Amaqiniso Athakazelisayo NgeJupiter
I-Jupiter iyiplanethi enkulu kunazo zonke ohlelweni lwethu lwelanga futhi inezici eziningana ezihlukile ezenza kube yisihloko esithakazelisayo socwaningo nengxoxo phakathi kososayensi nabathandi bezinkanyezi. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola amaqiniso athakazelisayo nge-Jupiter, kusukela ngobukhulu bayo nokwakheka kwayo kuya ezimweni zayo zasemkhathini kanye nezinyanga ezithakazelisayo.
Usayizi kanye nesisindo
I-Jupiter yaziwa njenge-gas giant futhi iyiplanethi enkulu kunazo zonke ohlelweni lwethu lwelanga. Ububanzi bayo bungamakhilomitha angaba ngu-142.984, noma cishe izikhathi ezingu-11 kunoMhlaba. Isisindo se-Jupiter singamakhilogremu angu-1.898 × 10^27, okulingana nobukhulu obuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-318 kunoMhlaba. Umthamo weplanethi nawo mkhulu kakhulu, uyakwazi ukwamukela uMhlaba ongaphezu kuka-1.300 ngaphakathi kwawo.
Ukwakheka kanye nesakhiwo sangaphakathi
I-Jupiter, igesi enkulu, yakhiwe ngokuyinhloko yi-hydrogen (cishe ama-90%) kanye ne-helium (cishe ama-10%). Umkhathi wayo uqukethe ne-methane, i-ammonia, umhwamuko wamanzi, nezinye izinto ezihlanganisiwe. Ngaphansi kwalesi simo esiminyene, ukucindezela kukhula kakhulu, okwenza i-hydrogen iguqukele esimweni soketshezi ngisho nakuyi-hydrogen yensimbi ekujuleni okukhulu. Isikhungo seplanethi cishe sinomgogodla onamatshe noma obandayo ozungezwe ungqimba olujiyile lwe-hydrogen yensimbi kanye ne-helium.
Umkhathi kanye neziphepho ezinkulu
Esinye sezici ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu zeJupiter umoya wayo, ogcwele amaphethini amafu anemibala adala umbukwane obonakalayo omangalisayo. Ukubonakala kwamabhande amafu amnyama nakhanyayo kubangelwa umehluko ekushiseni nasekubunjweni kwamakhemikhali.
Isenzakalo esidumile kakhulu seJupiter esisemkhathini yiGreat Red Spot, isiphepho esikhulu esihlale iminyaka engaphezu kuka-350. Ububanzi baso bungafinyelela ubukhulu obuphindwe kathathu kunoMhlaba, kanti imimoya yaso ifinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-432 km/h. Lesi siphepho siyaqhubeka nokubhekwa eduze ukuze kuqondwe ukuziphatha okuguquguqukayo kweplanethi emoyeni.
Insimu Enkulu KaMazibuthe
I-Jupiter inensimu yamagnetic enamandla kunanoma iyiphi iplanethi ohlelweni lwelanga, okuthiwa inamandla aphindwe izikhathi ezingu-20.000 kuneyoMhlaba. Le nsimu yamagnetic idalwe ukunyakaza kwe-hydrogen yensimbi enkabeni yeplanethi. Insimu yamagnetic ye-Jupiter inweba izigidi zamakhilomitha iye emkhathini, idala i-magnetosphere evikela iplanethi emisebeni yelanga futhi iqukethe izinhlayiya ezishajelwe. I-magnetosphere ye-Jupiter inkulu kakhulu kuneLanga uqobo.
Uhlelo Lwendandatho Olufihliwe
Nakuba ingaziwa kakhulu njengezindandatho zikaSaturn, iJupiter nayo inesimiso sayo sezindandatho. Lezi zindandatho zincane kakhulu futhi azibonakali kakhulu kunezikaSaturn. Zakhiwa izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: i-halo, izindandatho eziyinhloko, kanye nezindandatho zika-gossamer. Lezi zindandatho zenziwe ngezinhlayiya zothuli ezincane ezakhiwe ukushayisana kwe-meteoroid nezinyanga ezincane zikaJupiter.
Izinyanga zikaJupiter
I-Jupiter inezinyanga ezingaphezu kuka-79 ezitholakele kuze kube manje, kanti ezine zazo, ezaziwa ngokuthi yi-Galilean Moons, zidumile kakhulu. Lezi zinyanga zatholakala nguGalileo Galilei ngo-1610 futhi zifaka phakathi i-Io, i-Europa, i-Ganymede, kanye ne-Callisto.
Io
I-Io iyisidumbu esisebenza kakhulu ngentaba-mlilo ohlelweni lwelanga. Ubuso bayo bugcwele amakhulu ezintaba-mlilo eziqhuma njalo, okubangela izinguquko ezinkulu endaweni yenyanga. Intaba-mlilo ye-Io iqhutshwa amandla adonsela phansi e-Jupiter nezinye izinyanga zayo, okubangela ukushisa kwangaphakathi ngemiphumela yolwandle.
Europa
I-Europa ithakazelisa kakhulu ososayensi ngoba cishe inolwandle ngaphansi koqweqwe lwayo olubandayo. Imininingwane evela emisebenzini eyahlukahlukene ikhombisa ukuba khona kwamanzi anosawoti ancibilikisiwe ngaphansi kobuso obukhulu obubandayo. Lokhu kwenza i-Europa ibe enye yezindawo ezithembisayo kakhulu zokufuna ukuphila kwamagciwane angaphandle komhlaba.
UGanymede
I-Ganymede inyanga enkulu kunazo zonke ohlelweni lwelanga, inkulu ngisho kuneplanethi i-Mercury. I-Ganymede futhi inyanga yodwa enensimu yayo yamagnetic, yize ibuthakathaka kakhulu kune-Jupiter. Ubuso bayo bakhiwe yingxube yeqhwa nedwala, enezici eziningi ze-geological ezibonisa izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-tectonic.
I-Callisto
I-Callisto ingaphandle kakhulu kwezinyanga ezine zaseGalile futhi ingenye yezinto ezithinteke kakhulu ohlelweni lwelanga. Ubuso bayo bugcwele ama-crater, okwembula umlando omude wemithelela ngama-meteoroid nama-comet.
Umsebenzi Wokucwaninga weJupiter
Kuye kwaqaliswa imisebenzi eminingana ukuze kuqhutshekwe kufundwa ngeJupiter. Eminye yemisebenzi edumile kakhulu ihlanganisa uGalileo, uJuno, kanye nezindiza eziningana zePioneer and Voyager.
Galileo
Yasungulwa yi-NASA ngo-1989, iGalileo yayiwumsebenzi wokuqala ukungena emzileni kaJupiter futhi yafunda uhlelo lweJupiter ngokugcwele iminyaka ecishe ibe yisishiyagalombili. Lo msebenzi wanikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nomoya weJupiter, izinyanga zayo, kanye ne-magnetosphere yayo.
Juno
Umsebenzi weJuno, owaqalwa ngo-2011, wawuklanyelwe ukutadisha ukwakheka kweJupiter kanye nesakhiwo sangaphakathi. Lokhu kwavumela ososayensi ukuthi bathole ukuqonda okujulile ngomkhathi weplanethi, insimu yamagnetic, kanye namandla adonsela phansi. Enye yezinto ezimangazayo ezitholwe yiJuno ukuthi umnyombo weJupiter ungase wakhiwe ngezinto ezisakazeke kabanzi, kunokuba kube umnyombo oqinile owawucatshangwa ngaphambili.
Isiphetho
I-Jupiter, nayo yonke into ehlukile, iyaqhubeka nokuheha imicabango yabantu kanye nesithakazelo. Kusukela eziphephweni ezinkulu kuya ohlelweni oluyinkimbinkimbi lwezinyanga, le planethi inikeza okuningi kokufunda nokuqonda. Ngocwaningo oluqhubekayo nokuhlola, siyaqhubeka nokuthola ukuqonda okusha okucebisa ulwazi lwethu hhayi nje kuphela nge-Jupiter kodwa nangesimiso selanga nendawo yonke iyonke.
Ukuba khona kweJupiter hhayi nje kuphela njengegesi enkulu kodwa futhi njengomqaphi wesimiso selanga, evikela ama-comet nama-asteroid ekuthinteni uMhlaba, kufakazela indima yayo ebalulekile ekugcineni ibhalansi yendawo yonke esizungezile. Lapho sifunda okwengeziwe ngeJupiter, kulapho siqaphela khona ukuthi iyinkimbinkimbi futhi ithakazelisa kangakanani.
