Ubuchwepheshe Bebhethri Eliqinile Lezimoto Zikagesi
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zikagesi (ama-EV) kube ngokushesha eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Ukuthengiswa okwandayo emhlabeni wonke, ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo kahulumeni, kanye nokuqwashisa umphakathi ngokukhishwa kwekhabhoni kuye kwashukumisela abakhiqizi bezimoto ukuba baqhubeke nokuqamba izinto ezintsha. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwenjabulo, ingxenye eyodwa isalokhu igxile ekunakweni: ibhethri. Amabhethri anquma ububanzi bemoto, ukuphepha, izindleko, isikhathi sokushaja, kanye nesikhathi sokuphila. Yilapho ubuchwepheshe bebhethri eliqinile buqala khona ukubhekwa njengesinyathelo "esikhulu" esilandelayo, esithembisa ukuminyana kwamandla aphezulu, ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokushaja okusheshayo kunamabhethri e-lithium-ion avamile .
Iyini Ibhethri Eliqinile?
Kalula nje, ibhethri le-solid-state yibhethri elisebenzisa i-electrolyte eqinile njengendlela yokuqhuba ama-ion, elithatha indawo yama-electrolyte e-liquid noma e-gel asetshenziswa kakhulu kumabhethri e-lithium-ion amanje . Kumabhethri e-lithium-ion avamile , i-electrolyte ewuketshezi ivumela ama-ion e-lithium ukuthi ahambe phakathi kwe-anode ne-cathode lapho ibhethri lishajwa noma likhishwa. Ngeshwa, ama-electrolyte ewuketshezi ayavutha futhi angaba yingozi yokuphepha njengomlilo noma ukuqhuma kokushisa uma kwenzeka umonakalo ongokwenyama, amaphutha okukhiqiza, noma izimo zokusebenza ezimbi kakhulu.
Ngama-electrolyte aqinile, amabhethri e-solid-state azama ukuqeda ezinye zalezi zinkinga. Ama-electrolyte aqinile ngokuvamile ayizinto zobumba, ama-polymer aqinile, noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili engakwazi ukuhambisa ama-ion e-lithium ngokuzinzile. Ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa ukuphepha, ukusetshenziswa kwama-electrolyte aqinile kuvula nethuba lokusebenzisa ama-anode ensimbi ye-lithium, anamandla okuhlinzeka ngamandla amaningi kakhulu kune-anode ye-graphite kumabhethri e-lithium-ion.
Kungani I-Solid-State Ibhekwa Njengethembisayo Kuma-EV?
1. Ubuningi Bamandla Aphezulu
Enye yezinto ezikhangayo kakhulu amabhethri e-solid-state ayisisindo samandla esingaba khona Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Ngama-anode ensimbi ye-lithium, amabhethri angagcina amandla amaningi ngevolumu nesisindo esincane. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izimoto zikagesi zingaba nebanga elide ngaphandle kokukhulisa usayizi webhethri, noma ngokuphambene nalokho, usayizi webhethri ungancishiswa ukuze kuncishiswe isisindo semoto futhi kwandiswe ukusebenza kahle.
Kumongo we-EV, ukwanda kwamandla akulona nje inombolo yobuchwepheshe. Kuthinta ukwakheka kwezimoto, isikhala sekhabhini, ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo, ukusebenza kokusheshisa, kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphelele. Uma abakhiqizi benganciphisa inani lamaseli adingekayo kububanzi obunikeziwe, ubunzima besistimu nabo buyancipha.
2. Ukuvikeleka Okungcono
I-electrolyte ewuketshezi kumabhethri e-lithium-ion ivame ukuvuza futhi iyasha. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, njengokushayisana okukhulu noma ukukhubazeka kwangaphakathi, ibhethri lingabhekana nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa okusheshayo, okunzima ukulawula. Amabhethri e-Solid-state anciphisa le ngozi ngoba ama-electrolyte aqinile ngokuvamile awaguquguquki futhi amelana nokushisa.
Ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe kuthinta nezindleko zezinhlelo zokuphatha amabhethri (i-BMS), izidingo zokupholisa, kanye nezindinganiso zokuvikela ukuphahlazeka. Nakuba amabhethri e-solid-state esadinga ukuvikelwa, ukwehla okungenzeka kwengozi yomlilo kuyiphuzu elibalulekile lokuthengisa embonini yezimoto.
3. Ukushaja Okusheshayo
Amabhethri e-Solid-state avame ukuhlotshaniswa namakhono okushaja okusheshayo athuthukisiwe. Ngokwethiyori, ama-electrolyte athile aqinile angasekela amazinga okudlulisa ama-ion aphezulu futhi azinzile kuma-voltage athile. Uma izinselele zobuchwepheshe zinqotshwa, izimoto zikagesi ingashajwa ngokushesha ngokuncipha kokonakala.
Kubathengi, isikhathi sokushaja singenye yezithiyo ezinkulu zokusetshenziswa kwe-EV. Uma amabhethri e-solid-state engalinganisa isipiliyoni "sesiteshi sikaphethiloli" ngemizuzu embalwa, izithiyo zengqondo nezisebenzayo zingancishiswa kakhulu.
4. Impilo Yeshelufu Nokuzinza
Okungcono kakhulu, amabhethri e-EV kufanele akwazi ukumelana nezinkulungwane zemijikelezo yokushaja ngaphandle kokonakala okukhulu kwamandla. Amabhethri e-Solid-state anikeza amandla okuthuthukisa ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali, ukunciphisa ukusabela okungekuhle, kanye nokucindezela ukonakala esibonakalayo se-electrode-electrolyte. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi sokuphila sincike kakhulu ezintweni ezithile ezisetshenziswayo kanye nendlela abakhiqizi ababhekana ngayo nezinkinga ezifana nokumelana kwe-interfacial kanye nokuqhekeka kwe-electrolyte eqinile.
Izinselele Eziyinhloko Zamabhethri Aqinile
Nakuba ethembisa, amabhethri e-solid-state awawona ubuchwepheshe "obulungele ukusetshenziswa" obungenazinkinga. Izinselele eziningana ezibalulekile zenza ukuthuthukiswa kwawo kube nzima kakhulu kunamabhethri e-lithium-ion avamile .
1. Ama-Lithium Dendrites
Inkinga eyodwa ebalulekile ukwakheka kwama-dendrite, izakhiwo ezifana nenaliti ezingakhula kusuka ensimbini ye-lithium ngesikhathi sokushaja okusheshayo noma ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ama-dendrite angangena ku-electrolyte futhi abangele imijikelezo emifushane yangaphakathi. Ucwaningo oluningi lwesimo esiqinile lugxile ekutheni izinto ze-electrolyte eziqinile zingakuvimbela noma zivimbele kanjani ukukhula kwe-dendrite.
2. I-Interface Enzima
Emabhethri, ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-electrode ne-electrolyte kubalulekile. Ama-electrolyte aqinile avame ukuhlangana nokuxhumana okungaphelele ne-electrode, okuholela ekumelaneni okwandisiwe kanye nokusebenza okunciphile. Ngokungafani noketshezi, olumanzisa kalula ubuso be-electrode, izinto eziqinile zidinga ubunjiniyela be-mechanical kanye ne-chemical interface ukuze kugcinwe ukudluliselwa kwama-ion okusebenzayo.
3. Isikali Sokukhiqiza Nokukhiqiza
Amabhethri e-Solid-state adinga izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezahlukene. Izinto zobumba, isibonelo, zingaba buthakathaka futhi zidinga ukunemba okuphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kumele kuqinisekise ikhwalithi ehambisanayo kuzo zonke izigidi zamaseli, into evuthiwe ku-lithium-ion kodwa esathuthuka esimweni esiqinile. Lezi zinselele zesikali zihlobene ngqo nezindleko.
4. Izindleko Zezinto Ezibalulekile kanye Nochungechunge Lokunikezela
Ezinye izinto ze-electrolyte zesimo esiqinile zidinga izinto ezikhethekile, izinqubo zokusila, noma izindawo ezithile zokukhiqiza. Uma izindleko zihlala ziphezulu, isimo esiqinile sizoba nzima ukuncintisana esigabeni sezimoto zikagesi ezimakethe enkulu. Imboni ilwela ukuthola inhlanganisela yezinto ezinikeza ukusebenza okuhle ngenkathi zingabizi futhi kulula ukuzenza.
Izinhlobo Zama-Electrolyte Aqinile Athuthukisiwe
Ngokuvamile, kunezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko:
1. Ama-Electrolyte e-Ceramic (ama-oxide noma ama-sulfide): Ngokuvamile anikeza ukuqhutshwa okuphezulu kwe-ionic. Ama-sulfide ayaziwa ukuthi ayaqhuba kodwa azwela umswakama, kuyilapho ama-oxide ezinzile kodwa angaletha izinselele zokuhlangana.
2. Ama-Electrolyte e-Solid Polymer: Aguquguquka kakhudlwana futhi kulula ukuwacubungula, kodwa ukuguquguquka kwawo kuvame ukuba phansi ekushiseni kwegumbi ngakho-ke ngezinye izikhathi kudinga ukwenziwa ngcono noma ukusebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kancane.
3. Ama-Electrolyte e-Hybrid/Composite: Hlanganisa izinzuzo ze-ceramics nama-polymers ukuze kufezwe ibhalansi phakathi kokuqhuba, ukuguquguquka kanye nokuqina.
Indlela ngayinye inezindlela zokushintshana, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano cishe kuzohluka kuye ngezimoto eziqondiwe, izindleko, kanye namasu omkhiqizi.
Umthelela Wesimo Esiqinile Ekusasa Lama-EV
Uma amabhethri e-solid-state engakhiqizwa ngobuningi ngentengo encintisanayo, umthelela ubungaba mkhulu kakhulu. Ububanzi be-EV bungakhuliswa ngaphandle kokwandisa isisindo semoto, izinhlelo zokupholisa zingenziwa lula, futhi izingozi zomlilo zingancishiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhethri anamandla aphezulu angavula isikhala sokusungula izinto ezintsha: izimoto ezilula, eziguquguqukayo, nezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Lobu buchwepheshe bunamandla okuguqula uhlelo lwezimboni, kusukela kubahlinzeki bezinto zokwakha kuya kubakhiqizi bamaseli ebhethri kanye nezinkampani zezimoto. Amazwe angasungula izintambo zokuhlinzeka eziqinile kanye nezindawo zokukhiqiza kusenesikhathi angathola inzuzo ehlelekile emncintiswaneni wezimoto zikagesi zomhlaba wonke.
Isiphetho
Amabhethri e-Solid-state anikeza umbono wekusasa eliphephile, elide, nelishaja ngokushesha ezimotweni zikagesi . Ngokushintsha ama-electrolyte aketshezi ngama-electrolyte aqinile, lobu buchwepheshe buvula amathuba abalulekile, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-anode ensimbi ye-lithium kanye nokwanda kwamandla. Kodwa-ke, izinselele ezifana nama-dendrite e-lithium, ukumelana kwe-interfacial, isikali sokukhiqiza, kanye nezindleko zamabhethri e-solid-state zisathuthukiswa futhi ziqinisekiswa yizimboni.
Njengoba ukushintshela ekuthuthweni okunomoya ophansi kushesha, i-solid-state ihlala ingenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zesizukulwane esilandelayo samabhethri. Umbuzo awusekho ukuthi i-solid-state inamandla yini, kodwa kunalokho ukuthi imboni inganqoba ngokushesha kangakanani izinselelo zobuchwepheshe futhi ilethe lobu buchwepheshe endleleni ngezinga elikhulu. Uma iphumelela, i-solid-state ingaba yisisekelo esibalulekile sezimoto zikagesi ezingabizi kakhulu, ezithembekile, nezilula.
