I-Biomedical

Isakhiwo se-Chromosome Ezintweni Eziphilayo Ama-Chromosome angenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zamaseli aphilayo, esebenza "njengesitsha" esiyinhloko solwazi lwezakhi zofuzo. Ngaphakathi kwama-chromosome, i-DNA igcinwa, equkethe izakhi zofuzo ezilawula izici, imisebenzi yomzimba, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesidalwa esisuka engqamuzaneni elilodwa kuya kumuntu ophelele. Isakhiwo sama-chromosome asimangazi nje kuphela ngesimo saso kodwa futhi nangesimo saso... Funda kabanzi

Ukupakishwa kwe-DNA ku-Nucleus Yeseli Ngaphakathi kweseli ngalinye le-eukaryotic—njengalelo labantu, izilwane, izitshalo, kanye nesikhunta—kugcinwa imiyalelo yokuphila ngesimo se-DNA (i-deoxyribonucleic acid). Uma i-DNA evela kuseli elilodwa lomuntu ingasongwa, ibingaba ngamamitha amabili ubude. Inselele: umucu omude kangaka ungangena kanjani ku-nucleus yeseli, engama-micrometer ambalwa kuphela ububanzi? Funda kabanzi

Ama-Histone kanye nesakhiwo se-Chromatin Ku-nucleus yamaseli e-eukaryotic, i-DNA ayikho "njengentambo" engaphazanyiswa. Ukube yonke i-DNA yomuntu ibingasongwa, ibizoba ngamamitha amabili ubude, yize ububanzi be-nucleus yeseli bungama-micrometer ambalwa kuphela. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi leli nani elikhulu lezinto zofuzo lingangena ngenkathi lihlala lifinyeleleka ezinqubweni ezibalulekile zebhayoloji, iseli... Funda kabanzi

I-DNA Methylation ku-Gene Expression I-DNA methylation ingenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-epigenetic, elawula ukuthi i-gene ivezwa nini futhi kanjani ngaphandle kokushintsha ukulandelana kwesisekelo se-DNA uqobo. Ngamanye amazwi, ulwazi lwezakhi zofuzo luhlala lufana, kodwa "ukufundwa" kwalo kungashintsha. Le nqubo idlala indima enkulu ekuthuthukisweni kombungu, ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli, ukugcinwa kobunikazi bezicubu, kanye… Funda kabanzi

I-Epigenetics ku-Gene Regulation I-Epigenetics iyigatsha le-biology elifunda izinguquko emsebenzini wezakhi zofuzo ezingabangelwa izinguquko ekulandeleni kwe-DNA. Ngamanye amazwi, i-epigenetics ichaza ukuthi izakhi zofuzo zingavulwa noma zivalwe kanjani ngaphandle kokushintsha ikhodi yezakhi zofuzo ngokwayo. Lo mqondo ubalulekile ngoba usisiza siqonde ukuthi kungani amaseli emzimbeni abelana nge-DNA efanayo… Funda kabanzi

Ama-Genome e-Prokaryotic ku-Molecular Biology Ama-genome e-Prokaryotic ayisakhiwo esiyisisekelo se-molecular biology, esibonisa indlela impilo, ezingeni layo elilula, egcina, eveza, futhi edlulisela ngayo ulwazi lwezakhi zofuzo. Ama-Prokaryotes—ahlanganisa amabhaktheriya nama-archaea—anezinhlangano ze-genome ezincane uma kuqhathaniswa nama-eukaryotes, kodwa asebenza njengamamodeli afanele okuqonda izimiso eziyisisekelo zokuphindaphindwa kwe-DNA, ukulawulwa kwezakhi zofuzo, ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo, kanye… Funda kabanzi

Ukuhleleka Kwezakhi Zofuzo Kumaseli E-Eukaryotic Ama-genome kumaseli e-eukaryotic—njengalawo ezilwane, izitshalo, isikhunta, kanye nama-protist—anezinga eliyinkimbinkimbi nelihlelekile kakhulu lokuhleleka. Ngokungafani nama-prokaryotes, ngokuvamile ane-DNA eyindilinga etholakala endaweni eyodwa (i-nucleoid), amaseli e-eukaryotic agcina iningi lezinto zawo zofuzo ngaphakathi kwe-nucleus ngesimo sama-chromosome aqondile. Ukuze i-DNA... Funda kabanzi

Ukuhlanganiswa Kwezakhi Zofuzo Ku-Molecular Biology Ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhi zofuzo kungenye yezinqubo eziyisisekelo kakhulu ku-molecular biology, okuvumela izinto zofuzo ukuthi zishintshelane, zihlelwe kabusha, noma zihlanganiswe kabusha. Le nqubo idlala indima enkulu ekudaleni ukuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo, ukugcina ukuzinza kwezakhi zofuzo, kanye nokulungisa umonakalo we-DNA. Ezintweni eziphilayo—kusukela kumabhaktheriya kuya kubantu—ukuhlanganiswa kabusha “kuyithuluzi” lemvelo lokugcina ukusinda… Funda kabanzi

Ukulungiswa kwe-DNA Ekuqineni Kwe-Genome Ukuqina kwe-genome kuyikhono lezinto zofuzo zento ephilayo lokugcina ukulandelana kwe-DNA kanye nesakhiwo sayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuzinza kubalulekile ngoba i-DNA igcina imiyalelo yezinto eziphilayo elawula cishe yonke imisebenzi yamaseli, kusukela ekuhlukaneni kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-metabolism kuya ezimpendulweni zemvelo. Kodwa-ke, i-DNA ayiyona i-molecule ezinzile ngokuphelele. Nsuku zonke, … Funda kabanzi

Ukuguqulwa Kwezakhi Zofuzo Ezinhlelweni Zezinto Eziphilayo Ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo kuyizinguquko ezihlala njalo ochungechungeni lwe-DNA, izinto eziyinhloko zezakhi zofuzo cishe kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Lezi zinguquko zingenzeka "kuhlamvu" olulodwa lwe-DNA (isisekelo se-nitrogen) noma engxenyeni ende. Nakuba igama elithi "ukuguqulwa" livame ukuhlotshaniswa nesifo noma into elimazayo, ezinhlelweni zezinto eziphilayo, empeleni... Funda kabanzi