Ithonya Lama-Asteroid Emhlabeni
I-Pendahuluan
Ngomhlaka-15 kuNhlolanja 2013, i-asteroid engaba amamitha angu-20 ububanzi yadlula esibhakabhakeni ngaphezu kweChelyabinsk, eRussia, yaqhuma emoyeni. Lesi sigameko salimaza izinkulungwane zezakhiwo futhi salimaza abantu abangaphezu kwe-1,000. Lesi sigameko saba yisikhumbuzo sezingozi ezingaba khona ezibangelwa ama-asteroid eMhlabeni. Ukufunda ngomthelela wama-asteroid eMhlabeni akugcini nje ngokuba nesithakazelo kwezesayensi kodwa futhi kubalulekile ekunqumeni izindlela zokunciphisa ukuvikela iplanethi ezinsongweni ezingaba khona zesikhathi esizayo.
Umlando Wokungqubuzana Kwezinkanyezi
Ukushayisana kwama-asteroid noMhlaba akuyona into entsha. Ubufakazi be-geology, njengemigodi emikhulu yomthelela, bubonisa ukuthi uMhlaba ubhekane nemiphumela eminingi emikhulu emlandweni wawo omude. Esinye sezenzakalo ezidumile kakhulu kwaba umthelela we-asteroid eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingu-66 eyedlule kulokho manje okuyiYucatán Peninsula yaseMexico. Lesi senzakalo kukholakala ukuthi sabangela ukuqothulwa okukhulu okwaqeda iminyaka yama-dinosaur futhi kwavula indlela yokubusa kwezilwane ezincelisayo.
Umphumela Wokungqubuzana Kwe-Asteroid
Ama-asteroid ayizidalwa zasezulwini ezenziwe ngedwala nensimbi, ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene kusukela kumamitha ambalwa kuya kumakhulu amakhilomitha. Lapho i-asteroid ishaya uMhlaba, umthelela ungahluka kakhulu kuye ngobukhulu bayo, isivinini, kanye ne-engeli yomthelela.
1. Amandla e-Kinetic kanye nokuqhuma:
Umthelela obaluleke kakhulu we-asteroid ukuguqulwa kwamandla ayo e-kinetic abe amandla okuqhuma. Isibonelo, i-asteroid eyashaya i-Yucatán eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-66 eyedlule kulinganiselwa ukuthi yayinamandla angama-megaton ayizigidi eziyi-100 e-TNT, angaphezu kakhulu kunawo wonke amabhomu enuzi omhlaba ehlangene. Lokhu kuqhuma kwadala i-crater enkulu, kwaphakamisa izinto zaya endaweni ezungezile, futhi kwavutha imililo ebanzi.
2. Imiphumela Yemvelo:
Imithelela ye-asteroid ingathinta isimo sezulu somhlaba wonke. Izinto ezikhishwa emkhathini zingavimba ukukhanya kwelanga, zehlise amazinga okushisa omhlaba, futhi zibangele into eyaziwa ngokuthi "ubusika obunomthelela." Lesi simo singahlala izinyanga eziningana kuya eminyakeni eminingana, siphazamise i-photosynthesis yezitshalo futhi sithinte uchungechunge lokudla.
3. I-Tsunami:
Uma i-asteroid ingashaya ulwandle, ingabangela i-tsunami enkulu engashaya ugu ngamandla amakhulu. Amagagasi avelayo angabangela umonakalo omkhulu futhi asongele izimpilo zabantu abahlala eduze nogu.
4. Ukuzamazama Komhlaba:
Umthelela wokushayisana ungabangela nokuzamazama komhlaba okukhulu, okwenezela ekubhujisweni kanye nobungozi empilweni kanye nengqalasizinda eMhlabeni.
Izinsongo Zesikhathi Esizayo
Ngenxa yokuthi kusenezigidi zama-asteroid ohlelweni lwelanga, usongo lokushayisana kwama-asteroid noMhlaba luhlala lukhona. Ososayensi bayaqhubeka nokuqapha lezi zinto zasezulwini ngamaphrojekthi afana ne-NASA's Near-Earth Object Observations (NEOO). Bahlonza, balandelele, futhi bachaze ama-asteroid angalimaza uMhlaba.
Ukuvimbela Ukushayisana Kwe-Asteroid
Njengoba bebhekene nalolu songo, ososayensi nonjiniyela bacabangele amasu amaningana okunciphisa lesi simo:
1. Ukutholwa Nokulandelela:
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokunciphisa izingozi ukuthola nokulandelela ama-asteroid angaba yingozi. I-telescope ethuthukisiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe be-radar kusetshenziswa ukumaka imijikelezo yama-asteroid nokubikezela ukushayisana okungenzeka.
2. Ukuphambuka Komjikelezo:
Kunemibono eminingana yokuphambukisa umjikelezo we-asteroid ukuze ivimbele ukuthi ingashayi eMhlabeni. Enye indlela ihilela ukuthumela i-spacecraft ku-asteroid ukuze ishintshe indlela yayo. Omunye umqondo ukusebenzisa ama-gravity tractor, lapho i-spacecraft indiza eduze kwe-asteroid futhi isebenzisa amandla ayo aphansi adonsela phansi ukudonsa i-asteroid endleleni ephephile.
3. Ukubhujiswa:
Nakuba kunzima futhi kuyingozi kakhulu, ukubhubhisa i-asteroid kusetshenziswa izikhali zenuzi nakho kuyacatshangelwa. Ukuqhuma kwenuzi kungabhubhisa i-asteroid noma okungenani kuyihlukanise ibe yizicucu ezincane, ezivuthayo uma zingena emkhathini woMhlaba.
Izifundo ze-Asteroid
Ngaphandle kwezingozi zazo, ukufunda ama-asteroid nakho kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi zesayensi. Ama-asteroid abhekwa njengezinsalela zezinto ezakha uhlelo lwelanga. Ngokutadisha ukwakheka kwawo kanye nesakhiwo sawo, ososayensi bangafunda kabanzi ngezinqubo zokwakheka kwamaplanethi kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Imisebenzi eminingana yasemkhathini, njenge-OSIRIS-REx ye-NASA kanye ne-Hayabusa2 ye-JAXA, iye yavakashela ama-asteroid, yaqoqa amasampula, yawabuyisela eMhlabeni ukuze ihlaziywe kabanzi.
Umnikelo kwiSayensi
Ukutshalwa kwezimali ezifundweni zama-asteroid kuye kwaveza imiphumela eminingi emihle. Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokuthola nokulandelela ama-asteroid buvame ukuba nezinhlelo ezengeziwe, okuhlanganisa neminye imikhakha efana nokubuka isimo sezulu kanye nezinhlelo zempi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo lokuthi zingaxazululwa kanjani izinsongo zama-asteroid luye lwakhuthaza intuthuko kubunjiniyela bokuqhutshwa kanye nokuvikela amaplanethi.
Isiphetho
Ama-asteroid abe nomthelela eMhlabeni selokhu wasungulwa futhi cishe azoqhubeka nokudlala indima esikhathini esizayo seplanethi. Nakuba eminye imithelela yama-asteroid ingadala umonakalo omkhulu futhi ibe nemiphumela emibi empilweni eMhlabeni, ucwaningo lwethu olukhulayo nokuqonda ama-asteroid nakho kunikeza amathuba okuvikela iplanethi. Ngobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kanye nemizamo yamazwe ngamazwe, lezi zinsongo zasezulwini zingalindelwa futhi mhlawumbe zivinjelwe. Ukubambisana komhlaba wonke kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwisayensi kuyisihluthulelo sokugcina uMhlaba uphephile ezinhlekeleleni zama-asteroid ezingaba khona.
