Ubuchwepheshe Bokudlulisa Amandla Angenantambo Ekukhiqizeni Amashaja
Ukuthuthukiswa kwamadivayisi kagesi afana nama-smartphone, ama-smartwatch, ama-earbud, namadivayisi ahlakaniphile asekhaya kuye kwabangela isidingo sokushaja okusebenzayo ngokwengeziwe. Njengoba kushukumiseka kakhulu, abasebenzisi abasafuni ukuthembela ezintanjeni ezihlangana kalula, ziguge, noma zingasebenzi. Ngakho-ke, ukudluliselwa kwamandla angenantambo (i-WPT) sekuyinto entsha eyinhloko ekuthuthukisweni kwamashaja anamuhla. Lobu buchwepheshe buvumela amandla kagesi ukuthi adluliselwe kusuka emthonjeni wamandla aye kudivayisi ngaphandle kokuxhumeka okuqondile ngokomzimba, ngokumane ubeke idivayisi kuphedi ethile noma esiteshini sokumisa.
1. Ukuqonda Ukudluliswa Kwamandla Okungenantambo
Ukudluliselwa kwamandla okungenantambo kuyindlela yokudlulisa amandla kagesi kusuka kusithumeli kuya kusitholi ngaphandle kwesidingo sezintambo. Uma kukhulunywa ngamashaja, isitholi sivame ukutholakala kuphedi yokushaja noma esitendini, kuyilapho isitholi sifakwe kudivayisi (isibonelo, imojuli yokwamukela ku-smartphone). Uma idivayisi ibekwe kuphedi, amandla adluliselwa ngensimu ye-electromagnetic, bese eguqulwa abe ugesi kagesi ukuze ashaje ibhethri.
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ze-WPT kulula ukuyisebenzisa kanye nokuncipha kokuguguleka kwe-port. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kudinga ukwakheka kwe-elekthronikhi okunembile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle, ukuphepha, kanye nokuhambisana namadivayisi ahlukahlukene.
2. Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Zokusebenza Zokushaja Okungenantambo
Amashaja amaningi angenantambo atholakalayo njengamanje asebenzisa isimiso sokufakwa kwe-electromagnetic. Indlela yokusebenza ifana ne-transformer, kodwa inesikhala somoya phakathi kwamakhoyili amabili.
1. Ugesi we-AC ugeleza nge-transmitter coil ephepheni lokushaja.
2. Ugesi ukhiqiza insimu kazibuthe eshintshayo.
3. Le nsimu yamagnetic ibangela i-voltage kukhoyili etholayo kudivayisi.
4. I-voltage evelayo iyalungiswa futhi ilawulwe ukuze ishaje ibhethri ngokuphephile.
Ngenxa yesikhala somoya kanye nokushintsha okungenzeka phakathi kwe-transmitter kanye ne-receiver, ukusebenza kahle kwe-WPT ngokuvamile kuphansi kunokwamashaja anezintambo. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kwekhoyili, imvamisa yokusebenza, kanye nokulawula amandla kuyizinto ezibalulekile.
3. Izinhlobo Zokudluliselwa Kwamandla Okungenantambo Kwamashaja
Ekuthuthukisweni kwamashaja angenantambo, kunezindlela eziningana ze-WPT ezisetshenziswayo:
a) Ukuxhumanisa Okukhuthazayo
Lena yindlela evame kakhulu yokushaja ifoni ephathekayo. Ibanga lokudlulisa amandla lifushane kakhulu (ngokuvamile lingamamilimitha ambalwa kuya cishe ku-1 cm). Indinganiso ye-Qi ethandwayo isebenzisa le ndlela. Izinzuzo zayo ukuzinza, ukuphepha, kanye nokulula kokukhiqizwa ngobuningi. Inkinga ukuthi idivayisi kumele ibekwe kahle ukuze ishaje kahle.
b) Ukuxhumanisa Okuguquguqukayo Okuholelayo
Le ndlela isebenzisa ukugqama phakathi kwamakhoyili okudlulisela kanye nokwamukela ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle ebangeni elide kancane futhi kufezwe ukubekezelelana okungcono kwesimo. Ukugqama kuvumela ukudluliselwa kwamandla okuphumelelayo ngisho nalapho ukuvumelanisa kungaphelele. Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziswa kumadivayisi adinga ukubekwa okuguquguqukayo.
c) Ukudluliswa Kwamandla e-RF/Microwave
Le ndlela idlulisa amandla isebenzisa amaza omsakazo. Inzuzo yayo ibanga elide, kodwa amandla adluliswayo ngokuvamile mancane, kanti izinkinga zomthetho nezokuphepha ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kumashaja e-smartphone anamandla amakhulu, indlela ye-RF ayisasetshenziswa kakhulu.
d) I-Capacitive (Ukudluliswa Kwamandla Anamandla)
Ukusebenzisa amasimu kagesi esikhundleni samasimu kazibuthe. Nakuba kukhanga ngokombono, njengoba ikhoyili ithathelwa indawo ama-electrode, ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kuyinselele kakhulu emazingeni aphezulu amandla, futhi izinkinga zokuphepha nokuphazamiseka nazo zidinga ukunakwa okukhethekile.
4. I-Qi Standard kanye ne-Ecosystem yedivayisi
Uma kukhulunywa ngamashaja angenantambo amadivayisi abathengi, indinganiso ye-Qi (ebizwa ngokuthi "chee") evela kwi-Wireless Power Consortium iyona evelele kakhulu. Le ndinganiso ilawula izici ezifana nalezi:
- indlela yokuxhumana phakathi kwephedi nedivayisi,
– amaphrofayili wamandla (isib. 5W, 7,5W, 10W, 15W, njalo njalo),
– ukuvikelwa kokushisa kanye nokutholwa kwezinto zangaphandle (i-FOD),
- ukusebenzisana phakathi kwemikhiqizo.
Ngale ndlela, abakhiqizi beshaja bangaklama umkhiqizo owodwa ohambisana namadivayisi amaningi, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukwamukelwa kobuchwepheshe emphakathini.
5. Izingxenye Eziyinhloko Ekwenzeni Ishaja Engenantambo
Ukwakha ishaja ye-WPT akukhona nje ukufaka ikhoyili. Izingxenye eziningana ezibalulekile zisebenza ndawonye:
1. Okokufaka amandla kanye nomlawuli
Ngokuvamile yamukela okokufaka kwe-USB (5V/9V/12V) futhi iyiqinise ukuze ivumelane nezidingo zomshayeli.
2. Ikhoyili ye-inverter/yomshayeli
Iguqula i-DC ibe isignali ye-AC evame kakhulu ukuze ishayele ikhoyili yokudlulisa.
3. Ikhoyili yokudlulisa (ikhoyili yokudlulisa)
Ukwakheka kwekhoyili (ububanzi, inani lokujika, ubukhulu bentambo yensimbi/ye-litz) kuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kanye nokushisa.
4. I-IC yokulawula kanye nokuxhumana
Ilawula amandla ngokusekelwe ekuxhumaneni nomamukeli, okuhlanganisa ukuxoxisana ngamandla kanye nokulawula kwamanje/i-voltage.
5. Uhlelo lokuvikela
Kufaka phakathi ukuvikelwa kwamandla kagesi ngokweqile, amandla kagesi angaphezu kwamandla kagesi, izinga lokushisa ngokweqile, kanye ne-FOD ukuvimbela izinto ezincane zensimbi ukuthi zingashisi.
6. Izinto zokuvikela nezokuvikela
Amashidi e-Ferrite avame ukusetshenziselwa ukugxila kumasimu kazibuthe nokunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-EMI.
6. Izinselele Zokuklama: Ukusebenza Kahle, Ukushisa, Nokuqondanisa
Nakuba kulula, amashaja angenantambo anezinselele ezihlukile ezingavamile kakhulu ngamashaja anezintambo:
- Ukusebenza kahle kokudluliselwa kwamandla
Ukungahambisani kahle kwekhoyili, isikhala esiningi, noma i-casing ejiyile kunganciphisa ukusebenza kahle. Ukusebenza kahle okuphansi kusho ukuthi amanye amandla aguqulwa abe ukushisa.
- Ukuphathwa kokushisa
Ukushisa kunganqwabelana phezu kwephedi kanye nedivayisi. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi banezela izinzwa zokushisa, ukulawula amandla okuguquguquka, kanye nemiklamo yekheji enokusabalalisa ukushisa okuhle.
– Ukuqondanisa (indawo yedivayisi)
Ukushaja okuhle kudinga indawo efanele. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, amanye amashaja asebenzisa umklamo wama-coil amaningi noma uhlelo lwe-magnetic (isibonelo, ezinye izinhlelo zokushaja nge-magnetic kumafoni athile).
– Ukuphazamiseka kwe-Electromagnetic (EMI)
Izimpawu zemvamisa ephezulu zingaphazamisa amanye amadivayisi uma ukuvikela kungalungile. Ukwakheka kwe-PCB, ukwakheka kwezingxenye, kanye nezihlungi kubalulekile.
7. Izici Zokuphepha: Ukutholwa Nokuvikelwa Kwezinto Zakwamanye Amazwe
Isici esibalulekile samashaja angenantambo yi-Foreign Object Detection (FOD). Uma into yensimbi, njengohlamvu lwemali noma ukhiye, ibekwa phakathi kwephedi nedivayisi, insimu yamagnetic ingabangela ukuthi ishise. I-FOD isebenza ngokuqapha izinguquko kumapharamitha afana nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, imvamisa yokuzwakala, noma izici zomthwalo. Uma kutholwa into engavamile, ishaja inciphisa amandla noma iyeke ukushaja.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvikelwa kokushisa kumadivayisi nama-pad kubalulekile ukuze kulondolozwe impilo yebhethri futhi kuvinjelwe izingozi zokuphepha.
8. Isiqondiso Sokuthuthukiswa: Ukushaja Okusheshayo Okungenantambo kanye Namadivayisi Amaningi
Ubuchwepheshe be-WPT buyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka bubheke ku:
– amandla aphezulu okusheshisa ukushaja,
– ukusebenza kahle kangcono ngamakhoyili nezinto ezintsha,
– ukushaja kwamadivayisi amaningi (isib. iphedi elilodwa lefoni, iwashi, nama-earbud),
– ukuhlanganiswa kwefenisha nezimoto ezifana namatafula, amadeshibhodi ezimoto, noma izindawo zomphakathi.
Ezimotweni zikagesi kanye namadivayisi ezimboni, i-WPT isiqala ukusetshenziswa nasezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezidinga ukuqina okuphezulu kanye nezixhumi ezincane ezingase zibe sengozini yamanzi noma uthuli.
9. Isiphetho
Ubuchwepheshe bokudlulisa amandla angenantambo bushintshe indlela esibheka ngayo ukushaja, busuka ekuthembeleni ezintanjeni kuya kokuhlangenwe nakho okulula nokulula. Ekuthuthukisweni kweshaja, i-WPT idinga ukubambisana phakathi kokuklama ikhoyili, isekethe yomshayeli, ukulawula amandla, ukuvikelwa kokuphepha, kanye nokuphathwa kokushisa. Izindinganiso ezifana ne-Qi zikhuthaza ukuhambisana okubanzi, okuvumela imboni ukuthi isheshe kakhulu ekwamukeleni ukushaja okungenantambo.
Kusukela manje, ukuthuthuka ekusebenzeni kahle, ukulawula ukushisa, kanye nezici zokushaja okusheshayo kuzokhulisa amashaja angenantambo njengesixazululo esiyinhloko. Ngokuqhubeka nokusungula izinto ezintsha, kungenzeka ukuthi sizobona ukushaja okungenantambo kuba indinganiso ezenzakalelayo kumadivayisi amaningi, kuze kuhlanganiswe ngokwemvelo nezimo zansuku zonke njengedeski, izimoto, kanye nezindawo zomphakathi.
Uma ufisa, ngingaguqula lesi sihloko sibe yinguqulo yobuchwepheshe kakhulu (isb. ukuxoxa ngamaza okusebenza, ama-topology e-inverter, imiklamo ye-litz wire coil, kanye namapharamitha e-Qi) noma inguqulo ethandwa kakhulu ngabafundi abavamile.
