Ingabe Kukhona Ukuphela Kwendawo Yonke?
I-Pendahuluan
Indawo yonke ingenye yezimfihlakalo ezinkulu ezisahlolwa ososayensi nezazi zefilosofi. Imibuzo mayelana nemvelaphi yendawo yonke, uhlobo lwayo, kanye, okudidayo kakhulu, ukuthi ikhona yini isiphelo sayo, iphefumulele imibono eminingi kanye nocwaningo kulo lonke umlando. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola imibono eyahlukene yesayensi mayelana nokuthi ikhona yini isiphelo sendawo yonke, kanye nemiphumela yefilosofi neyenkolo yale mibono.
Umsuka Nokwanda Kwendawo Yonke
Ukuze siqonde ukuthi indawo yonke inesiphelo yini, kumelwe siqale ngemvelaphi yayo. Inkolelo-mbono eyamukeleka kakhulu ngokwesayensi ngemvelaphi yendawo yonke yi-Big Bang Theory. Ngokwalo mbono, indawo yonke yaqala njengendawo eshisayo kakhulu futhi exinene cishe eminyakeni eyizigidigidi eziyi-13,8 edlule futhi iyaqhubeka nokukhula kuze kube namuhla.
Ukutholakala kokuthi indawo yonke iyanda kwaqala ukutholakala ngu-Edwin Hubble ngawo-1920. Lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo obalulekile: uma indawo yonke iyanda, kuzokwenzekani esikhathini esizayo? Ingabe indawo yonke izoqhubeka nokukhula kuze kube phakade, noma ikhona enye indlela engaqeda ngayo ukuba khona kwayo?
Izimo Zokuphela Kwesithathu Kwendawo Yonke
Ososayensi baphakamise izimo eziningana ezingaba khona zokuthi indawo yonke ingaphela kanjani. Nazi ezintathu eziyinhloko:
1. Iqhwa Elikhulu
Lesi simo saziwa nangokuthi "Ukufa Kokushisa." Kulesi simo, indawo yonke izoqhubeka nokukhula kuze kube yilapho wonke amandla ngesimo sokushisa esesatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ekugcineni. Lapho indawo yonke ifinyelela esimweni sayo esiphezulu se-thermodynamic, akusekho amandla atholakalayo okusebenza, okusho ukuthi i-entropy izofinyelela esiphezulu sayo.
Lokhu kuzoholela endaweni yonke ebanda kakhulu futhi enesizungu, lapho zonke izinkanyezi zizofa khona futhi ngisho nama-athomu ekugcineni aphenduke izinhlayiya ezincane ezihlakazekile endaweni engenalutho. Ngamanye amazwi, indawo yonke izobhekana nokufa okubuhlungu nokubandayo.
2. Ukuqothuka Okukhulu
I-Big Crunch yisimo lapho amandla adonsela phansi ayezonqoba amandla okwanda kwendawo yonke. Uma izinto eziningi namandla amnyama anele ayekhona endaweni yonke, amandla adonsela phansi ayezogcina ebangele indawo yonke ukuba iyeke ukwanda bese iqala ukuncipha. Indawo yonke yayizophinde ibuyele kuyo, ibuyele endaweni exinene kakhulu neshisayo, efana nezimo zangesikhathi se-Big Bang. Lo mbono, nakuba uthakazelisa, okwamanje ubhekwa njengongatheni ngoba ubufakazi obukhulayo busikisela ukuthi izinga lokukhula kwendawo yonke liyakhula.
3. Ukuqhekeka Okukhulu
Lesi simo sihilela amandla angaqondakali abizwa ngokuthi amandla amnyama, okucatshangwa ukuthi asheshisa ukwanda kwendawo yonke. Esimweni se-Big Rip, amandla amnyama ekugcineni ayeyoba namandla kangangokuthi ayezonqoba wonke amanye amandla ahlanganisa izinto ndawonye. Lokhu kwakuzobangela ukuba imithala, izinkanyezi, amaplanethi, ngisho nama-athomu nezinhlayiya ezincane ze-athomu ziqhekeke. Ekugcineni, isikhathi sesikhala ngokwaso sasizoqhekeka sibe yimbubhiso ephelele.
Indima Yamandla Amnyama Nezinto Ezimnyama
Amandla amnyama angenye yezingxenye eziyimfihlakalo kakhulu ze-cosmology yanamuhla futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi yisona sizathu esiyinhloko esisheshisa ukwanda kwendawo yonke. Ukwakheka kwawo akukaqondakali kahle, kodwa ososayensi basebenza kanzima ukuthola ulwazi olwengeziwe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, into emnyama idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni isakhiwo sendawo yonke. Nakuba into emnyama ingabonakali futhi ingatholakali ngemisebe kagesi, ithonya layo lamandla adonsela phansi libonakala kakhulu ekubonweni kwemithala kanye namaqoqo emithala.
Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamandla amnyama nezinto ezimnyama kuyisici esibalulekile esinikeza ukuqonda ngekusasa lendawo yonke. Ukuthi ibhalansi yamandla adonsela phansi kanye namandla amnyama kuzoholela ekuQondweni Okukhulu, ekuQondweni Okukhulu, noma ekuQondweni Okukhulu kugxile ocwaningweni oluningi.
Imiphumela Yefilosofi Neyemfundiso Yenkolo
Ukucabangela kwesayensi mayelana nokuphela kwendawo yonke kunemiphumela eminingana yefilosofi neyenkolo. Okokuqala, umqondo wokuthi indawo yonke ingase ingabi nasiphelo noma isiphetho kwesinye sezimo ezinkulu uphakamisa imibuzo ejulile mayelana nencazelo yokuba khona kanye nohlobo lwesikhathi.
Ngokombono wezenkolo, izinkolo ezahlukene zinemibono ehlukene ngemvelaphi kanye nokuphela kwendawo yonke. Isibonelo, emasikweni obuKrestu nawamaSulumane, kukhona inkolelo yeZikhathi Zokuphela kanye nokudalwa okusha nguNkulunkulu. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amanye amasiko obuBuddha namaHindu abheka indawo yonke njengomjikelezo ongapheli wokuzalwa nokufa.
Isiphetho
Ukuphendula umbuzo wokuthi ngabe kuzoba nokuphela kwendawo yonke kusiholela phansi esitebhisini esijulile sokuqagela kwesayensi, okusekelwa yimibono ehlukahlukene yefiziksi yanamuhla kanye ne-cosmology. Ukuthi indawo yonke izoqeda ukuba khona kwayo nge-Big Freeze, i-Big Crunch, i-Big Rip, noma ngisho nangendlela esingakayiqondi kusalokhu kungumbuzo ovulekile odinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Ukuthola okwengeziwe ngamandla amnyama, izinto ezimnyama, kanye nesimo esiyisisekelo sesikhala-isikhathi ngokwaso kuzoba yisihluthulelo sokuqonda isiphetho sokugcina sendawo yonke yethu. Kungakhathaliseki impendulo, lo mkhankaso ngokungangabazeki uzosiholela ekuqondeni okujulile indawo yonke kanye nendawo yesintu kuyo.
