Umthelela Wezinto Ezincane Ezingcolisa Amaplastiki Ezilwaneni Zasolwandle: Inkinga Ekhulayo Yemvelo
Ama-microplastic, achazwa njengezingcezu zepulasitiki ezingaphansi kwamamilimitha amahlanu ububanzi, ayinkinga ekhulayo ezindaweni zasolwandle emhlabeni jikelele. Lezi zinhlayiya ezincane, ezibangelwa ukuwohloka kwemfucumfucu yepulasitiki emikhulu kanye nokukhishwa kwama-microbeads emikhiqizweni, ziye zagcwala yonke indawo yolwandle. Umthelela wama-microplastics ezimpilweni zasolwandle ubalulekile, unezinhlangothi eziningi, futhi udinga ngokushesha uphenyo olunzulu kanye nesenzo.
Imvelaphi Nokusatshalaliswa Kwezinto Ezincane Zepulasitiki
Ama-microplastic avela emithonjeni eyahlukahlukene. Ukuwohloka kwemfucuza emikhulu yepulasitiki, ngezinqubo zomzimba, zamakhemikhali, kanye nezebhayoloji, kuyimbangela eyinhloko. Imikhiqizo yabathengi, njengokukhipha ama-bead emikhiqizweni yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu, imicu yokwenziwa engutsheni, kanye nezinqubo zezimboni, nayo ikhipha inani elikhulu lama-microplastic ezindaweni zasolwandle.
Lezi zinhlayiya ezincane zilula, zizenza zikwazi ukuhamba amabanga amade emoyeni nasemanzini. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-microplastic atholakala cishe kuzo zonke izindawo zasolwandle, kusukela ezindaweni ezimatasa zasogwini kuya ekujuleni okukude kolwandle. Lokhu kusabalala okusabalele kubeka usongo olukhulu nolubanzi ezindaweni zemvelo zasolwandle.
Ukungena kanye Nomthelela Ongokomzimba Ezimpilweni Zasolwandle
Izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle, kusukela ku-plankton encane kunazo zonke kuya ku-whales ezinkulu kunazo zonke, zisengozini yokugwinya ama-microplastic, kungaba ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ngochungechunge lokudla. Ukugwinya kungaholela ekuvinjweni ngokomzimba kwezinhlelo zokugaya ukudla zalezi zilwane, okubangela ukungondleki kahle, ukulimala kwangaphakathi, futhi, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukufa.
Izihlungi zokudla njengemikhomo ye-baleen kanye ne-bivalve mollusk zisengozini enkulu, njengoba zihlunga ngokungakhethi inani elikhulu lamanzi. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi, izinyoni zasolwandle, kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle zidla ama-microplastic, ziwaphambanise nokudla. Uma sezidliwe, ama-microplastic angabangela imiphumela ehlukahlukene engaba yingozi, njengokukhula okuphazamisekile, ukuncipha kwempumelelo yokuzala, kanye nobuthakathaka bamasosha omzimba.
Ukungcola Kwamakhemikhali Nobuthi
Ngaphandle kokulimala ngokomzimba, amapulasitiki amancane asebenza njengezinto ezibangela ukungcola kwamakhemikhali. Amapulasitiki ayaziwa ngokumunca nokugxilisa izinto ezinobuthi njengezinto ezingcolisa izinto eziphilayo eziqhubekayo (ama-POP). Lapho izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle zidla amapulasitiki amancane, zingavezwa kula mazinga aphezulu obuthi, okungabe sekukhula futhi kukhule uchungechunge lokudla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izilwane ezidla ezinye izilwane, okuhlanganisa nabantu, ekugcineni zingadla ukudla kwasolwandle okungcoliswe amapulasitiki amancane kanye nokungcola okuhambisana nakho.
Umthelela wamakhemikhali we-microplastics awugcini nje ngokungcola okuthwalwa yiwo. Amapulasitiki ngokwawo aqukethe izithasiselo ezahlukahlukene, njenge-plasticizers, ama-flame retardants, kanye nama-stabilizers, okungaba yingozi. Lezi zithasiselo zingaphuma futhi zibangele ukuphazamiseka kwe-endocrine, izinkinga zokuzala, kanye nezinkinga zokukhula ezilwaneni zasolwandle.
Ama-Microplastic njengezindawo zokuhlala kanye nama-Vectors e-Pathogens
Ama-microplastic angasebenza futhi njengezinto eziyisisekelo zokufakwa kwamagciwane. Ama-biofilms, okuyimiphakathi yama-microorganisms, angakheka phezu kwama-microplastics, adale izindawo zokuhlala kanye nezifo ezithwala izifo. Lesi simo singenza kube lula ukusabalala kwezifo phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle futhi singase singenise izinhlobo ezihlaselayo ezindaweni ezintsha.
Ukuba khona kwama-biofilm kuma-microplastic kungashintsha nokuziphatha kanye nesiphetho salezi zinhlayiya endaweni yasolwandle. Isibonelo, ama-biofilm angandisa ubuningi bama-microplastic, okubangela ukuthi acwile futhi angenise ukungcola ezindaweni zemvelo ezingaphansi kolwandle ezivame ukungavezwa kakhulu ekungcolisweni kwepulasitiki.
Imithelela Emisebenzini Nasezinsiza Zesistimu Yezinto Eziphilayo
Ukuba khona kwe-microplastics okusabalele kubeka usongo emisebenzini nasezinkonzweni zemvelo. Ama-coral reefs, imibhede yotshani basolwandle, kanye nezihlahla ze-mangrove, okuyizindawo zokuhlala ezibalulekile zezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle, kungathinteka kakhulu ukungcola kwepulasitiki. Ama-microplastics angaphazamisa impilo nokukhula kwalezi zindawo zemvelo ezibalulekile, okubeka engcupheni ikhono lawo lokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezibalulekile njengokuvikelwa kogu, ukuthuthwa kwekhabhoni, kanye nezindawo zokuhlala zezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezibalulekile kwezentengiselwano.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuhle kanye nezindinganiso zokuzilibazisa zezindawo zasolwandle kanye nezisogwini zithinteka kakhulu ukungcola kwepulasitiki encane. Amabhishi agcwele imfucumfucu yepulasitiki namanzi angcoliswe yipulasitiki encane angcolisa ubuhle bemvelo kanye nokukhanga kwalezi zindawo, okuthinta kabi ezokuvakasha, okuwumthombo omkhulu wemali engenayo kwezomnotho emiphakathini eminingi yasogwini.
Amasu Okucwaninga Nokuphendula
Ukubhekana nenkinga yama-microplastic ezindaweni zasolwandle kudinga indlela enezici eziningi ehlanganisa ucwaningo, inqubomgomo, kanye nokuqwashisa umphakathi. Ucwaningo lwesayensi lubalulekile ekuqondeni imithombo, ukusatshalaliswa, kanye nemiphumela yama-microplastic. Izinhlelo zokuqapha zesikhathi eside kanye nezindlela zokuthatha amasampula ezijwayelekile zibalulekile ekulandeleni izitayela kanye nokuhlola ukusebenza kahle kokungenelela.
Izinyathelo zenqubomgomo zibalulekile ekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kwamapulasitiki amancane emvelweni. Ukuvinjelwa kwama-microbeads emikhiqizweni yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu, izinhlelo zokuphathwa kwemfucuza ezithuthukisiwe, kanye nemithethonqubo yokulahlwa kwemfucuza yepulasitiki kuyizinyathelo ezifanele. Ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe nakho kuyadingeka, njengoba ukungcola kwepulasitiki kuyinkinga yomhlaba wonke edlula imingcele kazwelonke.
Imikhankaso yokuqwashisa umphakathi kanye nemfundo idlala indima ebalulekile ekunciphiseni ukusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki kanye nokukhuthaza imikhuba eqhubekayo. Abantu ngabanye bangafaka isandla ngokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi, njengokunciphisa ipulasitiki esetshenziswa kanye, ukubamba iqhaza ekuhlanzweni kwamabhishi, kanye nokusekela izinhlangano kanye nezinhlelo ezihlose ukulwa nokungcola kwepulasitiki.
Isiphetho
Umthelela we-microplastics ezimpilweni zasolwandle uyinselele eyinkimbinkimbi necindezelayo kwezemvelo. Izinsongo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali ezibangelwa yilezi zinhlayiya ezincane zingaba nemiphumela emikhulu ezintweni eziphilayo zasolwandle, ezindaweni zemvelo, kanye nempilo yabantu. Imizamo ephelele neyokubambisana ibalulekile ekunciphiseni imiphumela emibi ye-microplastics nokuvikela impilo yezilwandle zethu. Ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo, izinqubomgomo eziqinile, kanye nesenzo somphakathi esihlangene, singasebenzela ikusasa lapho izindawo zasolwandle zingenaso usongo olusakazekile lokungcoliswa kwepulasitiki.
