Ukuze uqonde isithombe sento eyakhiwe yisibuko esijiyile , naka isibonelo esilandelayo sombuzo kanye nengxoxo. Kulo mbuzo, kucatshangwa ukuthi into ikude kakhulu nesibuko esijiyile, bese kuchazwa ukwakheka kwesithombe sento yisibuko esijiyile , ibanga lesithombe esisuka esibukweni esijiyile kanye nokukhulisa isithombe esakhiwe yisibuko esijiyile.
Ake sithi isibuko esijiyile sinobubanzi obugobile obungu-30 cm. Chaza ukwakheka kwesithombe, bese unquma ibanga lesithombe kanye nokukhulisa isithombe uma:
a) ibanga lento lincane kunobude bokugxila (s < f)
b) ibanga lento lifana nobude bokugxila (s = f)
c) ibanga lento likhulu kunobude obuqondile futhi lincane kunobubanzi bokugoba kwesibuko (f < s < r)
d) ibanga ukusuka entweni lilingana nobubanzi bokugoba kwesibuko (s = R)
e) ibanga lento likhulu kunerediyasi yokugoba kwesibuko (s > R)
Ingxoxo
I-Diketahui :
Irediyasi yokugoba kwesibuko esijijekile (R) = 30 cm
Ubude be-focal yesibuko esiqondile (f) = R/2 = 30/2 = -15 cm
Indawo egxile esibukweni esijikijelwayo ingemuva kwesibuko esijikijelwayo lapho ukukhanya kungadluli khona endaweni egxile esibukweni esijikijelwayo, ngakho-ke indawo egxile esibukweni esijikijelwayo inikezwa uphawu olubi.
Jawab :
Ibanga lento lincane kunobude bokugxila besibuko esijijekile (s < f)
Ake sithi ibanga lento esibukweni lingu-5 cm no-10 cm.
1) Ibanga eligxile (f) = -15 cm futhi uma ibanga lento (ama) = 5 cm
Ibanga lesithombe (s') :
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = -1/15 – 1/5 = -1/15 – 3/15 = -4/20
s' = -20/4 = -5 cm
Uphawu olunegethivu lwebanga (s') lesithombe lisho ukuthi isithombe singokoqobo noma isithombe singemuva kwesibuko esijiyile lapho ukukhanya kungadluli khona esithombeni.
Ibanga lesithunzi (s') esingu-5 cm lifana nebanga lento (s) engu-5 cm
Ukukhuliswa okuqondile kwesithombe (M) :
M = -s'/s = -(-5)/5 = 5/5 = izikhathi ezingu-1
Ukukhulisa okuqondile kwesithombe (M) 1 kusho ukuthi usayizi wesithombe ufana nosayizi wento.
Ukukhulisa okuqondile kwesithombe (M) kuhle, okusho ukuthi isithombe siqondile.
2) Ibanga eligxile (f) = -15 cm futhi uma ibanga lento (ama) = 10 cm
Ibanga lesithombe (s') :
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = -1/15 – 1/10 = -2/30 – 3/30 = -5/30
s' = -30/5 = -6 cm
Uphawu olunegethivu lwebanga (s') lesithombe lisho ukuthi isithombe singokoqobo noma isithombe singemuva kwesibuko esijiyile lapho ukukhanya kungadluli khona esithombeni.
Ibanga lesithombe (s') elingu-6 cm lincane kunebanga lento (s) elingu-10 cm
Ukukhuliswa okuqondile kwesithombe (M) :
M = -s'/s = -(-6)/10 = 6/10 = izikhathi ezingu-0,6
Ukukhulisa okuqondile kwesithombe (M) kuncane kuno-1, okusho ukuthi usayizi wesithombe mncane kunosayizi wento.
Ukukhulisa okuqondile kwesithombe (M) kuhle, okusho ukuthi isithombe siqondile.
Ibanga lento lifana nobude bokugxila besibuko esijijekile (s = f)
Ubude be-focal (f) = ibanga lento (s) = 15 cm.
Ibanga lesithombe (s') :
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = -1/15 – 1/15 = -2/15
s' = -15/2 = -7,5 cm
Uphawu olunegethivu lwebanga (s') lesithombe lisho ukuthi isithombe singokoqobo noma isithombe singemuva kwesibuko esijiyile lapho ukukhanya kungadluli khona esithombeni.
Ibanga lesithombe (s') elingu-7,5 cm lincane kunebanga lento (s) elingu-15 cm
Ukukhuliswa okuqondile kwesithombe (M) :
M = -s'/s = -(-7,5)/15 = 7,5/15 = izikhathi ezingu-0,5
Ukukhulisa okuqondile kwesithombe (M) kuncane kuno-1, okusho ukuthi usayizi wesithombe mncane kunosayizi wento.
Ukukhulisa okuqondile kwesithombe (M) kuhle, okusho ukuthi isithombe siqondile.
Ibanga lento likhulu kunobude obuqondile futhi lincane kunobubanzi bokugoba kwesibuko esiqondile (f < s < R)
Ake sithi ibanga lento esibukweni lingu-20 cm no-25 cm.
1) Ibanga eligxile (f) = -15 cm futhi uma ibanga lento (ama) = 20 cm
Ibanga lesithombe (s') :
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = -1/15 – 1/20 = -4/60 – 3/60 = -7/60
s' = -60/7 = -8,6 cm
Uphawu olunegethivu lwebanga (s') lesithombe lisho ukuthi isithombe singokoqobo noma isithombe singemuva kwesibuko esijiyile lapho ukukhanya kungadluli khona esithombeni.
Ibanga lesithombe (s') elingu-8,6 cm lincane kunebanga lento (s) elingu-20 cm
Ukukhuliswa okuqondile kwesithombe (M) :
M = -s'/s = -(-8,6)/20 = 8,6/20 = izikhathi ezingu-0,4
Ukukhulisa okuqondile kwesithombe (M) kuncane kuno-1, okusho ukuthi usayizi wesithombe mncane kunosayizi wento.
Ukukhulisa okuqondile kwesithombe (M) kuhle, okusho ukuthi isithombe siqondile.
2) Ibanga eligxile (f) = -15 cm futhi uma ibanga lento (ama) = 25 cm
Ibanga lesithombe (s') :
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = -1/15 – 1/25 = -25/375 – 15/375 = -35/375
s' = -375/35 = -10,7 cm
Ibanga (s') lesithombe liyi-negative, okusho ukuthi isithombe sibonakala nge-virtual noma isithombe singemuva kwesibuko esigobile lapho ukukhanya kungadluli khona esithombeni.
Ibanga lesithombe (s') elingu-10,7 cm lincane kunebanga lento (s) elingu-25 cm
Ukukhuliswa okuqondile kwesithombe (M) :
M = -s'/s = -(-10,7)/25 = 10,7/25 = izikhathi ezingu-0,4
Ukukhulisa okuqondile kwesithombe (M) kuncane kuno-1, okusho ukuthi usayizi wesithombe mncane kunosayizi wento.
Ukukhulisa okuqondile kwesithombe (M) kuhle, okusho ukuthi isithombe siqondile.
Ibanga lento lilingana nerediyasi yokugoba kwesibuko esijijekile (s = R)
Irediyasi yokugoba kwesibuko (R) = ibanga lento (s) = 30 cm.
Ibanga lesithombe (s') :
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = -1/15 – 1/30 = -2/30 – 1/30 = -3/30
s' = -30/3 = -10 cm
Uphawu olunegethivu lwebanga (s') lesithombe lisho ukuthi isithombe singokoqobo noma isithombe singemuva kwesibuko esijiyile lapho ukukhanya kungadluli khona esithombeni.
Ibanga lesithombe (s') elingu-10 cm lincane kunebanga lento (s) elingu-30 cm
Ukukhuliswa okuqondile kwesithombe (M) :
M = -s'/s = -(-10)/30 = 1/3 izikhathi
Ukukhulisa okuqondile kwesithombe (M) kuncane kuno-1, okusho ukuthi usayizi wesithombe mncane kunosayizi wento.
Ukukhulisa okuqondile kwesithombe (M) kuhle, okusho ukuthi isithombe siqondile.
Ibanga lento likhulu kunerediyasi yokugoba kwesibuko esijijekile (s > R)
Ake sithi ibanga lento esibukweni lingu-40 cm no-50 cm.
1) Ibanga eligxile (f) = -15 cm futhi uma ibanga lento (ama) = 40 cm
Ibanga lesithombe (s') :
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = -1/15 – 1/40 = -8/120 – 3/120 = -11/120
s' = -120/11 = -10,9 cm
Uphawu olunegethivu lwebanga (s') lesithombe lisho ukuthi isithombe singokoqobo noma isithombe singemuva kwesibuko esijiyile lapho ukukhanya kungadluli khona esithombeni.
Ibanga lesithombe (s') elingu-10,9 cm lincane kunebanga lento (s) elingu-40 cm
Ukukhuliswa okuqondile kwesithombe (M) :
M = -s'/s = -(-10,9)/40 = 10,9/40 = izikhathi ezingu-0,3
Ukukhulisa okuqondile kwesithombe (M) kuncane kuno-1, okusho ukuthi usayizi wesithombe mncane kunosayizi wento.
Ukukhulisa okuqondile kwesithombe (M) kuhle, okusho ukuthi isithombe siqondile.
2) Ibanga eligxile (f) = -15 cm futhi uma ibanga lento (ama) = 50 cm
Ibanga lesithombe (s') :
1/s' = 1/f – 1/s = -1/15 – 1/50 = -10/150 – 3/150 = -13/150
s' = -150/13 = -11,5 cm
Uphawu olunegethivu lwebanga (s') lesithombe lisho ukuthi isithombe singokoqobo noma isithombe singemuva kwesibuko esijiyile lapho ukukhanya kungadluli khona esithombeni.
Ibanga lesithombe (s') elingu-11,5 cm lincane kunebanga lento (s) elingu-50 cm
Ukukhuliswa okuqondile kwesithombe (M) :
M = -s'/s = -(-11,5)/50 = 11,5/50 = izikhathi ezingu-0,2
Ukukhulisa okuqondile kwesithombe (M) kuncane kuno-1, okusho ukuthi usayizi wesithombe mncane kunosayizi wento.
Ukukhulisa okuqondile kwesithombe (M) kuhle, okusho ukuthi isithombe siqondile.
