Izimpawu Zemvelo Ezichazwa Yisayensi Yezinkanyezi
I-Pendahuluan
I-Astronomy ingenye yamagatsha amadala kakhulu esayensi, ifunda izinto zasezulwini njengezinkanyezi, amaplanethi, ama-comet, kanye nemithala, kanye nezenzakalo ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwazo. Ngokusebenzisa i-astronomy, abantu bakwazile ukwembula izimfihlakalo eziningi zemvelo ezenzeka emkhathini. Kulesi sihloko, sizobukeza ezinye zezenzakalo zemvelo ezibalulekile ezichazwe yi-astronomy, ukuthi lezi zincazelo zenzeka kanjani, kanye nemiphumela yalezi zinto ezitholakele.
1. Ukufiphala Kwelanga kanye nokufiphala Kwenyanga
Ukufiphala kwelanga kanye nokufiphala kwenyanga kuyizinto ezimbili zemvelo ezijwayeleke kakhulu kwabaningi. Ukufiphala kwelanga kwenzeka lapho iNyanga ihamba phakathi koMhlaba neLanga, ivimba ukukhanya kweLanga kancane noma ngokuphelele. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukufiphala kwenyanga kwenzeka lapho uMhlaba udlula phakathi kweLanga neNyanga, uphonsa isithunzi soMhlaba ebusweni beNyanga.
Izincazelo zokuqala zezinkanyezi zokufiphala kwelanga zenziwa ososayensi basendulo baseGrisi. U-Aristarchus waseSamos wayengomunye wososayensi abafunda ukufiphala kwelanga futhi wasebenzisa lesi simo ukufakazela ukuthi uMhlaba uyindilinga futhi ujikeleza iLanga. Ngokubheka okwengeziwe kanye nokubala kwezibalo, izinkanyezi zanamuhla ziye zakwazi ukubikezela izikhathi nezindawo zokufiphala kwelanga ngokunemba okuphezulu, okuvumela abacwaningi kanye nomphakathi jikelele ukuba bakubone.
2. Ukushintsha Kwezinkathi Zonyaka
Ukushintsha kwezinkathi zonyaka kungenye into yemvelo echazwa ukunyakaza koMhlaba uzungeze iLanga. Umhlaba awujikelezi ngendlela eqondile endleleni yawo yokuzungeza, kodwa kunalokho uthambekele cishe kuma-degree angu-23,5. Lokhu kuthambekela kubangela ukushintsha kwenani lokukhanya kwelanga elitholakala ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zoMhlaba unyaka wonke, okubangela ukushintsha kwezinkathi zonyaka.
Isibonelo, ihlobo lenzeka lapho ingxenye esenyakatho yezwe ithambekele ngaseLangeni, ithola ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile nokude. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ubusika lwenzeka lapho ingxenye esenyakatho yezwe ithambekele kude neLanga. I-Astronomy isenza sikwazi ukuqonda lezi zinguquko, okusivumela ukuthi sichaze futhi sibikezele isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu ngokunembile.
3. Isigaba Senyanga
Izigaba zenyanga ziyizinto zemvelo ezichaza ukushintsha kokubonakala kweNyanga kusuka eMhlabeni. Lezi zigaba, njengenyanga egcwele, inyanga ecwebezelayo, kanye nenyanga entsha, zenzeka ngenxa yezinguquko ezikhundleni ezihambisanayo zoMhlaba, iNyanga, kanye neLanga. INyanga ayikhiphi ukukhanya kwayo, kodwa kunalokho ibonakalisa ukukhanya kweLanga. Ngakho-ke, ukukhanya okubonakalayo okuvela eMhlabeni kuncike endaweni yeNyanga ekuzungeni kwayo.
Izincazelo zezigaba zeNyanga ziye zashintsha kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, kodwa intuthuko yesimanje kwezesayensi yezinkanyezi inikeze ukuqonda okuningiliziwe ngokujikeleza kweNyanga kanye nokuguquguquka kokuxhumana kwamandla adonsela phansi phakathi koMhlaba neNyanga. Lolu lwazi luphinde lusize ekusetshenzisweni kwansuku zonke njengamakhalenda enyanga kanye namasiko ahlukahlukene namasiko enkolo.
4. Amagagasi
Amagagasi olwandle akhuphuka futhi ehla nsuku zonke. Lesi simo sibangelwa ukudonswa kwamandla adonsela phansi kweNyanga kanye, ngezinga elincane, neLanga. La mandla adonsela phansi adonsa amanzi olwandle, adale indunduma ohlangothini loMhlaba olubheke iNyanga kanye nohlangothi oluphambene ngenxa yamandla e-centrifugal.
U-Isaac Newton wayengomunye wabokuqala ukuchaza lesi simo ngokwesayensi ngomthetho wakhe wamandla adonsela phansi emhlabeni wonke. Ngokuqonda izinkanyezi, singabikezela izikhathi nokuphakama kwamagagasi ngokunemba okukhulu, okubalulekile ekuzulazuleni olwandle kanye nemisebenzi eyahlukahlukene yasogwini.
5. I-Aurora
I-Aurora, eyaziwa nangokuthi 'izibani zaseNyakatho' (i-Aurora Borealis) kanye 'nezibani zaseNingizimu' (i-Aurora Australis), iyisenzakalo semvelo esimangalisayo esiqukethe ukuboniswa kokukhanya okwenzeka eduze kwezinsika ezisenyakatho naseningizimu yoMhlaba. Lesi simo senzeka lapho izinhlayiya ezishajiwe ezivela emoyeni welanga zihlangana nensimu yamagnetic yoMhlaba futhi zishayisana nomoya ongaphezulu, okubangela i-ionization kanye nokukhishwa kokukhanya ngemibala eyahlukahlukene.
Ucwaningo nge-auroras lubonise ukuxhumana phakathi komsebenzi welanga kanye nokuguquguquka kwe-magnetosphere yoMhlaba. Isibonelo, iziphepho ezinamandla zelanga zingandisa amandla e-auroras. Ngokuqapha umsebenzi welanga ngokusebenzisa izindawo zokuhlola zasemkhathini ezifana ne-Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO), singabikezela ukubonakala kwe-auroras futhi siqonde kabanzi ukusebenzisana phakathi kweLanga noMhlaba.
6. Imvula yeMeteor
Imvula ye-meteor iyinto lapho inani elikhulu lama-meteor libonakala lihambahamba esibhakabhakeni sasebusuku ngesikhathi esifushane. Lesi simo senzeka lapho uMhlaba udlula emzileni we-comet bese ubamba izinhlayiya ezincane emsileni we-comet, ezingena emoyeni woMhlaba ngesivinini esikhulu, zishe, futhi zidale ukukhanya okukhanyayo.
Isayensi yezinkanyezi isenza sikwazi ukuqonda izindlela ezizungezayo zama-comet kanye nesikhathi sokudlula koMhlaba kulezi zinhlayiya. Izibonelo ezidumile yi-Perseid meteor shower njalo ngo-Agasti kanye ne-Leonid meteor shower njalo ngoNovemba. Lolu lwazi lusenza sikwazi ukuchaza nokujabulela ubuhle besibhakabhaka sasebusuku, ngezinye izikhathi esibonisa amakhulu ama-meteor ngehora elilodwa.
7. Umgodi Omnyama
Imigodi emnyama ingenye yezenzakalo zemvelo eziyimfihlakalo nezithakazelisayo kakhulu ezichazwa yisayensi yezinkanyezi. Imigodi emnyama yizindawo zesikhala lapho amandla adonsela phansi enamandla khona kangangokuthi akukho lutho, okuhlanganisa nokukhanya, olungaphuma. Yakha ngokuwa kwezinkanyezi ezinkulu futhi inomthelela omkhulu ezindaweni ezizungezile.
Besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokubuka njenge-Event Horizon telescope, izazi zezinkanyezi ziphumelele ekutholeni isithombe esiqondile somgodi omnyama. Lokhu kutholwa kuqinisekisa umbono ka-Einstein wokuhlobana okujwayelekile futhi kusinikeza ukuqonda okujulile ngendawo yonke, amandla ezinkanyezi, kanye namandla adonsela phansi.
I-Penutup
I-Astronomy ichaze izinto eziningi zemvelo ezazibhekwa njengeziyimfihlakalo nezididayo ngaphambili. Kusukela ekufiphaleni kwelanga kuya kuma-aurora, kusukela ezigabeni zenyanga kuya emigodini emnyama, i-astronomy ayivuli nje kuphela ifasitela esikhaleni kodwa futhi isisiza siqonde kangcono umhlaba esiphila kuwo. Ikhono lesintu lokufunda nokuqonda indawo yonke nge-astronomy lingenye yezinto ezinkulu kakhulu ezifezwe emlandweni wesayensi. Ngokubuka okuqhubekayo, imibono, kanye nobuchwepheshe, ulwazi lwethu ngendawo yonke luzoqhubeka lukhula, lunikeze izimpendulo zezimfihlakalo ezijulile futhi lukhuthaze ukuhlola okwengeziwe.
