Ubuchwepheshe Bebhethri Obuthuthukisiwe Kuma-Smartphones
Phakathi kwezindlela zokuphila ezisheshayo, ama-smartphone aguqukele ekubeni amadivayisi ahlala esezandleni zethu. Kusukela ekuxhumaneni nasekuzulazuleni kuya ekuthwebuleni izithombe kanye nokusebenza kude kuya ekuzijabuliseni, konke kuncike esicini esisodwa esibalulekile: ibhethri. Kodwa-ke, izidingo zamandla ezikhula njalo zivame ukungqubuzana nezidingo zemiklamo emincane, elula kanye nokuphepha okuphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe bebhethri kuma-smartphone buyaqhubeka nokukhula futhi bungenye yezindawo ezijabulisa kakhulu zokusungula izinto ezintsha embonini yamadivayisi eselula.
Ukuthuthuka kwebhethri: kusukela ku-Li-ion kuya kubuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile
Iningi lama-smartphone anamuhla lisasebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion (Li-ion) noma e-lithium-polymer (Li-Po). Womabili asekelwe kumakhemikhali e-lithium, kodwa ahlukile ngesakhiwo se-electrolyte kanye nokupakishwa. I-Li-Po ivame ukuba nezimo eziguquguqukayo, okwenza kube lula ngabakhiqizi ukudala imiklamo yefoni emincane noma leyo enezikhala zangaphakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Okwamanje, i-Li-ion yaziwa ngokuminyana kwayo kwamandla aphezulu kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza ezisebenza kahle.
Nakuba i-chemistry ingase ibonakale "ifana," kuye kwaba nentuthuko ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwamaseli, izinto ze-electrode, ukuphathwa kokushisa, kanye nezinhlelo zokushaja. Ukuthuthuka akuhlali kumayelana nokwanda komthamo we-mAh, kodwa kumayelana nokuphila isikhathi eside kwebhethri, impilo yebhethri ephephile, kanye nokushaja okusheshayo ngaphandle kokusheshisa ukuwohloka.
Ukwanda kwamandla
Isibonakaliso esibalulekile sebhethri ubuningi bamandla, okuwukuthi angakanani amandla angagcinwa ngevolumu noma isisindo esithile. Ama-smartphone anamuhla adinga isikhala samakhamera, amamojula e-5G, izinhlelo zokupholisa, nezinye izingxenye. Ngenxa yokuthi isikhala sangaphakathi silinganiselwe, abakhiqizi bamabhethri bagxile ekwandiseni ubuningi bamandla ukuze bandise umthamo ngaphandle kokukhulisa usayizi webhethri.
Izinto ezintsha ezifana nama-silicon anode ziyisiqondiso socwaningo esithembisayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-graphite evamile, i-silicon ingagcina ama-ion e-lithium amaningi, okungenzeka ukuthi ngokwethiyori angandisa umthamo. Inselele ukuthi i-silicon ivame ukwanda futhi inciphe ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kokushaja, okungenzeka isheshise ukuwohloka. Ngakho-ke, izindlela eziningi zihlanganisa i-silicon ne-graphite noma zisebenzisa izakhiwo ze-anode eziklanywe ngobunjiniyela ukuthuthukisa ukuzinza.
Ukushaja okusheshayo kakhulu: hhayi ama-watts amakhulu kuphela
Ukushaja okusheshayo sekuyinto evame kakhulu. Sivame ukuzwa izibalo ezifana ne-33W, 67W, 120W, nokuningi kwamanye amamodeli. Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe bebhethri obuthuthukisiwe abugcini nje ngokuba namandla kagesi. Okubaluleke kakhulu, yindlela amandla kagesi kanye ne-voltage okuphathwa ngayo ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwebhethri kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside.
Amanye ama-smartphone asebenzisa uhlelo lwebhethri olunezisele ezimbili, lapho ibhethri "lihlukaniswa khona" libe izingxenye ezimbili ezishajwa ngokulingana. Le ndlela ivumela amandla aphezulu okushaja ngaphandle kokulayisha ngokweqile iseli elilodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasekethe okushaja anamuhla asebenzisa ama-algorithms esinyathelo ngesinyathelo (isb., ugesi oqhubekayo olandelwa yi-voltage eqhubekayo) ukunciphisa ukushisa, ikakhulukazi njengoba ibhethri lisondela ekugcwaleni okugcwele.
Ubuchwepheshe obufana namaphampu okushaja kanye nokulawulwa kwamandla kagesi aguqukayo nakho kudlala indima. Ngokuphathwa kwamandla okunembe kakhudlwana, ukushisa kungancishiswa, ukusebenza kahle kwandiswe, kanye nengozi yokonakala kokusebenza kwebhethri incishiswe.
Ukuphathwa kwezinga lokushisa: isihluthulelo sokuphepha nokuphila isikhathi eside
Ukushisa kuyisitha esikhulu sebhethri. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu asheshisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali okubangela ukuwohloka, ukunciphisa amandla, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungaholela ezinkingeni zokuphepha. Ngakho-ke, izinhlelo zokupholisa kanye nokuqapha amazinga okushisa kuyizingxenye ezibalulekile zobuchwepheshe bebhethri besimanje.
Abakhiqizi bama-smartphone manje bathembele ezinzwa zokushisa ezindaweni eziningi: ebhethri, kubhodi lomama, ngisho naseduze ne-chipset. Ngale datha, uhlelo lungalungisa isivinini sokushaja, lunciphise ukusebenza okwesikhashana, noma lumise inqubo lapho amazinga okushisa edlula imikhawulo ephephile.
Ngaphezu kwezinzwa, izinto zokupholisa nazo zishintshile: amakamelo omusi, amashidi e-graphite, ama-thermal gel, ngisho nemiklamo yohlaka lwangaphakathi olusiza ekuqedeni ukushisa. Konke lokhu kuhlose ukugcina ibhethri lisezingeni lokushisa elifanele, kokubili ngesikhathi sokushaja okusheshayo nangesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kakhulu, njengokudlala imidlalo.
Amabhethri "ahlala isikhathi eside" ngesofthiwe kanye ne-AI
Ubuchwepheshe bebhethri obuthuthukisiwe abugcini nje ngehadiwe. Izinhlelo zokusebenza manje zidlala indima ebalulekile ekwandiseni impilo yebhethri yansuku zonke kanye nokunciphisa ukuwohloka kwesikhathi eside. Ama-smartphone amaningi anikeza izici ezifana nalezi:
1. Ibhethri Elizivumelanisa Nezimo: lifunda amaphethini okusetshenziswa kohlelo lokusebenza futhi likhawulele umsebenzi wangemuva ongadingekile.
2. Ukushaja Okulungiselelwe: kugcina ukushaja cishe ku-80–90% futhi kuqede ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzisi avuke, kunciphisa isikhathi ibhethri elisithola ku-100% (okungasheshisa ukuguga kwamakhemikhali).
3. Ukuphathwa Kwempilo Yebhethri: kuqapha impilo yebhethri ngokusekelwe emijikelezweni yokushaja, izinga lokushisa, kanye nemikhuba yokusebenzisa, bese kulungisa amasu okushaja.
Ngosizo lwe-AI, ama-smartphone ayakwazi ukulinganisela ukusebenziseka kalula komsebenzisi kanye nokuphila kwebhethri. Isibonelo, lapho ifoni ibona ukuthi umsebenzisi akadingi ukushaja okugcwele, uhlelo lunganciphisa inani lokushaja eliphezulu ukuze lwandise impilo yebhethri.
Ubuchwepheshe besimanje bokuvikela nokuphepha
Ukuphepha kwebhethri kuyinto ekhathaza umphakathi ngoba izehlakalo ngamabhethri angasebenzi kahle zingaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Ama-smartphone anamuhla asebenzisa izendlalelo eziningi zokuvikela, okuhlanganisa:
– Ukuvikelwa kokushaja ngokweqile kanye nokushaja ngokweqile: kuvimbela ukushaja ngokweqile kanye nokushaja ngokweqile.
– Ukuvikelwa kokushisa okweqile: kuyeka ukushaja lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphephile.
– Isihlukanisi nezinto ezizinzile: kuvimbela ama-short circuits angaphakathi.
– Uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethri (i-BMS): “ubuchopho” obulawula isimo sebhethri futhi bulinganisele izidingo zamandla.
I-BMS kuma-smartphone manje isihlakaniphe kakhulu, ayibonisi nje kuphela iphesenti lebhethri, kodwa futhi ilawula indlela yokushaja, iqapha i-voltage yeseli ngalinye (ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kwamaseli amabili), futhi ilinganisela njalo umthamo olinganisiwe.
Izitayela ezintsha: amabhethri aqinile kanye nekusasa lama-smartphone
Esinye sezihloko okuxoxwa ngazo kakhulu amabhethri e-solid-state (amabhethri anama-electrolyte aqinile). Lobu buchwepheshe bunconywa ngenxa yobuningi bamandla aso aphezulu, ingozi yomlilo ephansi, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, ukufeza amabhethri e-solid-state kuma-smartphone kusabhekene nezinselele ezifana nokukhiqizwa ngobuningi, izindleko, kanye nokuzinza kwezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ngaphandle kwesimo esiqinile, olunye ucwaningo luhlanganisa:
– I-Sodium-ion (natrium-ion): izinto eziyisisekelo ziningi kakhulu futhi zishibhile, kodwa ubuningi bamandla ayo bungaphansi kwe-lithium.
– Ubuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa kabusha amabhethri: ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokubuyisa izinto ezibalulekile ukuze zibe nobungane kakhulu nemvelo.
– Ukwakheka kwe-Modular kanye nokulungiswa: ukusunduza ukwenza amabhethri abe lula ukuwashintsha ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukumelana namanzi.
Uma lo mkhuba uqhubeka nokukhula, ama-smartphone esikhathi esizayo angase abe nokuphila isikhathi eside kwebhethri, iminyaka yokuphila kwebhethri ngaphandle kokuwohloka okukhulu, kanye nokushaja okusheshayo kodwa okuphephile.
Isiphetho
Ubuchwepheshe bebhethri obuthuthukisiwe kuma-smartphone buyinhlanganisela yezinto ezintsha ezintweni zokwakha, ukwakheka kwamaseli, izinhlelo zokushaja okusheshayo, ukuphathwa kwezinga lokushisa, kanye nobuhlakani besofthiwe. Ngenkathi amabhethri e-lithium esabusa, kwenziwa intuthuko cishe kuzo zonke izici ezinquma ulwazi lomsebenzisi: kusukela ekukhuthazeleni kwansuku zonke kanye nezikhathi zokushaja kuya ekuphepheni kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside. Ngocwaningo ngama-silicon anode, ukuphathwa kokushaja okusekelwe ku-AI, kanye nokwenzeka kwekusasa eliqinile, amabhethri e-smartphone azoqhubeka nokuba yisikhungo sokuqamba okusha okuzonquma ukuthi amadivayisi ethu angahambisana kangakanani nezidingo zempilo yanamuhla.
Uma ungathanda, ngingahlela lesi sihloko ukuze sivumelane nezilaleli ezithile (abafundi, okujwayelekile, noma obuchwepheshe), ngingeze idatha yokuqhathanisa (isb., amandla okushaja kanye nomthelela wawo), noma ngidale inguqulo ende enezihlokwana nezinkomba.
