Ukukhanya Okubonakalayo: Ukwembula Izimfihlakalo Zombuso Obonakalayo
Ukukhanya okubonakalayo yingxenye ye-spectrum kagesi engabonwa yiso lomuntu. Ukwembula lesi simo akugcini nje ngokuqinisa ukuqonda kwethu indawo yonke kodwa futhi kunikeza ukuqonda ngezinhlelo zayo ezahlukene kanye nemiphumela yayo empilweni yansuku zonke. Lesi sihloko sizohlola imiqondo eyisisekelo yokukhanya okubonakalayo, izakhiwo zayo ezibonakalayo nezokukhanya, kanye nezinhlelo zayo ezingokoqobo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuphila kwansuku zonke.
Isingeniso Sokukhanya Okubonakalayo
Ukukhanya okubonakalayo, njengoba sazi, yigagasi likagesi elinobude be-wavelength obungaba ngu-380 kuya ku-750 nanometers. Lona ububanzi obubonakala emehlweni omuntu. Ngale kwalolu bubanzi kukhona imisebe ye-ultraviolet ne-infrared, okuthi, nakuba ingabonakali ngaphandle kwemishini ekhethekile, ibe nokusetshenziswa okuningi okubalulekile.
Umqondo wokukhanya ube yindaba yesayensi amakhulu eminyaka. USir Isaac Newton, ngokuhlola kwakhe okudumile kwe-prism, wabonisa ukuthi ukukhanya okumhlophe empeleni kwakhiwe ngemibala eminingi. Lokhu kwabeka isisekelo sokuqonda kwethu ukukhanya okubonakalayo kanye ne-electromagnetic spectrum.
Izakhiwo Ezibonakalayo Zokukhanya Okubonakalayo
Ukukhanya okubonakalayo kuthwala amandla kanye nomfutho, imiqondo emibili ebalulekile ku-physics. Uma ukukhanya kushaya into, amandla okuqukethe angamuncwa, abonakale, noma adluliselwe. Imibala esiyibonayo ingumphumela wokuxhumana phakathi kokukhanya nezinto ezidlula kuzo noma ezibonakalisayo.
Isibonelo, izinto ezibomvu zibonisa ukukhanya okubomvu futhi zimunca eminye imibala. Ngokufanayo, uma sibona isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, lokhu kungenxa yokusabalala kokukhanya ngama-molecule emkhathini, into eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Rayleigh scattering. Lokhu kusabalala kusebenza kakhulu kuma-wavelength amafushane (okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka), kodwa iso lomuntu lizwela kakhulu kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ukuphazamiseka Kokukhanya Nokukhanya
Asikwazi ukuxoxa ngokukhanya ngaphandle kokuthinta insimu ye-optics. I-Optics igatsha le-physics elifunda ukuziphatha kanye nezakhiwo zokukhanya kanye nokusebenzisana kwayo nezinto. Imithetho yokuzindla kanye nokuzindla iyisisekelo sezinto eziningi zansuku zonke ezibonakalayo. Ukuzindla kubhekisela ekukhanyeni kokukhanya lapho kushaya indawo, kuyilapho ukuzindla kungukugoba kokukhanya lapho kudlula emngceleni phakathi kwemidiya emibili enezinkomba ezahlukene zokukhanya.
Ukuphazamiseka kokukhanya kungenye into ethakazelisayo, lapho amaza okukhanya amabili noma ngaphezulu ehlangana khona futhi akha iphethini entsha. Ukuphazamiseka okwakhayo kwenzeka lapho amaza ehlangana ngesigaba, eqinisana, kuyilapho ukuphazamiseka okubhubhisayo kwenzeka lapho engasekho esigabeni futhi ekhanselana.
Umbala Nokubona
Umbala uwukuhlangenwe nakho okuzimele okukhiqizwa ubuchopho bethu ekuchazeni ubude obuhlukahlukene bokukhanya obushaya i-retina. Ama-cone, amaseli e-photoreceptor ku-retina, anesibopho sokubona umbala. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zama-cone, ngalinye lizwela ubude obubomvu, obuluhlaza, nobuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zimpawu ezintathu kusenza sibone imibala ehlukahlukene.
Ukubona imibala akuthonywa nje kuphela ubude besikhathi bokukhanya, kodwa futhi nawumongo wokubona kanye nezici zengqondo. Izimpawu ezifana nokukhohlisa kombala kanye nokuzivumelanisa nombala zibonisa ubunzima bezindlela zethu zokubona.
Izicelo Zokukhanya Okubonakalayo
Ubuchwepheshe Bokubona
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhanya busebenzisa izakhiwo zokukhanya okubonakalayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene. Amalensi, izibuko, nama-prism kuyizingxenye eziyisisekelo zezinsimbi zokukhanya ezifana nama-telescope, ama-microscope, namakhamera. Kubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana, imicu yokukhanya isebenzisa isimiso sokukhanya kwangaphakathi okuphelele ukudlulisa ukukhanya ngokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, okuvumela ukudluliselwa kwedatha okusheshayo.
Ukukhanyisa
Ukukhanyisa kungenye indlela yokusetshenziswa kokukhanya okubonakalayo okuthinta impilo yansuku zonke. Kusukela ekukhanyeni kwasekhaya kuya ezibanini zasemgwaqweni, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bokukhanyisa, njenge-Light-Emitting Diodes (ama-LED), ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamandla kanye nobude bemithombo yokukhanya.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwezokwelapha
Emkhakheni wezokwelapha, ukukhanya okubonakalayo kusetshenziswa emasu okuthwebula izithombe njenge-endoscopy kanye ne-phototherapy. I-Endoscopy isebenzisa ukukhanya ukubuka ngqo ingaphakathi lomzimba, kuyilapho i-phototherapy isebenzisa ukukhanya okuthile ukwelapha izimo zesikhumba ezifana ne-psoriasis kanye ne-jaundice.
Ucwaningo Lwesayensi
Ukukhanya okubonakalayo kudlala indima ebalulekile ocwaningweni lwesayensi. I-Spectroscopy, inqubo efunda ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinto kanye nemisebe kagesi, isebenzisa ukukhanya okubonakalayo ukuhlonza ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwesampula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-optical astronomy isebenzisa ama-telescope ukubuka nokutadisha izinto zasezulwini.
Izinselele Nekusasa Lokukhanya Okubonakalayo
Nakuba ukukhanya okubonakalayo kuye kwasetshenziswa emikhakheni eyahlukene, kusenezinselele eziningi. Enye yalezi ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zokusetshenziswa kokukhanya nokukhanya. Izinto ezinezinkomba zokukhanya ezilungisekayo, isibonelo, zivula amathuba okuthuthukiswa kwamalensi aguquguqukayo namanye amadivayisi okukhanya.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo olujulile mayelana nokusebenza komzimba kokubona komuntu luyaqhubeka. Ukuqonda kangcono indlela iso kanye nokucubungula kokukhanya okusebenza ngayo kungasiza ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezifana nokungaboni kombala kanye nokuklama izinsiza ezibonakalayo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Isiphetho
Ukukhanya okubonakalayo, nakuba kuyingxenye encane nje ye-spectrum ye-electromagnetic, kunomthelela omkhulu ezicini eziningi zokuphila. Kusukela ezimweni zemvelo esizibonayo ezweni elisizungezile kuya kubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe esibuthuthukisayo, ukuqonda kwethu ukukhanya okubonakalayo kuyaqhubeka nokukhula kanye nentuthuko yesayensi nobuchwepheshe. Ngokuqhubeka nokuhlola izimfihlakalo ezifihliwe ekukhanyeni, sivula umnyango wezinto ezintsha ezintsha ezizokwakha ikusasa.
