Ubuchwepheshe Obusha Bebhethri Bama-Smartphones
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukusungula izinto ezintsha nge-smartphone kuye kwashesha kakhulu: amakhamera abukhali, izikrini zikhanya kakhulu, futhi ukuxhumana kuye kwashesha. Kodwa-ke, ingxenye eyodwa abasebenzisi abaningi abanomuzwa wokuthi "isalele emuva": ibhethri. Ngenkathi umthamo webhethri ojwayelekile ukhuphukile, izidingo zamandla nazo zikhuphukile ngenxa yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga kakhulu, izikrini ezivuselela kakhulu, kanye nokusetshenziswa okunamandla kwe-AI kanye ne-5G. Yingakho ubuchwepheshe obusha bebhethri bama-smartphone sebube yisihloko esibalulekile—hhayi nje kuphela ngempilo yebhethri yosuku lonke, kodwa futhi nangokuphepha, isivinini sokushaja, isikhathi sokuphila, kanye nomthelela emvelweni.
Kungani Amabhethri E-Smartphone Edinga Ubuchwepheshe Obusha?
Amabhethri e-Lithium-ion (Li-ion) kanye ne-lithium-polymer (Li-Po) asabusa emakethe. Womabili abonakale ethembekile, kodwa anemikhawulo: ukuminyana kwamandla akuthuthuki kakhulu eminyakeni edlule, ingozi yokushisa ngokweqile isalokhu ikhona, kanye nokuwohloka komthamo (impilo yebhethri) kwenzeka ngemijikelezo yokushaja. Abasebenzisi bafuna amabhethri ahlala isikhathi eside, ashaje ngokushesha, angaphumi ngokushesha, futhi ahlala ephephile ngisho nasekusetshenzisweni kakhulu, njengokudlala imidlalo, ividiyo ye-4K, noma ukusebenzisa i-tethering.
Ubuchwepheshe obusha bebhethri buza njengempendulo yezinselele ezine eziyinhloko: (1) ukwandisa umthamo ngaphandle kokuqinisa umzimba wefoni, (2) ukusheshisa ukushaja ngaphandle kokulimaza ibhethri, (3) ukwandisa ukuphepha ukuze ingozi yomlilo noma ukuvuvukala ibe ncane, kanye (4) ukwandisa impilo yebhethri ukuze ukusebenza kuhlale kuzinzile iminyaka.
Ama-Silicon Anode: Amandla Aphezulu Ngosayizi Ofanayo
Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu namuhla ukusetshenziswa kwama-anode asekelwe ku-silicon, kungaba ngokwengxenye (afakwe i-silicon) noma ikakhulukazi i-silicon (ecebile nge-silicon). Kumabhethri avamile e-Li-ion, i-anode ivame ukuba yi-graphite. Ngokwethiyori, i-Silicon ingagcina ama-ion e-lithium amaningi kakhulu kune-graphite, ngaleyo ndlela yandise ubuningi bamandla.
Kodwa-ke, i-silicon inenkinga enkulu: iyakhula uma ibopha i-lithium, bese incipha futhi uma isuswa. Lo mjikelezo wokunwebeka nokuncishiswa ungalimaza isakhiwo se-anode futhi usheshise ukuwohloka. Ngakho-ke, izixazululo ezithuthukiswe kabanzi zifaka phakathi ama-alloy e-graphite-silicon, imiklamo ye-silicon nanostructured, kanye nama-binder amasha, aqinile kanye nama-electrolyte.
Umthelela kubasebenzisi be-smartphone ubalulekile: abakhiqizi banganikeza amandla amakhulu ngaphandle kokukhulisa usayizi webhethri kakhulu, noma balondoloze amandla ngenkathi benza amafoni abe mancane. Lokhu futhi kusekela ukushaja okusheshayo okuzinzile ngoba ukumelana kwangaphakathi kungandiswa ngobunjiniyela bezinto ezibonakalayo.
Amabhethri Esimo Esiqinile: Ukuphepha Nobuningi Bamandla
Amabhethri e-Solid-state avame ukubizwa ngokuthi “ikusasa” lemboni yamabhethri. Ngokungafani namabhethri e-Li-ion endabuko, asebenzisa ama-electrolyte e-liquid noma e-gel, amabhethri e-solid-state asebenzisa ama-electrolyte aqinile. Inzuzo yawo eyinhloko ukuphepha: ama-electrolyte aqinile awashisi kakhulu futhi athambekele ekunciphiseni ingozi yokuvuza noma ukusabela okuyingozi lapho ibhethri lonakaliswa ngokomzimba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe be-solid-state bunamandla okwandisa ukuminyana kwamandla, okwenza kube namandla aphezulu ngamanani amancane. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuma-smartphone kusalokhu kuyinselele ngenxa yezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphakeme, izinkinga zokuxhumana phakathi kwama-electrolyte aqinile nama-electrode, kanye nesidingo sokukhiqiza ngokunemba. Naphezu kwalokhu, ucwaningo kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kule ndawo kukhulu. Uma ubuchwepheshe be-solid-state buvuthwa ngempela kumadivayisi abathengi, singabona amafoni anebhethri ende kakhulu futhi ephephile kakhulu.
Amabhethri e-Sodium-Ion: Enye indlela ewusizo kakhulu kwimithombo
I-Sodium ion (Na-ion) isiqala ukubhekwa njengenye indlela esikhundleni se-lithium ngoba i-sodium itholakala kakhulu futhi itholakala kalula kune-lithium. Kusukela ekubukeni kochungechunge lokuhlinzeka kanye nokusimama, lokhu kuyakhanga: izindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa zingaba zizinzile kakhulu, futhi ukuncika ku-lithium kuyancipha.
Inkinga ye-Na-ion amandla ayo amaningi, ngokuvamile aphansi kune-Li-ion. Ngakho-ke, kuma-smartphone—azwela kakhulu ngobukhulu nesisindo—i-Na-ion ayikakabi yisinqumo esiyinhloko. Kodwa-ke, lobu buchwepheshe buthuthuka ngokushesha. Ezimweni ezithile, njengamadivayisi asezingeni lokuqala, izesekeli, noma izimakethe ezifuna izindleko eziphansi kanye nemijikelezo yempilo ende, i-sodium-ion ingaba inketho ekhangayo esikhathini esizayo.
Ukushaja Okusheshayo Kwesizukulwane Esisha: Akuyona Ama-Watt Amakhulu Kuphela
Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukusungula ibhethri kumayelana nomthamo kuphela. Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe bokushaja okusheshayo buthuthuka ngokushesha. Manje sibona isivinini sokushaja esingu-67W, 100W, kanye nesivinini sokushaja esiphezulu nakakhulu kwamanye amadivayisi. Kodwa-ke, umongo wokushaja okusheshayo kwesizukulwane esisha awukona nje ukwandisa amandla kagesi; kumayelana nokuphatha ukushisa nokugcina impilo yamaseli ebhethri.
Indlela evamile ibhethri "elinamaseli amabili" noma "elinamaseli amaningi", lapho ibhethri lihlukaniswe khona ngamaseli amabili ashajwa ngokulingana noma ngephethini ethile. Lokhu kuvumela ugesi ophansi ngeseli ngalinye, ukulawula ukushisa okungcono, kanye nokushaja okusheshayo ngaphandle kokusheshisa ukuwohloka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-algorithm okushaja aguquguqukayo asekelwe ekushiseni, amaphethini okusebenzisa, kanye nemikhuba yomsebenzisi aya ngokuya ehlakanipha. Uhlelo luzokwehlisa ukushaja luye ekugcineni noma lubambe ibhethri ezingeni elithile (isb., 80–90%) uma ifoni ishiywe ixhunyiwe ubusuku bonke, bese iqeda ukushaja ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzisi avuke. Leli cebo landisa kakhulu impilo yebhethri.
Uhlelo Lokuphathwa Kwebhethri (i-BMS) kanye ne-AI: Ubuchopho Obusemuva Kwempilo Yebhethri
Ubuchwepheshe bebhethri besimanje abugcini nje ngekhemistri, kodwa futhi buphathelene nokuphathwa. Izinhlelo Zokuphatha Ibhethri (i-BMS) ziya ngokuya zithuthukiswa: ziqapha amandla kagesi, amandla kagesi, izinga lokushisa, ngisho nokumelana kwangaphakathi ukuze kuvinjelwe izimo eziyingozi. Kuma-smartphone, i-BMS isebenza kanye ne-chip yamandla kanye nesofthiwe ukulinganisela ukusebenza kahle.
Ngosizo lwe-AI, amafoni angabikezela ukuthi abasebenzisi badinga nini amandla engeziwe, ukuthi bazowalondoloza nini, nokuthi bangawabela kanjani izinsiza kwisibonisi, imodemu ye-5G, i-CPU/GPU, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zangemuva. Umphumela uvame ukubonakala ulula—impilo yebhethri ende—kodwa ngemuva kwezigcawu kukhona ukulungiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi okwenza ibhethri elincane lizizwe “likhulu.”
Izinto Ezintsha Nemiklamo: Kusukela Kumaseli Angenatafula Kuya Ekupakisheni Okusebenzayo Kakhulu
Kuphinde kwenzeke izinto ezintsha endleleni amabhethri ahlanganiswa ngayo. Imiklamo "engenatafula" (ngaphandle kwamathebhu endabuko) kanye nezindlela zamanje ezilungiselelwe kahle kunganciphisa ukumelana kwangaphakathi, kunciphise ukushisa, futhi kwandise ukusebenza kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukupakishwa kwebhethri kuya ngokuya kuba hlakaniphile: isikhala esingenalutho ngaphakathi kwefoni siyancishiswa, ukwakheka kuyaqiniswa, futhi ungqimba lokuvikela ukushisa luyathuthukiswa.
Abanye abakhiqizi bahlola namasu okuhlanganisa anembile kakhulu (ukuhlanganisa izendlalelo ze-electrode) ukuze bandise ubuningi bamandla. Le ndlela ivumela amabhethri ukuthi afake izinto ezisebenzayo kakhulu ngobuningi obufanayo, andise umthamo ngaphandle kokukhulisa usayizi obonakalayo kakhulu.
Izici Zokuphepha Nezemvelo
Ukusebenza kwebhethri okuthuthukisiwe kumele kulinganiswe nokuphepha. Ukusungulwa kwezinto zokuhlukanisa, izinto ze-electrolyte ezizinzile, kanye nezinzwa zokushisa ezengeziwe sekuba yizitayela ezibalulekile. Ama-smartphone nawo ahlonyiswe kakhulu ngezingqimba eziningi zokuvikela: kusukela kuhadiwe (ama-fuse, ukulawula ukushisa) kuya kusofthiwe (imikhawulo yokushaja uma kushisa).
Ngokombono wezemvelo, ukuvuselela kabusha kuyanda ukunakwa. Amabhethri ahlala isikhathi eside anciphisa imvamisa yokushintsha amadivayisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibizayo noma ezithinta kakhulu (kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwe-cobalt okungcono) luyaqhubeka nokuthuthuka. Kusukela manje, amabhethri angagcini nje ngokuba namandla kodwa futhi aphinde asetshenziswe kalula azoba indinganiso efunwa kakhulu.
Yini Abasebenzisi Abangayilindela Eminyakeni Emi-2-5 Ezayo?
Esikhathini esifushane, abasebenzisi cishe bazobona ukuthuthuka okuqhubekayo: amandla aphezulu asebenzayo ngenxa yama-anode e-silicon, ukushaja okusheshayo okuphephile, kanye nokuphathwa kwamandla okuhlakaniphile okusekelwe ku-AI. Esikhathini esiphakathi, isimo esiqinile singase siqale ukuvela ngesisekelo esilinganiselwe, nakuba kungenzeka ekuqaleni esigabeni se-premium ngenxa yezindleko zaso eziphakeme.
Ekugcineni, umgomo wobuchwepheshe obusha bebhethri le-smartphone awugcini nje ngokuba "nezinombolo ezinkulu ze-mAh," kodwa kunalokho ulwazi olunokuthula: amafoni ahlala isikhathi eside, ashaja ngokushesha, alawula izinga lokushisa kangcono, futhi alondoloze impilo yebhethri ngisho nangaphansi kokusetshenziswa okunamandla kwansuku zonke. Ngokuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezintsha kumakhemikhali, ukuklama, kanye nesofthiwe, ikusasa lamabhethri e-smartphone libukeka lithembisa kakhulu—futhi liseduze nephupho labasebenzisi abaningi: alisakhathazeki ngokuphelelwa amandla phakathi nomsebenzi obalulekile.
Uma ungathanda, ngingaguqula lesi sihloko sibe yinguqulo yobuchwepheshe (enezincazelo zama-electrolyte, ubuningi bamandla, kanye nemijikelezo) noma inguqulo ethandwa kakhulu ngabafundi abavamile, okuhlanganisa nokwengeza izibonelo zomkhiqizo kanye nezitayela zakamuva zemakethe.
