2 cm
Yikuphi okulungile?
A. (1) kanye no-(2)
B. (1) kanye no-(3)
C. (1) kanye no-(4)
D. (2) kanye (4)
E. (2) kanye no-(3)
Ingxoxo
Izinhlobo ezintathu zezibalo zamagagasi:
y = A isono (ωt – kx) ——> 1
ω = 2π / T kanye no-k = 2π / λ
y = Isono (2π/T) t – (2π/λ) x
y = A isono 2π (t/T – x/λ) ——-> 2
y = Isono 2π (ft – x/λ) ——-> 2
T = 1/f kanye no-λ = v/f
y = A isono 2π (ft – f(x/v))
y = A isono 2πf (t – x/v) ——-> 3
I-equation yamagagasi ohambayo embuzweni ongenhla ifana nefomu 2:
y = 0,2 isono (0,2 πx-20πt)
y = 0,2 sin π (0,2 x-20t)
y = 0,2 sin 2 π (0,1 x-10t)
y = 0,2 sin 2 π (x/10 -10t)
y = A isono 2π (ft – x/λ)
A = ubukhulu = amamitha angu-0,2 = 0,2 (100 cm) = 20 cm
f = imvamisa = 10 s -1 = 10 Hertz
λ = ubude be-wavelength = amamitha ayi-10
v = isivinini sokusabalala kwamagagasi = f λ = (10 s -1 )(10 m) = 100 ms -1
Impendulo efanele ngu-A.
6. Umphumela we-Doppler
I-ambulensi ihamba ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha angama-72/ h ngenkathi ikhala i-siren yayo ngesivinini esingama-1500 Hz. Umshayeli wesithuthuthu uhamba ngesivinini esingama-20 m/ s ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-ambulensi. Uma isivinini somsindo emoyeni singama-340 m/ s , khona-ke isilinganiso samaza azwakala ngumgibeli wesithuthuthu lapho esondela futhi esuka kwi-ambulensi…
A. 25: 36
B. 36: 49
C. 64: 81
D. 81: 64
Isahluko 100: 61
Ingxoxo
Imithetho yokusayina:
u-v uhlala enethemba
i-v p inhle uma umlaleli esondela emthonjeni womsindo
i-v p ayilungile uma umlaleli eshiya umthombo womsindo
i-v s inhle uma umthombo womsindo ubheke kude nomlaleli
i-v s i -negative uma umthombo womsindo usondela kumlaleli
v p = 0 uma umlaleli ethule
v s = 0 uma umthombo womsindo uthule
Kuyaziwa ukuthi:
Imvamisa yomthombo womsindo (f) = 1500 Hz
Isivinini somlaleli (v p ) = 20 m/s
Isivinini somthombo womsindo (vs ) = 72 km/ihora = 72 (amamitha ayi-1000) / imizuzwana engu-3600 = 72.000/3600 amamitha/isekhondi = 20 m/s
Isivinini somsindo (v) = 340 m/s
Umbuzo: Ukuqhathaniswa kwemvamisa ezwiwa abagibeli bezithuthuthu lapho besondela futhi besuka e-ambulensini
Impendulo:
Ifomula yomphumela we-Doppler:
Imvamisa ezwakala ngumgibeli wesithuthuthu lapho esondela kwi-ambulensi
Zombili zisezinhlangothini ezihlukene ukuze kuthi lapho isithuthuthu sisondela kwi-ambulensi, zisondelane. I-v p ikhombisa ukuthi umlaleli usondela emthonjeni womsindo kanti i-v s ikhombisa ukuthi ayilungile uma umthombo womsindo usondela kumlaleli.
Imvamisa ezwakala ngabagibeli bezithuthuthu lapho besuka e-ambulensini
Zombili zisezinhlangothini ezihlukene ukuze kuthi lapho isithuthuthu sisuka e-ambulensini, zisuke komunye nomunye. I-v p iwuphawu olubi uma umlaleli esuka emthonjeni womsindo kanti i-v s iwuphawu oluhle uma umthombo womsindo usuka kumlaleli.
Ukuqhathaniswa kwemvamisa ezwiwa abagibeli bezithuthuthu lapho besondela futhi besuka e-ambulensini.
Impendulo efanele ngu-D.
Ukuqina Komsindo
7. Bheka isithombe esilandelayo!
Uma iphuzu P liwumthombo womsindo ophuma kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, khona-ke isilinganiso sokuqina komsindo kumaphuzu S, R, kanye no-Q ngokulandelana...
A. 16: 25: 100
B. 16 : 50 : 200
C. 32 : 50 : 100
D. 36 : 25 : 100
Isahluko 72: 25: 200
Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi:
Ibanga lephuzu Q kusuka emthonjeni womsindo (r)Q) = 3 amamitha
Ibanga lephuzu R ukusuka emthonjeni womsindo (r R ) = amamitha ayi-6
Ibanga lephuzu S ukusuka emthonjeni womsindo (r S ) = amamitha angu-5
Ukuqina komsindo endaweni ethi Q = I Q
Ukuqina komsindo endaweni R = I R
Ukuqina komsindo endaweni S = I S
Umbuzo: Ukuqhathanisa ukuqina komsindo kumaphuzu S, R, kanye no-Q ( I S : I R : I Q )
Impendulo:
Ukuqina komsindo endaweni ethi S:
Ukuqina komsindo endaweni R:
Ukuqina komsindo endaweni ethi S:
Ukuqhathanisa ukuqina komsindo kumaphuzu S, R, kanye no-Q:
Impendulo efanele ngu-D.
8. Amagagasi omsindo asakazeka ngokulinganayo esuka emthonjeni wawo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Iphuzu A likude ngo-P ukusuka emthonjeni womsindo, iphuzu B likude ngo-2P ukusuka emthonjeni womsindo, kanti iphuzu C likude ngo-4P ukusuka emthonjeni womsindo. Isilinganiso samandla omsindo atholwe ngu-A, B, no-C…
A. 16: 4: 1
B. 4 : 2 : 1
C. 4 : 1 : 16
D. 1 : 2 : 4
Isahluko 1: 4: 16
Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi:
Ibanga lephuzu A ukusuka emthonjeni womsindo (r A ) = P
Ibanga lephuzu B ukusuka emthonjeni womsindo (r B ) = 2P
Ibanga lephuzu C ukusuka emthonjeni womsindo (r C ) = 4P
Ukuqina komsindo endaweni A = I A
Ukuqina komsindo endaweni B = I B
Ukuqina komsindo endaweni C = IC
Umbuzo: Ukuqhathanisa ukuqina komsindo kumaphuzu A, B, kanye no-C ( IA : IB : IC )
Impendulo:
Ukuqina komsindo endaweni A:
Ukuqina komsindo endaweni B:
Ukuqina komsindo endaweni C:
Ukuqhathanisa ukuqina komsindo kumaphuzu A, B, kanye no-C:
Impendulo efanele ngu-A.
9. Umphumela we-Doppler
Isithombe esilandelayo sibonisa imoto yamaphoyisa ijaha isigebengu esinemoto:
Imoto yamaphoyisa, ikhala i-siren yayo ngesivinini esingu-9.30 Hz, ijaha isithuthuthu sesigebengu esibaleka ngesivinini esingu-72 km/h -1 . Imoto yamaphoyisa ishesha iye ku-108 km/h -1 ukuze ihlangabezane nesigebengu. Uma isivinini somsindo emoyeni singama-340 m/s -1 , khona-ke imvamisa yomsindo we-siren ozwakala yisigebengu esisesithuthuthu...
I-A. 850 Hz
B. 900 Hz
C. 960 Hz
D. 1.020 Hz
I-E. 1.200 Hz
Ingxoxo
Imithetho yokusayina:
u-v uhlala enethemba
i-v p inhle uma umlaleli esondela emthonjeni womsindo
i-v p ayilungile uma umlaleli eshiya umthombo womsindo
i-v s inhle uma umthombo womsindo ubheke kude nomlaleli
i-v s i -negative uma umthombo womsindo usondela kumlaleli
v p = 0 uma umlaleli ethule
v s = 0 uma umthombo womsindo uthule
Kuyaziwa ukuthi:
Imvamisa yomthombo womsindo (f) = 9 30 Hz
Isivinini somlaleli (v p ) = 72 km/h -1 = 72 (amamitha ayi-1000) / 3600 (imizuzwana) = 72.000/3600 amamitha/isekhondi = 20 m/s = -20 ms -1 (esibi ngoba isigebengu siyasuka emaphoyiseni)
Isivinini somthombo womsindo (vs ) = 108 km/h -1 = 108 (amamitha ayi-1000) / 3600 (imizuzwana) = 108.000/3600 amamitha/isekhondi = 30 m/s = -30 ms -1 (okubi ngoba amaphoyisa asondela esigebengwini)
Isivinini somsindo (v) = 340 ms -1
Okufunwayo: Ukuvama komsindo ozwiwa ngumlaleli (f')
Impendulo:
Ifomula yomphumela we-Doppler:
Impendulo efanele ngu-C.
Izinga Lokuqina Komsindo
10. Ehholo, abafundi abayi-100 bafunda ukucula. Uma izinga lomsindo lomfundi oyedwa lapho ecula lingu-40 dB (cabanga ukuthi okufanayo kumntwana ngamunye), khona-ke umfutho womsindo okhiqizwa ehholo… (I o = 10 -12 Wm -2 )
A. 10 -4 Wm -2
B. 10 -5 Wm -2
C. 10 -6 Wm -2
D. 10 -7 Wm -2
E. 10 -8 Wm -2
Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi:
Izinga lokuqina komfundi oyedwa (i-T I ) = 40 dB
Ubukhulu bomkhawulo wokuzwa womuntu (Io ) = 10 -12 W/m 2
Inani labafundi (x) = 100
Kubuziwe: Umsindo oqinile wabafundi abayi-100
Impendulo:
Umsindo oqinile womfundi oyedwa:
Umsindo oqinile womfundi oyedwa:
I x = (x)(I)
I x = (100)(10 -8 ) = (10 2 )(10 -8 )
I x = 10 -6 W/m 2
Impendulo efanele ngu-C.
11. Umsindo oqinile wemishini efanayo eyi-100 u-10 -7 Watt.m -2 . Uma u-I o = 10 -12 Watt.m -2 , khona-ke izinga lomsindo oqinile lomshini li….
A. 70 dB
B. 60 dB
C. 50 dB
D. 40 dB
E. 30 dB
Ingxoxo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi:
Ukuqina komsindo wemishini eyi-100 (I x ) = 10 -7 Watt.m -2
Ubukhulu bomkhawulo wokuzwa womuntu (Io ) = 10 -12 W/m 2
Inani lemishini (x) = 100 = 10 2
Kubuziwe: Izinga lomsindo womshini (i-TI)
Impendulo:
Ukuqina komsindo womshini owodwa:
I x = (x)(I)
10 -7 = (10 2 )( I )
I = 10 -7 / 10 2 = (10 -7 )(10 -2 ) = 10 -9
Izinga lomsindo womshini (i-TI):
Impendulo efanele ngu-E.
12. Izakhiwo ezijwayelekile zamagagasi yilezi ezilandelayo:
(1) ayikwazi ukuzala endaweni engenamuntu
(2) isakazeka ngqo emithonjeni ehlukene yezindaba
(3) ukuzwa ukuzindla
(4) ukubhekana nokuphazamiseka
(5) ukubhekana nokuphazamiseka
Kusukela ezimpahleni zamagagasi ezingenhla, okuhambisana nezici zamagagasi okukhanya...
A. (1) kanye no-(2) kuphela
B. (3) kanye (4) kuphela
C. (2), (3), kanye no-(4)
D. (3), (4), kanye (5)
E. (1), (3), (4), kanye no-(5)
Ingxoxo
(1) Amaza okukhanya angamaza kagesi angadingi indlela yokusabalalisa. Ngenxa yokuthi awadingi indlela yokusabalalisa, amaza kagesi angasakazeka endaweni engenamuntu.
(2) Lapho amaza okukhanya asakazeka endaweni entsha engena endaweni entsha, amaza okukhanya nawo abhekana nokuqhekeka. Ukuqhekeka kokukhanya ukugoba kwendlela yokusakazeka kwamaza okukhanya. Ukuqhekeka kwenzeka ngenxa yomehluko wejubane lamaza okukhanya endaweni ngayinye ehlukile.
(3) Ngaphandle kokubhekana nokujikijelwa, amaza okukhanya nawo abhekana nokubonakaliswa. Ukubonakaliswa kokukhanya ngesibuko esiyisicaba kuyisibonelo esisodwa sendlela yokubonakaliswa kokukhanya. Ukubonakaliswa kokukhanya ngesibuko esiyisicaba kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthi izibuko eziyisicaba zisetshenziswe njengamathuluzi okuzenzela izimonyo.
(4) Ukuphambuka akugcini nje ngokubonakala ngamagagasi kagesi njengamaza okukhanya, kodwa futhi kuyabonakala ngamagagasi omshini njengamaza amanzi namaza omsindo.
(5) Ngaphandle kokubhekana namaza kagesi afana namaza okukhanya, ukuphazamiseka kuphinde kubhekane namaza omshini afana namaza amanzi, amaza entambo noma amaza omsindo.
Impendulo efanele ngu-D.
13. Naka izici ezilandelayo zamagagasi!
(1) ukubhekana nokuphazamiseka
(2) ukuzwa ukuzindla
(3) ayikwazi ukuzala endaweni engenamuntu
(4) ingabhekana nokuhlukaniswa
(5) uhamba uqonde lapho udlula ngezindlela ezimbili ezahlukene
Kusukela kumagagasi angenhla ahambisana nezici zamagagasi omsindo...
A. (1), (2) kanye no-(3)
B. (1), (2) kanye no-(4)
C. (1), (3) kanye no-(4)
D. (2), (3) kanye no (4)
E. (3), (4) kanye no-(5)
Ingxoxo
(1) Ukuphambuka akugcini nje ngokubonakala ngamagagasi kagesi njengamaza okukhanya, kodwa futhi kuyabonakala nangamagagasi omshini njengamaza omsindo.
(2) Ukuzindla noma ukugxumagxuma kutholwa amaza kagesi afana namaza okukhanya kanye namaza omshini afana namaza omsindo noma amaza amanzi. Isibonelo sesehlakalo sokuzindla kwamaza omsindo yi-echo.
(3) Amaza omsindo angamaza omshini. Amaza omshini amaza adinga indlela yokusabalalisa ukuze asakazeke. Uma kungekho ndlela yokusabalalisa, njengasesivalweni, khona-ke amaza omsindo awakwazi ukusabalalisa.
(4) Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-polarization kwenzeka ngamagagasi adlulayo njengamagagasi entambo, amagagasi ongaphezulu kwamanzi kanye namagagasi kagesi afana namagagasi okukhanya. Amagagasi omsindo angamagagasi ande futhi ngenxa yalokho awakwazi ukubhekana nokuhlukaniswa kwe-polarization.
(5) Uma kusabalala kusuka kwenye indlela kuya kwenye indlela, amaza omsindo abhekana nokuphambuka noma ushintsho endleleni yokusabalala. Ukuphambuka kwenzeka lapho igagasi liqala ukungena kwenye indlela.
Impendulo efanele ngu-A.
Umthombo wombuzo:
Imibuzo Yefiziksi Yezivivinyo Zikazwelonke Zesikole Samabanga Aphezulu/Isikole Samabanga Aphezulu Sokufundela Umsebenzi
