IKHEMISTRI YESIKOLO SAMAPHAKATHI

I-Calorimetry: Ukulinganisa Amandla Okushisa Ekuphenduleni Kwamakhemikhali Isingeniso I-Calorimetry iyigatsha lesayensi elifunda ukulinganiswa kwezinguquko zamandla okushisa ekuphenduleni kwamakhemikhali noma izinqubo zomzimba. Igama elithi "calorimetry" livela kwelesiLatini elithi "calor," elisho ukushisa, kanye nelithi "metri," elisho ukulinganisa. Le ndlela inikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile mayelana ne-enthalpy, entropy, kanye namandla okushisa ezinhlelo ezahlukene. Lesi sihloko… Funda kabanzi

Ukusabela Kwe-Exothermic kanye Ne-Endothermic Isingeniso Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kuyinqubo lapho into noma ingxube yezinto ishintsha ibe yinto entsha enezakhiwo zamakhemikhali ezahlukene. Kuyo yonke impendulo yamakhemikhali, amandla ahlala ehilelekile, kungaba njengokufakwayo noma okukhiphayo. Ngokusekelwe ezinguqukweni zamandla ezenzekayo, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kungahlukaniswa kube izinhlobo ezimbili: ukusabela kwe-exothermic kanye nokusabela kwe-endothermic. Isihloko … Funda kabanzi

Izinhlelo Nemvelo: Ukuhlangana Kokuphila Isingeniso Emongweni wesimanje kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, amagama athi "uhlelo" kanye "nemvelo" abe yingxenye ebalulekile yezingxoxo zesayensi nezenhlalo. Nakuba zingase zizwakale zihlukile, zihlobene kakhulu futhi ziyathonyana. Lesi sihloko sizozama ukuchaza imiqondo eyisisekelo yezinhlelo nezindawo kanye nokusebenzisana kwazo. Incazelo Yesistimu… Funda kabanzi

Umthetho Wokulondolozwa Kwamandla: Isimiso Esiyisisekelo Ku-Physics Isingeniso Umthetho Wokulondolozwa Kwamandla uyisimiso esiyisisekelo esisekela imiqondo eminingi ku-physics naku-chemistry. Lo mthetho uthi amandla awakwazi ukudalwa noma ukubhujiswa, kodwa angashintsha isimo kuphela. Incazelo kanye nemiphumela yalo mthetho kuye kwabumba ukuqonda kwethu indawo yonke futhi kwaba… Funda kabanzi

I-Thermochemistry: Isayensi Ebangela Ukushisa Nokusabela Kwamakhemikhali I-Thermochemistry iyigatsha le-chemistry elifunda izinguquko zamandla, ikakhulukazi amandla okushisa, ahambisana nokusabela kwamakhemikhali kanye nezinguquko zomzimba. Empeleni, i-thermochemistry iphenya ukuthi amandla ngesimo sokushisa adluliselwa kanjani kusuka kwesinye isimiso aye kwesinye nokuthi lezi zinguquko zamandla zithinta kanjani i-enthalpy, i-entropy, kanye nokulingana kwamakhemikhali. Isayensi ye… Funda kabanzi

Isihloko: Umthelela Wokushiswa Kwe-Hydrocarbon Ukushiswa kwe-hydrocarbon kuyinqubo yamakhemikhali evamile kakhulu empilweni yanamuhla. Ama-hydrocarbon, amakhemikhali akhiwe yi-hydrogen ne-carbon, angatholakala emafutheni angaphansi komhlaba njenge-petroleum, igesi yemvelo, kanye namalahle. Lapho ama-hydrocarbon esha, amandla agcinwe ezibophweni zawo zamakhemikhali akhishwa ngesimo sokushisa nokukhanya. Nakuba... Funda kabanzi

Ama-Isomers e-Hydrocarbon Isingeniso Ama-Isomers angama-molecule anefomula efanayo yama-molecule kodwa izakhiwo noma amalungiselelo ahlukene e-athomu. Igatsha elilodwa eliyinhloko le-isomerism yi-hydrocarbon isomerism. Ama-hydrocarbon ayizinto eziphilayo ezakhiwe yi-carbon ne-hydrogen. Angakha amaketanga amade, anamagatsha, namasongo, awanike izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene kanye nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali… Funda kabanzi

Izakhiwo Ezibonakalayo Nezamakhemikhali Zama-Hydrocarbon Ama-hydrocarbon ayizakhi zamakhemikhali ezakhiwe ngama-athomu e-carbon (C) kanye ne-hydrogen (H). Ziyizingxenye eziyinhloko zamafutha angaphansi komhlaba njenge-petroleum, igesi yemvelo, namalahle. Njengenye yezinhlobo ezilula nezibaluleke kakhulu zamakhemikhali e-organic, ama-hydrocarbon anezakhi ezahlukahlukene zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ezithonya ukusetshenziswa kwawo ezinhlobonhlobo... Funda kabanzi

Ama-Hydrocarbon Anuka Kahle Ama-hydrocarbon anuka kahle ayisigaba samakhemikhali e-organic anesakhiwo sendandatho esaziwa ngokuthi indandatho ye-benzene noma enye indandatho ehlanganisiwe kabili. Le ndandatho iqukethe ama-athomu ayisithupha e-carbon axhunywe ndawonye kanye ne-athomu eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ye-hydrogen exhunywe ku-athomu ngayinye ye-carbon. Ama-hydrocarbon anuka kahle abonisa izici ezihlukile ezenza afaneleke kakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo… Funda kabanzi

Ama-Alkenes nama-Alkynes: Izakhiwo kanye Nokusetshenziswa Ekuphileni Kwansuku Zonke Ama-Alkenes nama-alkynes amaqembu amabili ama-hydrocarbon angagcwalisiwe avame ukutholakala kumakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo. Womabili anezici ezihlukile eziwahlukanisa nama-hydrocarbon agcwele njenge-alkanes. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngezincazelo zawo, izakhiwo, izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo empilweni yansuku zonke. Incazelo yama-Alkenes… Funda kabanzi