Umoya Ongenamoya Wemvelo Ekwakhiweni Kwezindlu
Umoya wokungenisa umoya wemvelo kuyindlela yokuletha umoya omusha ekhaya ngaphandle kokuthembela emishinini efana nama-air conditioner noma ama-exhaust fans. Ekwakhiweni kwezindlu, umoya wokungenisa umoya wemvelo ungaphezu nje "kokuvula amafasitela," kodwa kunalokho kuyindlela ebanzi ehlanganisa ukwakheka kwegumbi, ukuqondiswa kwesakhiwo, ukuvuleka, umehluko wokucindezela, kanye nokukhethwa kwezinto. Uma kuklanywe kahle, umoya wokungenisa umoya wemvelo ungathuthukisa induduzo yokushisa, uthuthukise ikhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi, unciphise umswakama, futhi unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ekhaya.
Kungani umoya opholile wemvelo ubalulekile?
Izindlu ezingatholi umoya opholile zivame ukugcina ukushisa, umswakama, kanye nokungcola. Imisebenzi yansuku zonke efana nokupheka, ukugeza, ukuwasha, ngisho nokusebenzisa imikhiqizo yokuhlanza ingadala umhwamuko wamanzi kanye namakhemikhali angcolisa ikhwalithi yomoya. Ezimweni ezishisayo ezinomswakama njengezindawo eziningi e-Indonesia, umswakama owedlulele ungaholela ekukhunteni, amaphunga akhuntile, kanye nempilo embi yabantu abahlala kuzo. Umoya opholile wemvelo usiza ukususa umoya omanzi nongcolile bese uwufaka umoya omusha ovela ngaphandle.
Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo zezempilo, umoya opholile wemvelo uphinde usekele ukusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla. Izindlu ezinomoya ojikelezayo omuhle ngokuvamile zikhululekile ngaphandle kokupholisa okwenziwe usuku lonke. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa komoya opholile akugcini nje ngokusindisa izindleko zikagesi kodwa futhi kunciphisa nomphumela wekhabhoni.
Izimiso eziyisisekelo zokungenisa umoya kwemvelo
Ngokuvamile, ukuphefumula kwemvelo kusebenza ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko:
1. Umoya ohambayo ovundlile
Umoya owela phakathi kwenzeka lapho umoya ungena ohlangothini olulodwa lwendlu futhi uphuma kolunye, udlula esikhaleni esiphakathi. Umoya owela phakathi usebenza kahle uma kunezimbobo ezinhlangothini ezimbili eziphambene, noma okungenani ezinhlangothini ezimbili ezihlukene, ukudala indlela yokuhamba komoya.
2. Umphumela we-stack
Umoya oshisayo uvame ukuphakama. Uma indlu inezimbobo eziphakeme (njengezimbobo zomoya eziphezulu, amafasitela e-clerestory, amafasitela e-jalousie, noma ama-skylight avulekayo), umoya oshisayo ungaphuma phezulu bese udonsa umoya opholile usuka ezimbobo ezingezansi. Lo mphumela uwusizo ikakhulukazi emakhaya anezitezi eziningi noma emakhaya anophahla olude.
Empeleni, imiklamo emihle kakhulu ivame ukuhlanganisa kokubili: ukungenisa umoya okuhambayo ukuze kugeleze ngokuvundlile kanye nomphumela we-chimney ukuze kususwe ukushisa okubambeke phezulu kwegumbi.
Ukuqondiswa kwesakhiwo kanye nemiphumela yomoya
Umoya ongenisa umoya wemvelo uthonywa kakhulu yindlela umoya ohamba ngayo. Indlu eyakhiwe ngokucabangela umoya ohambayo izoba nokugeleza komoya okulula. Okungcono kakhulu, izimbobo ezinkulu (amafasitela, iminyango, izindawo zokungena) kufanele zibe sohlangothini olubheke emoyeni kanti olunye uhlangothi kufanele lube yindawo yokukhipha umoya.
Kodwa-ke, ukuqondiswa akukhona nje ngomoya. Indlela ilanga elihamba ngayo ithinta ukushisa okungena endlini. Izimbobo ezinkulu ezibheke entshonalanga zivame ukuthola ukushisa okukhulu kwantambama; uma zingavikelwe, amakamelo angashisa kakhulu ngisho noma kunomoya omuhle. Ngakho-ke, amasu okungenisa umoya kufanele ahlanganiswe namadivayisi okufaka umthunzi njengama-canopies, ama-eves, ama-louvers, izikrini zangaphandle, noma izitshalo.
Ukuhlelwa kwesikhala: amapayipi omoya kumele "abe sobala"
Umoya omuhle wemvelo udinga umoya ohlanzekile. Izindlu eziningi zinamafasitela kodwa zisazizwa zigcwele ngoba umoya uvaleleke ezindongeni noma emigwaqweni emincane. Ezinye izimiso zokuhlela isikhala ezikhuthaza umoya opholile zifaka:
– Hlela isikhala ngendlela yokuthi sibe nezinhlangothi ezimbili ezivulekile uma kungenzeka, ikakhulukazi igumbi lokuphumula negumbi lokulala.
– Nciphisa izithiyo endleleni yomoya, njengamakhabethe amade avimba indawo eduze kwamafasitela noma izingxenye ezigcwele ezingenazo izikhala.
– Sebenzisa umoya ongenisa umoya ngaphezu komnyango (bovenlicht) noma ama-grille ukuze umoya ukwazi ukugeleza phakathi kwamakamelo ngisho nalapho umnyango uvaliwe.
– Hlukanisa imithombo yokushisa nephunga, njengekhishi, enezimbobo eziqondile ngaphandle noma endaweni evulekile ukuze umoya ungathwali iphunga ekamelweni eliyinhloko.
Emakhaya amancane noma emakhaya asendaweni encane, inselele inani elilinganiselwe lezinhlangothi ezivulekayo. Izixazululo zingafaka phakathi izikhala, amagceke angaphakathi, noma izibani, ezisebenza njenge "amaphaphu" esakhiwo, zivumela ukukhanya, zivumela umoya ukuthi ungene, futhi zinikeze indlela yokuthi umoya oshisayo uphume uye phezulu.
Umklamo wokuvula: usayizi wefasitela, indawo kanye nohlobo
Izimbobo ziyithuluzi eliyinhloko lokungenisa umoya ngokwemvelo. Ukuze kusebenze kahle, qaphela:
– Isilinganiso sezikhala zokungena nezokuphuma. Ngokuvamile, isikhala sokuphuma akufanele sibe sincane kunesikhala sokungena ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvinjelwa kokugeleza kwamanzi.
– Ukuphakama kokuvula. Izimbobo eziphansi zivumela umoya opholile ukuthi ungene, kanti izimbobo eziphakeme zisiza ukususa ukushisa. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalokhu okubili kuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwegazi.
– Uhlobo lwefasitela. Amafasitela e-casement (avuleka eceleni) angabamba kangcono umoya uma eqondiswe ohlangothini lomoya. Amafasitela e-Jalousie avumela umoya ukungena ngenkathi egcina ubumfihlo futhi enciphisa ukuna kwemvula.
– Ukuphepha kanye nenduduzo. Ama-grille okuphepha, ama-trellises aklanywe kahle, kanye nokusebenzisa amafasitela anezimbobo ezincane zomoya ezingavulwa ebusuku kungandisa amathuba okungenisa umoya ngaphandle kokulahla ukuphepha.
Ngaphezu kwamafasitela, izinto ezifana nokufaka umoya endlini, amapayipi omoya, noma izikrini ezinezimbobo zingasiza ngokushintshana komoya njalo, ikakhulukazi emakamelweni okusebenzela kanye nasezindlini zangasese.
Uphahla, uphahla kanye nokuphathwa kokushisa
Ezimweni ezishisayo, umthombo omkhulu wokushisa uvame ukuvela ophahleni. Umoya wokungenisa umoya wemvelo ungathuthukiswa ngokwakhiwa kophahla nophahla:
– Uphahla oluphezulu lunikeza isikhala somoya oshisayo ukuze kukhuphuke, ukuze indawo yokusebenza yomuntu ohlala kuyo ipholile.
– Izikhala zomoya ophahleni (izikhala zomoya ezivulekile, izikhala zomoya ezivulekile ze-turbine, noma izikhala zomoya ezivulekile) zivumela ukushisa okungaphansi kophahla ukuba kuphume.
– Isikhala se-attic esinomoya singasebenza njengesivikelo sokushisa, sinciphise ukulahleka kokushisa endaweni yangaphakathi.
– Izinto zokufulela kanye nokuvikela nazo zidlala indima; umoya awuhlali wanele uma uphahla lumunca ukushisa okweqile ngaphandle kokuvikelwa.
Ukuhlanganiswa komthunzi, ukufudumala, kanye nokungenisa umoya ophahleni kuvame ukuholela ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu kwenduduzo ngaphandle kwesidingo sezinhlelo ezinkulu zemishini.
Imifino nezinto zangaphandle
Indawo yasekhaya inomthelela omkhulu kwikhwalithi yomoya ongenisa umoya. Izitshalo zingasiza ekwehliseni amazinga okushisa omoya angenayo ngokuhwamuka kanye nokufiphaza. Ezinye zezinyathelo ezivamile zifaka:
– Tshala izihlahla zomthunzi ohlangothini oluthola ukushisa okukhulu.
– Yenza ingadi noma ichibi elincane endaweni lapho umoya udlula khona ngaphambi kokungena endlini.
– Gwema izithiyo eziqinile phambi komnyango omkhulu, njengothango olude nolukhulu, olungavimba ukuhamba komoya.
Ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, ngisho negceke elincane lingasebenza njengendawo yokushintsha epholisa umoya ngaphambi kokungena ngaphakathi.
Nciphisa umswakama futhi ulondoloze ikhwalithi yomoya
Umoya wokungenisa umoya wemvelo awugcini nje ngokuba nomoya opholile; kodwa futhi uphathelene nokulawula umswakama. Izindawo ezifana nezindlu zangasese namakhishi zidinga ukususwa ngokushesha komswakama. Uma uthembele ekungeneni komoya wemvelo, qiniseka ukuthi kukhona indawo evulekile ngaphandle, noma okungenani indlela yomoya oholela endaweni evulekile/engenalutho. Izinto zangaphakathi eziphefumulayo njenge-lime plaster noma upende ongena kahle zingasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokubamba umswakama, yize kusadingeka zisekelwe ukuhamba komoya.
Ukuze uthole ikhwalithi yomoya, gwema ukuthola izikhala ezinkulu ezibhekene nemithombo yokungcola njengemigwaqo ematasa noma izindawo zokushiswa kwemfucuza. Uma izimo zendawo zingezinhle kangako, amasu afana nezingadi ezivikelayo, izikhumba zesibili, kanye nokuhlunga okungenamsebenzi (isb., izindawo eziseduze kakhulu) kunganciphisa ukungena kothuli.
Izinselele namaphutha avamile
Amanye amaphutha avame ukwenzeka ekusebenziseni umoya wemvelo ezindlini zokuhlala ahlanganisa:
– Izimbobo zisohlangothini olulodwa lwegumbi ukuze kungenzeki umoya ophumayo.
– Amafasitela amakhulu kodwa ambozwe ifenisha noma amakhethini aminyene usuku lonke.
– Azikho izimbobo eziphakeme ngakho umoya oshisayo uvaleleke ophahleni.
– Uphahla lufushane kakhulu ngakho amafasitela kufanele avaliwe njalo uma lina, okuvimbela umoya ukungena.
– Ukunganaki ezokuphepha, ngakho izakhamuzi azithandi ukuvula amafasitela ebusuku.
Ngokuqaphela lezi zinkinga kusukela esigabeni sokuklama, umoya wemvelo ungahlelwa ngendlela engokoqobo futhi ngokwemikhuba yabantu abahlala endlini.
I-Penutup
Umoya wokungenisa umoya wemvelo ekwakhiweni kwezindlu kuyinhlanganisela yefiziksi elula kanye nezinqumo zokuklama ngokucophelela. Ngokuqondisa ikhaya, ukuhlela ukwakheka okungenela amanzi, ukuklama izikhala ezifanele, nokuhlanganisa lokhu nomthunzi kanye nokuphathwa kokushisa kophahla, izindlu zingaba nempilo enhle, zisebenzise kahle amandla, futhi zikhululeke kakhudlwana. Njengoba amazinga okushisa asemadolobheni ekhuphuka kanye nezindleko zamandla enyuka, umoya wokungenisa umoya wemvelo awuyona nje indlela yokukhetha ubuhle noma isiko, kodwa isu elibalulekile lokudala izindlu ezihlala isikhathi eside, ezilungele ukuhlala unyaka wonke.
