Ubuchwepheshe Bamuva Kumabhethri Kagesi
Intuthuko yobuchwepheshe bebhethri kagesi ibone intuthuko enkulu emashumini eminyaka amuva nje. Kusukela kumabhethri okuqala e-lead-acid asungulwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kuya kumabhethri e-lithium-ion ayinkimbinkimbi esiwasebenzisa namuhla, intuthuko iyaqhubeka. Ezweni elithembele kakhulu emandleni kagesi, isidingo sokugcina amandla esisebenzayo, esiphephile, nesiqhubekayo siya ngokuya siphuthuma.
Lesi sihloko sizobukeza obunye bobuchwepheshe bamuva kumabhethri kagesi, okubikezelwa ukuthi buzovula indlela yenguquko yamandla elandelayo. Ubuchwepheshe okuxoxwa ngabo buhlanganisa amabhethri e-solid-state, amabhethri e-lithium-sulfur, amabhethri e-sodium-ion, i-graphene, kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla obusathuthukiswa njengamanje.
1. Ibhethri Eliqinile
Amabhethri e-Solid-state abhekwa njengenye yezinto ezintsha ezithembisayo kakhulu ekugcinweni kwamandla. Ngokungafani namabhethri e-lithium-ion avamile, asebenzisa ama-electrolyte aketshezi, amabhethri e-solid-state asebenzisa ama-electrolyte aqinile. Izinzuzo ezibalulekile zala mabhethri zifaka phakathi ukuminyana kwamandla okuphezulu, ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside.
Izinzuzo kanye Nezinselele
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zamabhethri e-solid-state ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe, njengoba kungekho bungozi bokuvuza kwe-electrolyte okungadala umlilo noma ukuqhuma. Ama-electrolyte aqinile nawo avumela ukuminyana kwamandla okuphezulu, okuvumela lawa mabhethri ukuthi agcine amandla amaningi endaweni encane. Kodwa-ke, inselele enkulu ekwakheni amabhethri e-solid-state ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-solid electrolyte inomoya ofanele we-ionic kanye nokuhambisana okuhle ne-anode kanye ne-cathode.
Umsunguli Oyinhloko
I-Toyota kanye ne-QuantumScape ziyizinkampani ezimbili ezihamba phambili ekuthuthukisweni kwamabhethri aqinile. I-QuantumScape, esekelwa yi-Volkswagen, ithi ubuchwepheshe bayo bungandisa ubuningi bamandla ngamaphesenti afinyelela ku-50 uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri avamile e-lithium-ion. Kodwa-ke, izinselele zobuchwepheshe kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphakeme kusadingeka kunqotshwe ngaphambi kokuba amabhethri aqinile akhiqizwe ngobuningi.
2. Ibhethri le-Lithium-Sulphur
Amabhethri e-Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) angenye indlela entsha yebhethri enamandla amakhulu. Athembisa ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu kanye nezindleko zezinto eziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri e-lithium-ion.
Amandla Nobuthakathaka
Amabhethri e-lithium-sulfur anomthamo omkhulu wamandla, okusho ukuthi angagcina amandla amaningi ngeyunithi ngayinye yesisindo kanye nomthamo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-sulfur iningi kakhulu futhi ayibizi kakhulu kune-cobalt, ebalulekile kumabhethri e-lithium-ion. Kodwa-ke, amabhethri e-Li-S avame ukubhekana nezinkinga zokuphila komjikelezo omfushane kanye nokuwohloka kokusebenza okusheshayo ngemva kwemijikelezo eminingi yokushaja nokukhipha.
Unjiniyela Oholayo
Izinkampani ezifana ne-Oxis Energy kanye ne-Sion Power bezilokhu zisebenza kanzima ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga. Isibonelo, i-Oxis Energy ibike intuthuko ekwandiseni impilo yomjikelezo wamabhethri e-Li-S kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwawo. Ziphinde zakha amaphrothokholi okusetshenziswa kuma-drones nakwezinye izimoto zasemoyeni.
3. Ibhethri le-Sodium-Ion
Amabhethri e-Sodium-ion ayindlela ekhangayo esikhundleni samabhethri e-lithium-ion. I-Sodium itholakala ngobuningi futhi ishibhile kune-lithium. Imithombo ye-Sodium nayo isatshalaliswa kakhulu ngokwendawo, okunganciphisa ukuthembela ekumbiweni kwe-lithium, okugxile emazweni ambalwa.
Izinzuzo kanye Nemibi
Nakuba amabhethri e-sodium-ion engenakukwazi ukunikeza amandla amaningi njengamabhethri e-lithium-ion, anezinzuzo ngezindleko kanye nokutholakala kwezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lawa mabhethri anobungani nemvelo ngoba i-sodium iyinto esetshenziswa kabusha kalula. Kodwa-ke, inselele enkulu yobuchwepheshe ukwakha i-electrolyte ezinzile kanye ne-anode efanele ukugcina ama-ion e-sodium.
Intuthuko Yakamuva
Izinkampani ezifana neFaradion kanye ne-CATL (Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited) zihola phambili ekuthuthukisweni kwebhethri le-sodium-ion. I-Faradion, isibonelo, ithuthukise ibhethri le-sodium-ion eliyisibonelo elibonisa ukusebenza okuncintisanayo namabhethri e-lithium-ion kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza.
4. Amabhethri Asekelwe ku-Graphene
I-Graphene ibonise amandla amakhulu kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezinhlelo zobuchwepheshe, okuhlanganisa nokugcina amandla. Isakhiwo sayo se-athomu, esakhiwe ungqimba olulodwa lwama-athomu e-carbon, sinomoya ophezulu wokuhambisa, amandla aphezulu okusebenza, kanye nendawo enkulu ebusweni, okwenza kube yinto ekhangayo kakhulu yokuthuthukiswa kwebhethri.
Izinzuzo kanye Nezinselele
Amabhethri asekelwe ku-graphene anganikeza isivinini sokushaja esisheshayo kakhulu kanye namandla okugcina aphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri avamile asekelwe ku-carbon. Kodwa-ke, izinselele ezinkulu kulobu buchwepheshe ukuhlanganisa i-graphene ekwakhiweni kwebhethri okusebenzayo nokuphumelelayo kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphakeme kakhulu.
Ukuqamba kanye Nokusetshenziswa
I-Samsung ne-Huawei ziyizinkampani ezimbili ezihlola ubuchwepheshe bebhethri le-graphene. I-Samsung ibike impumelelo ekwakheni ibhethri le-graphene elingashajwa ngokugcwele ngaphansi kwemizuzu engama-30, kanti i-Huawei itshala imali ocwaningweni oluhlose ukufaka i-graphene ekwakhiweni kwebhethri layo.
5. Ezinye Izindlela Zokugcina Amandla
Ngaphezu kwezinto ezintsha okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla, ubuchwepheshe obusha obuhlukahlukene bokugcina amandla buyacwaningwa futhi buthuthukiswa njengamanje. Isibonelo, amabhethri okugeleza, asebenzisa izixazululo ezimbili ze-electrolyte eziwuketshezi ezigcinwe emathangini angaphandle, anikeza ukuguquguquka nokuphila isikhathi eside, okwenza afaneleke kahle ukugcina amandla amakhulu.
Isitoreji samandla okushisa kanye namabhethri ensimbi ewuketshezi nawo abonisa amandla amakhulu njengezixazululo zokugcina amandla zesikhathi esizayo. Lobu buchwepheshe bunikeza izindlela ezintsha zokugcina nokuphatha amandla ngokusebenza kahle okukhulu nokuthembeka.
Isiphetho
Esikhathini lapho isidingo samandla ahlanzekile futhi asebenzayo sikhula ngokushesha, ubuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla budlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Amabhethri e-Solid-state, i-lithium-sulfur, i-sodium-ion, kanye ne-graphene anikeza izinzuzo eziningi ezinganqoba ezinye zemikhawulo yobuchwepheshe bebhethri obuvamile. Ngenkathi ubuchwepheshe ngabunye buletha izinselelo zabo, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kuyaqhubeka, futhi ikusasa lokugcina amandla libukeka liqhakazile ngezixazululo ezahlukahlukene ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezisathuthukiswa.
Ukutshalwa kwezimali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, ukubambisana phakathi kwemboni kanye nezemfundo, kanye nokusekelwa okwanele kwenqubomgomo kuzoba yisihluthulelo sokusheshisa ukwamukelwa kwalezi zobuchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, singalindela ukubona amabhethri asebenza kahle, aphephile, futhi anobungani nemvelo esikhathini esizayo, okuzodlala indima ebalulekile ekusekeleni ukuguqulwa kwamandla emhlabeni jikelele kanye nentuthuko esimeme.
