Iyini iPlanethi Elincane kanye Nezibonelo
I-Pendahuluan
Amaplanethi amafushane ayisigaba esithakazelisayo sezinto zezinkanyezi okufanele zifundwe ohlelweni lwethu lwelanga. Naphezu kobukhulu bawo obuncane uma kuqhathaniswa namaplanethi amakhulu njengoMhlaba noma iJupiter, amaplanethi amafushane anezici ezihlukile futhi adlala indima ebalulekile ekuqondeni ukuvela kanye nokuguquguquka kwesimiso sethu selanga.
Incazelo yePlanethi Encane
Iplanethi encane yachazwa yi-International Astronomical Union (IAU) ngo-2006 njengento yasezulwini ehlangabezana nalezi zidingo ezintathu eziyinhloko:
1. Ukuzungeza Ilanga: Njengamaplanethi aziwayo, amaplanethi amancane nawo kumelwe azungeze ilanga.
2. Yiba Nesisindo Esanele: Iplanethi encane kumele ibe nesisindo esanele ukuze amandla ayo adonsela phansi akwazi ukuyenza ibe yindilinga noma icishe ibe yindilinga.
3. Ayikahlanzi Indawo Yayo Ezungezile: Ngokungafani namaplanethi amakhulu, amaplanethi amancane awakwazi ukususa izinto ezifanayo endaweni ezungezile.
Umehluko namaplanethi amakhulu
Nakuba amaplanethi amancane anezici ezithile namaplanethi amakhulu, kunomehluko obalulekile owahlukanisayo. Isibonelo, amaplanethi amakhulu njengoMhlaba noJupiter asuse udoti nezinye izinto emizuliswaneni yawo, okwenza alawule imizila yawo yokuzungeza. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amaplanethi amancane awakwenzanga lokhu futhi avame ukwabelana ngemizila yawo nezinye izinto, njengezinto ze-asteroid noma i-Kuiper Belt.
Izibonelo zamaplanethi amancane
Ukwandiswa kwe-IAU kwencazelo nokuqashelwa kwamaplanethi amancane kuveze izibonelo ezithakazelisayo. Nazi ezimbalwa:
1. I-Pluto
Ngaphambili iplanethi yesishiyagalolunye ohlelweni lwelanga, iPluto manje ibhekwa njengeplanethi encane. Ukutholakala kwayo ngo-1930 nguClyde Tombaugh kwaholela ekuqashelweni kwayo njengeplanethi enkulu kwaze kwaba yisinqumo se-IAU ngo-2006. I-Pluto inezici ezihlukile, okuhlanganisa nesathelayithi yayo yemvelo enkulu, iCharon, evame ukubhekwa njengengxenye yesistimu ye-binary nePluto.
I-Pluto inomoya omncane owakhiwe yi-nitrogen, i-methane, kanye ne-carbon monoxide. Ubuso be-Pluto buhlukahlukene kakhulu, bunezingqimba zeqhwa, amasimu eqhwa, kanye nezingqimba zeqhwa ezihamba kancane. Ulwazi olujulile mayelana ne-Pluto lutholakale emsebenzini we-NASA we-New Horizons, owasungulwa ngo-2006 futhi wafika ku-Pluto ngo-2015.
2.Eris
I-Eris yatholakala ngo-2005 yithimba lezazi zezinkanyezi elaliholwa nguMichael E. Brown, uChad Trujillo, noDavid Rabinowitz. Ekuqaleni, i-Eris kwakucatshangwa ukuthi inkulu kakhulu kunePluto, okwakungenye yezinto ezabangela ushintsho lwe-IAU encazelweni yeplanethi.
I-Eris itholakala e-Kuiper Belt, indawo enezinto ezibandayo nezinamatshe ngale komzila we-Neptune. Umzila wayo ujikeleza kakhulu futhi uqhelelene nelanga, okwenza ubuso bayo bube bandayo kakhulu. I-Eris inesathelayithi esisodwa semvelo, i-Dysnomia. NjengoPluto, kucatshangwa ukuthi i-Eris inomphezulu oqandisiwe, obandayo.
3. Haume
I-Haumea yatholwa yithimba lezazi zezinkanyezi elaliholwa nguMike Brown ngo-2004. I-Haumea inesimo esiyingqayizivele kakhulu, okungukuthi i-oval noma i-elliptical, ngenxa yokujikeleza kwayo okusheshayo. Lokhu kujikeleza okusheshayo kwenza amandla adonsela phansi e-Haumea angakwazi ukugcina isimo sayo esiyindilinga ngokuphelele.
I-Haumea kulinganiselwa ukuthi ingamakhilomitha angaba ngu-2.000 ubude eceleni kwe-axis yayo, futhi ineziphuphutheki ezimbili zemvelo ezaziwa ngokuthi i-Hi'iaka ne-Namaka. I-Haumea itholakala nase-Kuiper Belt futhi inobuso obuhlanganiswe neqhwa elicwebezelayo.
4. Ukwakha
I-Makemake yatholakala ngo-2005 yithimba elifanayo elathola i-Eris. Incane kancane kune-Pluto, i-Makemake nayo iyiplanethi encane etholakala e-Kuiper Belt. Ubuso bayo bakhiwe yiqhwa le-methane, okwenza i-Makemake ibe mhlophe ngendlela ehlukile.
Njengo-Eris no-Haumea, umjikelezo weMakemake ungaphezu kweNeptune, futhi esinye sezici zayo eziphawulekayo ukuntuleka kwayo umoya ozinzile. Ngo-2016, kwatholakala isathelayithi encane, kamuva eyabizwa ngokuthi i-MK 2, ijikeleza iMakemake.
5. ICeres
ICeres ihlukile kwamanye amaplanethi amafushane ngenxa yendawo yayo e-Asteroid Belt phakathi kweMars neJupiter. Yatholakala ngo-1801 yisazi sezinkanyezi sase-Italy uGiuseppe Piazzi, iCeres ekuqaleni yahlukaniswa njengeplanethi kodwa ekugcineni yabhekwa njengeplanethi encane ngaphambi kokuba i-IAU iyimemezele njengeplanethi encane ngo-2006.
I-Ceres yinto enkulu kunazo zonke ebhandeni le-asteroid, elinganiselwa kumakhilomitha angama-940 ububanzi. Umsebenzi we-NASA we-Dawn, owasungulwa ngo-2007, wembula okuningi ngesakhiwo kanye nokwakheka kwe-Ceres. Ubuso be-Ceres bugcwele ama-crater, ngokungafani ne-Pluto kanye namanye amaplanethi amafushane azungeza ngale kwe-Neptune.
Indima Nokubaluleka Kwamaplanethi Amancane Ezinkanyezini Zezinkanyezi
Ucwaningo lwamaplanethi amafushane lunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ngemvelaphi kanye nokuvela kwesimiso sethu selanga. Ngokuqonda izici zawo kanye nokuguquguquka kwawo, ososayensi bangacabanga ukuthi izinqubo ezifanayo zingase zenzeke kwezinye izinhlelo zamaplanethi ezingaphezu kwezethu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaplanethi amafushane angaba yizihloko ezithakazelisayo zemisebenzi yokuhlola yesikhathi esizayo. Isibonelo, umsebenzi we-New Horizons ku-Pluto uvula umnyango wemisebenzi efanayo nezinye izinto ze-Kuiper Belt njenge-Eris noma i-Makemake. Idatha etholakale kulokhu kuhlola ingasiza ekuphenduleni imibuzo eyisisekelo mayelana nomlando wesimiso sonozungezilanga.
Isiphetho
Amaplanethi ama-dwarf ayizinto zasemkhathini ezihlangabezana nezindinganiso ezithile eziwahlukanisa namaplanethi amakhulu. Naphezu kobukhulu bawo obuncane, indima yawo ohlelweni lwelanga ayinakunakwa. Kusukela ku-Pluto kuya ku-Ceres, iplanethi ngayinye yama-dwarf inikeza ukuqonda okuhlukile ngokwakheka, umsebenzi womphezulu, kanye nokuguquguquka kwesimiso sethu selanga. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe kanye nokuhlolwa kwamaplanethi ama-dwarf kulindeleke ukuthi kuvule izimfihlakalo ezengeziwe futhi kuhlinzeke ukuqonda okujulile ngemvelaphi kanye nokuvela kwesimiso selanga.
