Indlela Ama-hormone Athinta Ngayo Ukukhula Nokuthuthukiswa
Ama-hormone adlala indima ebalulekile enkambisweni yokukhula nentuthuko eyinkimbinkimbi nehlelekile. Lawa ma-biochemical messengers akhishwa yizindlala ezahlukahlukene ohlelweni lwe-endocrine futhi ahamba egazini ukuze aqondise izitho nezicubu, lapho eveza khona izimpendulo ezithile zomzimba. Ukuqonda ukuthi ama-hormone alawula kanjani ukukhula nentuthuko kunganikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ngempilo yabantu, izifo, kanye ne-biology yentuthuko.
Uhlelo lwe-Endocrine: Ukubuka Konke
Uhlelo lwe-endocrine luyinethiwekhi yezindlala ezikhiqiza futhi zikhiphe ama-hormone. Izindlala ezibalulekile ezibandakanyeka ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni zifaka phakathi i-hypothalamus, i-pituitary gland, i-thyroid gland, izindlala ze-adrenal, i-pancreas, kanye ne-gonads (ama-ovari nama-testes). Ngayinye yalezi zindlala ikhiqiza ama-hormone athile athonya izinqubo ezahlukahlukene zebhayoloji.
I-Hypothalamus kanye ne-Pituitary Gland
I-hypothalamus, indawo encane ephansi kobuchopho, idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni i-homeostasis nokulawula imisebenzi eyahlukahlukene yomzimba. Ihlanganisa futhi ikhiphe ama-neurohormone alawula i-pituitary gland, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi “i-master gland” ngenxa yethonya layo elikhulu phezu kwezinye izindlala ze-endocrine.
I-pituitary gland ikhiqiza i-growth hormone (GH), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-somatotropin, ebalulekile ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni okuvamile. I-GH ivuselela ukukhula kwamathambo nezicubu futhi idlala indima ekugayweni komzimba. Ithonya isibindi ukuthi sikhiqize i-insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), esekela ukukhula nokuthuthuka.
I-Thyroid Gland
Indlala yegilo, etholakala entanyeni, ikhiqiza amahomoni egilo (i-thyroxine noma i-T4 kanye ne-triiodothyronine noma i-T3) alawula ukusebenza kwe-metabolism, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, kanye nokukhula. Amahomoni egilo abalulekile ngesikhathi sobuntwana kanye nobuntwana ekukhuleni kobuchopho kanye nokukhula kwamathambo. Ukuntuleka kwala mahomoni kungaholela ezinkingeni zokukhula ezifana ne-cretinism noma i-hypothyroidism, ebonakala ngokukhula okungapheli kanye nokukhubazeka kwengqondo.
Izindlala ze-Adrenal
Izindlala ze-adrenal, ezitholakala phezu kwezinso, zikhiqiza ama-corticosteroids nama-catecholamines. I-Cortisol, i-corticosteroid, isiza ekulawuleni i-metabolism, impendulo yomzimba, kanye nokucindezeleka. Ngesikhathi sokucindezeleka, amazinga e-cortisol ayakhuphuka, okungenzeka ukuthi athinte ukukhula ngokuthonya i-metabolism ye-glucose kanye nokuvimbela ukwakheka kwamathambo.
I-Pancreas
I-pancreas ikhiqiza i-insulin, i-hormone elawula amazinga kashukela egazini ngokwenza kube lula ukungenisa ushukela emangqamuzaneni. I-insulin ibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwamandla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-metabolism iyonke. Amazinga e-insulin angajwayelekile, njengoba kubonakala kushukela, angathinta ukukhula futhi aholele ezinkingeni ezahlukahlukene zempilo.
Ama-Gonads
Ama-gonad (ama-ovari kwabesifazane kanye nama-testes kwabesilisa) akhiqiza ama-hormone ocansi (i-estrogen, i-progesterone, kanye ne-testosterone) abalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kocansi kanye nempilo yokuzala. Ngesikhathi sokuthomba, ukukhiqizwa okwandisiwe kwala ma-hormone kubangela ukuthuthukiswa kwezici zobulili zesibili futhi kuthonye ukukhula okusheshayo.
Ukulawulwa Kokukhula Nokuthuthukiswa Kwama-hormone
Ukuthuthukiswa Kwangaphambi Kokubeletha
Uhambo lokukhula nokukhula luqala esibelethweni. Ama-hormone akhiqizwa yi-placenta, njenge-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), i-progesterone, ne-estrogen, asekela ukukhulelwa nokukhula kwengane esanda kuzalwa. Ama-hormone e-thyroid, anikezwa ngumama, adlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuleni kobuchopho bengane esanda kuzalwa. Amazinga anele e-hormone ye-thyroid ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa angaholela ku-hypothyroidism yokuzalwa, okuthinta ukukhula kwemizwa nokwenyama kwengane.
Ukukhula Kobuntwana
Ngesikhathi sobuntwana, ukusebenzisana okuvumelanayo kwama-hormone kuqinisekisa ukukhula nokukhula okuvamile. I-Growth hormone (GH) kanye ne-insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) zibalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukukhula okuqondile kanye nokuvuthwa kwamathambo. Ama-hormone e-thyroid athuthukisa imiphumela ye-GH futhi abalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi.
Ebuntwaneni, ukudla okunempilo kanye nempilo iyonke kuthinta kakhulu ukusebenza nokukhula kwama-hormone. Ukungondleki kahle kungaholela ekushodeni kwezakhamzimba ezibalulekile, kuthinte ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone kanye nesenzo sawo, ekugcineni kuphazamise ukukhula.
Ukukhulelwa
Ukuthomba kuphawula isigaba esibalulekile sokukhula nentuthuko, esibonakala ngokusebenza kwe-hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. I-hypothalamus ikhipha i-gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), evuselela i-pituitary gland ukuthi ikhiqize i-luteinizing hormone (LH) kanye ne-follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Lawa ma-hormone asebenza kuma-gonad, okuholela ekukhiqizweni okwandisiwe kwama-hormone ocansi.
Kwabafana, i-testosterone ikhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezici zocansi zesibili njengokwanda kwemisipha, izinwele zobuso, kanye nezwi elijulile. Iphinde ibangele ukukhula okusheshayo okuvamile kokuthomba. Kwamantombazane, i-estrogen iqondisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamabele, ukwanda kwezinqe, kanye nokuqala kokuya esikhathini. I-estrogen ithinta nokuvalwa kweplate yokukhula emathanjeni, okunquma ubude bokugcina bomuntu omdala.
Ubudala Nokuguga
Nakuba ukuba mdala ngokuvamile kuyisikhathi sokungazinzi maqondana nokukhula, ama-hormone ayaqhubeka nokuthonya impilo yonke kanye nenhlalakahle. Amazinga ama-hormone okukhula ayancipha njengoba iminyaka ikhula, okubangela ukwehla kwesisindo semisipha kanye nokuqina kwamathambo. Ukungalingani kwama-hormone noma ukuntuleka kwawo ebudaleni kungaholela ezimweni ezifana ne-osteoporosis, ebonakala ngokuba buthakathaka kwamathambo kanye nengozi eyengeziwe yokuqhekeka.
Ukuphazamiseka Kwama-Hormonal Nomphumela Wawo Ekukhuleni
Ukuphazamiseka kwama-hormone kungathinta kakhulu ukukhula nokukhula kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokuphila. Izimo ezifana ne-gigantism kanye ne-acromegaly zibangelwa ukukhiqizwa kwe-GH ngokweqile, okuholela ekukhuleni okungavamile kwamathambo nezicubu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuntuleka kwe-GH kungabangela ukufiphala, okubonakala ngokukhula okufushane kanye nokukhula okulibazisekayo.
Izinkinga ze-thyroid, okuhlanganisa i-hyperthyroidism kanye ne-hypothyroidism, zingaphazamisa izinqubo ze-metabolic futhi zithinte ukukhula. I-Hyperthyroidism isheshisa i-metabolism, okungenzeka iholele ekunciphiseni isisindo kanye nokwehla kokuqina kwamathambo. I-Hypothyroidism ibambezela i-metabolism, ibangele ukukhuluphala, ukukhathala, kanye nokukhula okuphazamiseka.
Isifo sikashukela, esibonakala ngokuntuleka kwe-insulin noma ukumelana naso, singaphazamisa ukukhula nokukhula okufanele. Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 1, esivame ukutholakala ebuntwaneni, sidinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela kwamazinga kashukela egazini ukuze kuvinjelwe ukubambezeleka kokukhula kanye nezinkinga.
Ukungenelela Kwama-hormone
Ukwelashwa ngama-hormone kungaba usizo olukhulu ekuphatheni izinkinga ezihlobene nokukhula. Ukunikeza i-hormone yokukhula yokwenziwa kungasiza izingane ezinesifo se-GH ukuthi zifinyelele ukukhula okuvamile. Ukwelashwa kokufaka esikhundleni sama-hormone e-thyroid kungalungisa i-hypothyroidism futhi kusekele intuthuko enempilo. Ukwelashwa nge-insulin kubalulekile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela ukulawula ushukela wegazi nokukhuthaza ukukhula okuvamile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidakamizwa zokuvimbela ukuthomba, imithi evimbela imiphumela yama-hormone ocansi, isetshenziswa ezimweni zokuthomba ngaphambi kwesikhathi ukuze ibambezele ukukhula kocansi kusenesikhathi futhi ivumele ukukhula okuvamile kobude.
Isiphetho
Ama-hormone ayizakhi zokukhula nentuthuko, ahlela ukuhlangana kwezinqubo zezinto eziphilayo ezakha imizimba nezingqondo zethu. Kusukela ekukhuleni kwangaphambi kokubeletha kuya ekukhuleni kobuntwana, ekuthombeni, nangale kwalokho, ukulawulwa kwama-hormone kubalulekile ekugcineni impilo nokuqinisekisa ukukhula okuvamile. Ukuqonda izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi ama-hormone athonya ngazo ukukhula nentuthuko kunganikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ekubhekaneni nezinkinga zama-hormone nokukhuthaza inhlalakahle iyonke. Njengoba ucwaningo lwe-endocrinology luqhubeka luthuthuka, singabheka phambili olwazini olujulile kanye nokungenelela okucwengekile okwengeziwe ukusekela ukukhula okunempilo nentuthuko kuyo yonke impilo yomuntu.
