Izibonelo ezi-3 zemibuzo yesibuko esigoqekile
1. Isibuko esigobile inobude obuqondile obungu-5 cm. Chaza ukwakheka kwesithombe bese unquma ibanga lesithombe kanye nokukhulisa isithombe uma ibanga lento esuka esibukweni esigobile lingu-10 cm.
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Kuyaziwa ukuthi:
Ubude obuqondile besibuko esigobile (f) = 5 cm
Ukugxila kwesibuko esigobile kuyinto enhle ngoba indawo egxile esibukweni esigobile yilapho ukukhanya kudlula khona noma kungokoqobo.
Ibanga lento = 10 cm
Impendulo:
Isithombe sokwakheka kwezithunzi zezinto :
Ibanga lesithunzi:
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/5 – 1/10 = 2/10 – 1/10 = 1/10
s' = 10/1 = 10 cm
Ibanga lesithunzi lingu-10 cm.
Ukukhulisa isithombe:
M = -s'/s = -10/10 = -1 izikhathi
Ukukhulisa okungu-1 kusho ukuthi ubukhulu besithunzi bufana nobukhulu bento.
Ukukhulisa isithombe okungekuhle kusho ukuthi isithombe siphendukezelwe. Isithombe siqondile uma ukukhulisa isithombe kukuhle.
2. Into ephakeme ngamasentimitha angu-5 ibekwa phambi kwesibuko esigobile esinobubanzi obungamasentimitha angu-20. Thola ukuphakama kwesithombe uma ibanga ukusuka entweni lingamasentimitha angu-5, 15, 20, 30.
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Kuyaziwa ukuthi:
Irediyasi yokugoba kwesibuko esigobile (R) = 20 cm
Ubude be-focal yesibuko esigobile (f) = R/2 = 20/2 = 10 cm
Ukugxila kwesibuko esigobile kuhle ngoba ukukhanya kudlula endaweni egxile kuyo.
Ukuphakama kwento (h) = 5 cm
Impendulo:
a) Ibanga eligxile (f) = 10 cm kanye nebanga lezinto = 5 cm
Ibanga lesithombe (s'):
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/10 – 1/5 = 1/10 – 2/10 = -1/10
s' = -10/1 = -10 cm
Ibanga elibi lesithombe lisho ukuthi isithombe singokoqobo noma isithombe singemuva kwesibuko esigobile lapho ukukhanya kungadluli khona esithombeni.
Ukukhulisa isithombe (M):
M = -s'/s = -(-10)/5 = 10/5 = izikhathi ezingu-2
Ukukhulisa isithombe kuhle, okusho ukuthi isithombe siqondile.
Ukuphakama kwesithunzi (h'):
M = h'/h
h' = h M = (5 cm)(2) = 10 cm
Isithombe (h') siphakeme ngamasentimitha ayi-10 kunento (h) engamasentimitha ayi-5.
b) Ibanga lokugxila (f) = 10 cm kanye nebanga lezinto = 15 cm
Ibanga lesithombe (s'):
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/10 – 1/15 = 3/30 – 2/30 = 1/30
s' = 30/1 = 30 cm
Ibanga elihle lesithunzi lisho ukuthi isithunzi singokoqobo noma isithunzi siphambi kwesibuko esigobile lapho ukukhanya kudlula khona esithunzini.
Ukukhulisa isithombe (M):
M = -s'/s = -30/15 = -2 izikhathi
Ukukhulisa isithombe ngophawu olunegethivu kusho ukuthi isithombe siphendukezelwe.
Ukukhulisa isithombe kukhulu kuno-1, okusho ukuthi usayizi wesithombe mkhulu kunosayizi wento.
Ukuphakama kwesithunzi (h'):
M = h'/h
h' = h M = (5 cm)(2) = 10 cm
Isithombe (h') siphakeme ngamasentimitha ayi-10 kunento (h) engamasentimitha ayi-5.
c) Ibanga eligxile (f) = 10 cm kanye nebanga lezinto = 20 cm
Ibanga lesithombe (s'):
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/10 – 1/20 = 2/20 – 1/20 = 1/20
s' = 20/1 = 20 cm
Ibanga elihle lesithunzi lisho ukuthi isithunzi singokoqobo noma isithunzi siphambi kwesibuko esigobile lapho ukukhanya kudlula khona esithunzini.
Ukukhulisa isithombe (M):
M = -s'/s = -20/20 = -1 izikhathi
Ukukhulisa isithombe ngophawu olunegethivu kusho ukuthi isithombe siphendukezelwe.
Ukukhulisa okungu-1 kusho ukuthi usayizi wesithombe ufana nosayizi wento.
Ukuphakama kwesithunzi (h'):
M = h'/h
h' = h M = (5 cm)(1) = 5 cm
Isithombe (h') esingu-5 cm silingana nokuphakama kwento (h) engu-5 cm.
d) Ibanga lokugxila (f) = 10 cm kanye nebanga lezinto = 30 cm
Ibanga lesithombe (s'):
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = 1/10 – 1/30 = 3/30 – 1/30 = 2/30
s' = 30/2 = 15 cm
Ibanga elihle lesithunzi lisho ukuthi isithunzi singokoqobo noma isithunzi siphambi kwesibuko esigobile lapho ukukhanya kudlula khona esithunzini.
Ukukhulisa isithombe (M):
M = -s'/s = -15/30 = -0,5 izikhathi
Ukukhulisa isithombe ngophawu olunegethivu kusho ukuthi isithombe siphendukezelwe.
Inani lokukhulisa lingaphansi kuka-1, okusho ukuthi usayizi wesithombe mncane kunosayizi wento.
Ukuphakama kwesithunzi (h'):
M = h'/h
h' = h M = (5 cm)(0,5) = 2,5 cm
Isithombe (h') singaphansi ngo-2,5 cm kunento (h) ngo-5 cm.
3. Isithombe esibonakalayo esakhiwe yisibuko esigobile sikhulu ngokuphindwe kane kunento. Uma irediyasi yesibuko ingu-20 cm, khona-ke ibanga lento ephambi kwesibuko…
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I-Diketahui :
Ukukhulisa isithombe (M) = 4
Irediyasi yokugoba kwesibuko (R) = 20 cm
Ibanga lokugxila (f) = R/2 = 20/2 = 10 cm
Kubuziwe : Ibanga lezinto (ama)
Jawab :
M = – s' / s
4 = – s' / s
– s' = 4 s
s' = – 4 imizuzwana
1/f = 1/s + 1/s'
1/10 = 1/s + 1/4s
4/40 = 4/4s + 1/4s
4/40 = 5/4s
(4)(4s) = (5)(40)
Amasekhondi angu-16 = 200
s = 12,5 cm
Ibanga lento ephambi kwesibuko lingu-12,5 cm.
Imibuzo yesibuko esigoqekile
1. Into ephakeme ngamasentimitha angu-3 isendaweni engamasentimitha angu-3 phambi kobuso besibuko esigobile esibonakalisa ukukhanya. Uma ubude obuqondile besibuko esigobile bungamasentimitha angu-6, nquma: (a) ibanga lesithombe, (b) ukukhuliswa kwesithombe, (c) ukuphakama kwesithombe, (d) izici zesithombe.
Ukhiye wempendulo:
(a) s' = – 6 cm
(b) M = 2
(c) h' = 6 cm
(d) izakhiwo zesithombe: ezibonakalayo, eziqondile, ezikhulisiwe
2. Ibanga lento esuka esibukweni esigobile esinobubanzi obungu-16 cm liyi-12 cm. Uma ukuphakama kwento kungu-4 cm, nquma: (a) ibanga lesithombe, (b) ukukhuliswa kwesithombe, (c) ukuphakama kwesithombe, (d) izici zesithombe.
Ukhiye wempendulo:
(a) s' = 24 cm
(b) M = -2
(c) h' = -8 cm
(d) izakhiwo zesithombe: zangempela, eziguquliwe, ezikhulisiwe
3. Into ingama-20 cm ukusuka esibukweni esigobile esinobude obuqondile obungama-5 cm. Thola: (a) ibanga lesithombe, (b) ukukhuliswa kwesithombe, (c) ukuphakama kwesithombe uma ukuphakama kwento kungama-5 cm, (d) izici zesithombe.
Ukhiye wempendulo:
(a) s' = 6,7 cm
(b) M = -1/3
(c) h' = -5/3 cm
(d) izakhiwo zesithombe: zangempela, eziguquliwe, ezincishisiwe ngosayizi
4. Isithombe esibonakalayo esakhiwe yisibuko esigobile siphindwe kabili ngobukhulu bento. Uma ubude obuqondile besibuko esigobile bungama-20 cm, khona-ke ibanga lento ephambi kwesibuko esigobile li…
Ukhiye wempendulo:
(a) s = 10 cm
