Amabhethri Anamandla Aphezulu Amadivayisi E-elekthronikhi
Emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, amadivayisi kagesi athuthuke ngokushesha: ama-smartphones anciphile, ama-laptops alula, ama-smartwatch asethuthuke kakhulu, futhi izinto zasekhaya sezihlakaniphe kakhulu ngenxa yokuxhumeka kwazo kwi-inthanethi. Ngemuva kwayo yonke le ntuthuko kukhona ingxenye ebalulekile kodwa evame ukunganakwa: ibhethri. Ngaphandle kwebhethri elithembekile, idivayisi ephathekayo ibingeke iphatheke ngempela. Yingakho amabhethri anomthamo ophezulu eseyisihloko esibalulekile—hhayi nje kubakhiqizi, kodwa nakubasebenzisi abafuna impilo yebhethri ende, ukushaja okungavami, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okuzinzile komsebenzisi.
Iyini ibhethri elinamandla aphezulu?
Kalula nje, umthamo webhethri inani lamandla elingawagcina bese liwasebenzisa ukunika amandla idivayisi. Umthamo uvame ukulinganiswa ngama-milliampere-hours (mAh) kumadivayisi amancane afana namaselula noma ngama-watt-hours (Wh) kumadivayisi amakhulu afana nama-laptop. Ibhethri elinamandla aphezulu lisho ukuthi lingagcina amandla amaningi kunebhethri elivamile lesigaba noma usayizi ofanayo, okuvumela idivayisi ukuthi isebenze isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokudinga ukushajwa kabusha.
Kodwa-ke, "umthamo ophezulu" ungahunyushwa ngezindlela ezimbili. Okokuqala, kubhekisela kumthamo omkhulu ophelele (isibonelo, ibhethri elingu-6000 mAh kuselula). Okwesibili, kubhekisela ekuminyaneni kwamandla aphezulu, okuyikhono lokugcina inani elikhulu lamandla ngobukhulu nesisindo esincane. Kumadivayisi esimanje abeka phambili imiklamo emincane, ukuminyana kwamandla ngokuvamile kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu.
Kungani Kudingeka Amandla Aphezulu Kakhulu?
Isidingo samabhethri anomthamo omkhulu siyakhula njengoba amaphethini okusetshenziswa kwedivayisi eshintsha. Omakhalekhukhwini abawona nje amadivayisi okuxhumana, kodwa futhi namakhamera, amathuluzi okusebenza, amamephu okuzulazula, izikhwama zemali zedijithali, kanye nezikhungo zokuzijabulisa. Imisebenzi efana nokusakaza ividiyo, imidlalo, izingcingo zevidiyo, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-GPS iqeda amandla ngokushesha kakhulu kunocingo kanye nokuthumela imiyalezo yesikhathi esidlule. Okwamanje, ama-laptop awasagcini emadeskini; abantu abaningi basebenza kude, baya emihlanganweni eku-inthanethi, futhi bathembele kumabhethri abo ukuze bakhiqize nsuku zonke.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izici ezishintshayo zidinga amandla engeziwe: izibonisi zezinga eliphezulu lokuvuselela, ukuxhumana kwe-5G, izinzwa ze-biometric, kanye nezingxenye ezahlukahlukene ze-AI ezikudivayisi. Uma idivayisi ifaka amakhono amaningi, kulapho izidingo zayo zamandla ziphakama khona. Ngakho-ke, amabhethri anomthamo ophezulu ayimpendulo yalezi zidingo.
Ubuchwepheshe Bebhethri Obuvelele Namuhla
Amadivayisi amaningi kagesi anamuhla asebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion (Li-ion) noma e-lithium-polymer (Li-Po). Womabili anikeza izici eziphakeme: ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, ukusebenza kahle okuhle, kanye nekhono lokuphinda ashaje amakhulu emijikelezo. Empeleni, amabhethri amaningi eselula abizwa ngokuthi yi-Li-Po, yize ikhemikhali yawo isawela emndenini we-lithium-ion. Umehluko omkhulu usesimeni sawo somzimba kanye nohlobo lwe-electrolyte, okwenza abe nezimo eziguquguqukayo kakhulu emiklamo emincane.
Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe be-lithium bunezinselele zabo. Ukusetshenziswa okujulile nokushaja okusheshayo kungandisa amazinga okushisa, futhi amazinga okushisa aphezulu asheshisa ukuwohloka. Ngakho-ke, ibhethri elinamandla aphezulu aligcini nje ngokuba "likhulu"; kumele lisekelwe uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethri oluqinile (i-BMS), izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nomklamo wokushisa ophephile.
Izici Ezinquma Ukusebenza Kwebhethri Elinamandla Aphezulu
Kunezici eziningana ezinquma ukuthi ibhethri elinamandla aphezulu liwusizo ngempela:
1. Ubuningi bamandla: uma ubukhulu bomzimba buphezulu, kulapho amandla engeziwe khona endaweni efanayo. Lokhu kubalulekile kumafoni amancane kakhulu nezinto ezigqokwayo.
2. Izinga lokukhipha: ibhethri kumele likwazi ukuhlinzeka ngamaza amakhulu ukuze kusebenze kahle njengokudlala imidlalo noma ukukhiqiza.
3. Impilo yomjikelezo wokushaja: Amabhethri asezingeni eliphezulu agcina amandla awo isikhathi eside. Ibhethri eliwohloka ngokushesha lenza amandla alo okuqala aphezulu angabi nancazelo.
4. Ukuphepha: Ukuvikelwa ekushajeni ngokweqile, ugesi ongaphezu kwamandla, kanye nama-short circuits kuyimpoqo. Umthamo ophezulu usho ukugcina amandla amaningi, okwenza ukuphepha kubaluleke nakakhulu.
5. Ukuphathwa kwezinga lokushisa: Ukushisa kuyisitha esikhulu sebhethri. Amadivayisi anemiklamo emihle yokupholisa ngokuvamile agcina impilo yebhethri isikhathi eside.
Umphumela Wokushaja Okusheshayo Ebhethrini
Ukushaja okusheshayo sekuyinto ethandwayo. Ngamandla aphezulu, amabhethri angashajwa kusukela ku-0–50% ngesikhathi esifushane. Kodwa-ke, amaza okushaja aphezulu angandisa ukushisa kanye nokucindezeleka kwamakhemikhali ngaphakathi kwamaseli ebhethri. Abakhiqizi babhekana nale nkinga ngobuchwepheshe obufana nokushaja kwamaseli amabili ukulawula i-voltage kanye ne-current ngokuphephile, kanye ne-algorithm yokushaja ehleliwe enciphisa ukushaja njengoba isondela ku-80–100%.
Kubasebenzisi, isihluthulelo ukuqonda ukuthi ukushaja okusheshayo kulula, kodwa akuhlali kulungile uma kwenziwa njalo ezimweni ezishisayo. Ukushaja ngenkathi usebenzisa idivayisi kakhulu (isb., ukudlala imidlalo) kungenza izinga lokushisa libe libi kakhulu futhi kusheshise ukwehla kwamandla. Amabhethri anomthamo ophezulu azohlala isikhathi eside uma esetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwebanga lokushisa elifanele futhi enemikhuba efanele yokushaja.
Amabhethri Anamandla Aphezulu Kumadivayisi Ahlukahlukene
Ama-Smartphones avame ukuba yisibonelo esisobala kakhulu. Amabhethri angu-5000–6000 mAh asevamile manje, ikakhulukazi kumafoni abeka impilo yebhethri phambili. Kodwa-ke, amafoni ahamba phambili ngezinye izikhathi akhetha amandla amancane kancane emiklamo emincane noma ukwamukela amakhamera nezinhlelo zokupholisa.
Ama-laptop alinganisa umthamo kuma-Wh. Ama-laptop athambile athambile ngokuvamile asukela ku-40–70 Wh, kuyilapho ama-laptop omsebenzi noma owakhayo angaba makhulu. Kodwa-ke, imithetho yezindiza idinga amabhethri angaphezu komthamo othile, ngakho abakhiqizi bavame ukulinganisela umthamo kanye nokuphatheka kalula.
Amaphilisi nezinto ezigqokwayo nazo ziyazuza ngamabhethri anomthamo ophezulu, yize izinselele zihlukile. Izinto ezigqokwayo zidinga amabhethri amancane nasebenza kahle ngoba isikhala sincane kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukwenza ngcono isofthiwe, izibonisi ezisebenzisa amandla kahle, kanye nezinzwa ezisebenza kahle ngokuvamile kubaluleke njengomthamo webhethri.
Indima Yesofthiwe Nokusebenza Kahle Kwamandla
Ibhethri elikhulu akulona ikhambi kuphela. Ukusebenza kahle kwe-chipset, ukwenza ngcono uhlelo lokusebenza, kanye nokuphathwa kohlelo lokusebenza lwangemuva kuthinta kakhulu impilo yebhethri. Amadivayisi amaningi esimanje asebenzisa amaprosesa anezakhiwo ezisebenzisa amandla kahle kanye nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuncane kakhulu (isb., i-4nm noma i-3nm) ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. Izibonisi ze-OLED nazo ziyasiza ngokuvala amaphikseli ezindaweni ezimnyama. Ukuhlanganiswa kwebhethri elinamandla aphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle kohlelo kuvumela amadivayisi ukuthi ahlale isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukusebenza kahle.
Amathiphu Okukhulisa Impilo Yamabhethri Anamandla Aphezulu
Ukuze ibhethri lihlale liphilile, abasebenzisi bangathatha imikhuba embalwa elula:
– Gwema amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ukushisa okweqile.
– Sebenzisa ishaja esezingeni eliphezulu ehlangabezana nezindinganiso zedivayisi.
– Uma ikhona, sebenzisa isici “sokuvikela ibhethri” noma ukhawulele ukushaja ku-80–85% kokusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke.
– Ungavumeli ibhethri lisebenze lingenalutho kaningi kakhulu.
– Nciphisa umkhuba wokushaja ngenkathi usebenzisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisindayo isikhathi eside.
Lo mkhuba usiza ekunciphiseni ukuwohloka ukuze amandla aphezulu ahlale ewusizo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ikusasa: Ukuqamba Izinto Ezintsha Ngale Kwe-Lithium-ion
Ucwaningo lwebhethri luyaqhubeka. Esinye isiqondiso esithembisayo amabhethri e-solid-state, athatha indawo yama-electrolyte aketshezi ngama-electrolyte aqinile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha futhi kuvunyelwe ubuningi bamandla aphezulu. Kukhona futhi ucwaningo nge-sodium-ion njengendlela eshibhile futhi eningi kakhulu, yize ubuningi bayo bamandla busadinga ukuthuthukiswa ukuze kuncintisane kumadivayisi aphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ze-anode ezifana ne-silicon nakho kunamandla okukhulisa umthamo, yize inselele yokwandiswa kwezinto ngesikhathi sokujikeleza kokushaja isalokhu igxile ocwaningweni.
Isiphetho
Amabhethri anomthamo ophezulu awumgogodla wamadivayisi kagesi esimanje. Ahlangabezana nezidingo zokuhamba nokukhiqiza, ngenkathi evumela izici eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe ngaphandle kokufuna njalo indawo yokukhipha ugesi. Kodwa-ke, umthamo ophezulu udinga ubuchwepheshe bokuphepha, ukuphathwa kokushisa, kanye nokwenza ngcono isofthiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuqina okuhle kanye nesikhathi sokuphila. Uma ubheka phambili, izinto ezintsha ezifana namabhethri e-solid-state nezinto ezintsha zithembisa ukuthuthuka okukhulu nakakhulu, okwenza amadivayisi kagesi athembeke kakhulu, aphephe, futhi aqine kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke.
